iN MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA. 
TST IRs ces is devchacesteice 49 PUPAiioseicks eseceessease UP ACIStnlavics-versenesassesaee 
SEePLAKIS' .0 0s. ccscene 3 @lausilia lee sereeeae see 4 Bourciera ........00008 1 
Bulimus............... 200 Cylindrella ............ 1S Cyc) OLUS taeesccasessepane § 
SUCCINEA ...........00006 9 Witriniay ie codsbenseceees 1 Adamsiella ............ 1 
Tornatellina............ 1 TAMA fics: cxdecenetes 1 Helicingd Wise .crsssasneee 6 
PA CHATINA i avess ssene'sene's 10 Choanopoma........... 2 Trochatella .........6+. il 
CHET TERE Wp a acesonpoecen 5 Cyclophorus ..........++ 2 
The presence of several species of the old-world genera 
Clausilia and Streptaxis—both wanting in North America—be- 
comes a significant fact when taken in connection with ths 
affinities of the higher animals of South America and Africa. 
These imply a land-way across the Atlantic (at some very remote 
period), more direct than would be afforded by the continent 
which is believed to have united the boreal regions at fae close 
of the Miocene age.* 
Corbicula cuneata and 3 species of Cyrena are cia in the 
Orinoco and smaller rivers; and the remarkable genus Miilleria, 
representing the African theria, inhabits the Rio Magdalena. 
A species of Ancylus is recorded from Venezuela. 
Galapagos Islands (No. 35). 
The fauna and flora of these islands are peculiar, but related to 
tropical South America. The only known land-shells are 17 
small and obscure species of Bulimus, of which the most remark- 
able is B. achatinellinus. Some of them are peculiar to par- 
ticular islands, like the birds and reptiles, yiz. :—Chatham 
Island 2, Charles Island 3, Jacob Island 2, James Island 1. 
*‘The Archipelago is a little world within itself, or rather a 
satellite attached to America, whence it has derived a few stray 
colonists, and has received the general character of its indigenous 
productions.” (j’arwin’s Journal, p. 377.) 
23. BRAZILIAN REGION. 
The ‘‘ region of Palms and Melastomas,” extending from the 
Amazon to the southern tropic, is one of the richest zoological 
provinces. Itincludes Bolivia, and the largest portion of Peru, 
all that lies to the east of the Andes. The greater part of the 
region 1s mountainous and rainy and densely wooded, but inter- 
sected by extensive plains (Llanos), some grassy and fertile, 
* In Lieut. Maury’s physical map of the Atlantic, the contour of this former land is 
partly shown by the 2,000 fathom line, extending beyond the Canaries and Madeira, 
and sending out a promonotory to the Azores. Clausilie are found in Eocene strata; 
perhaps even in the coal measures (p. 295). Principal Dawson has recently described 
Pupa from the coal measures of Nova Scotia, which may be the same shell alluded 
to here, 
