DISTRIBUTION IN DEPTH 153 
rare Panopea Norvegica are swallowed, and ejected again with 
eroded surfaces. The haddock swallows shells still more indis- 
criminately, and Mr. M‘Andrew has found great numbers of 
rare Pectens in them, but generally spoiled. The cat-fish and 
skate break up the strongest shell-fish with their teeth—account- 
ing for the many angular fragments met with in the dredge, 
and in recent deposits. | 
The following are examples of shells obtained from great 
depths :— 
Norway. (M‘Andrew.) Aigean. (Forbes.) 
Living shells. Living. Dead. 
Fathoms,. | Murex vaginatus......... 150 
Cerithium metula .....ccececeeeee 20—150 | Fusus muricatus ......... 80—95 150 
Margarita cinerea ..........csesees 10—130 | Nassaintermedia......... 45—185 
Dentalium entale ............0c00e 200 | Cerithium lima............ 38—80 140 
MAIO AI SATS. csecocccescdssnscvedecssee 120 | Chemnitzia fasciata ... 110—150 
MECCA PHONED, .c.cescsscsrerrevsenees 200 | Eulima distorta ......... 69—140 
OMAR IAAT UA, ese csevsecscsseress 120 } Scalaria hellenica ...... 110 
BRE DISIKOLONT, 5.0) s.vesescestscsnescs 40—100 | Rissoa reticulata......... 59 185 
Cryptodon flexXuosus ....cceeeeeee 200 | Trochus exasperatus ... 10—105 165 
Scissurella plicata ...... 7O—150 
Off the Cape. (Belcher.) Acmea unicolor ......... 60—105 150 
Buccinum? clathratum ..........06 136 | Dentaliam quinquangulare 150—230 
Volutilithes abyssicola ..........6 132 | Bulla utriculus ............ 40—140 
Pectunculus Belcheri............. b 120 | Spondylus Gussonii 105 
Pecten Hoskynsii 185—200 
aigean. (Forbes.) Arca imbricata ss... 90—230 
Living. Dead. | Newra cuspidata ......... 12—185 
Terebratula vitrea ........000 100 250 | Thetis anatinoides ...... 40—150 
Argiope decollata ....cccecrss 100 110°} Kellia abyssicola ......... 70—180 200 
Crania LINENS ......secceccense . 90 150° Syndosmya profundissima 80—185 
Preserving molluscous animals for ecamination. 
When shell-fish are killed by sudden immersion in hot water 
or strong spirit, great and unequal contraction is caused, dis- 
torting the muscular parts and rupturing the membranes. 
Experiments have yet to be made for the discovery of means 
whereby these and other marine animals may be paralysed and 
killed, without altering the ordinary condition of their organs.* 
Glycerine is the best medium for preserying such objects as 
the uniyalye shell-fish, intended for the examination of their 
* The brittle-stars (Ophzocoma) are killed by sudden immersion in fresh-water; and 
the Actinie may be stupified by adding fresh-water drop by drop until they lose the 
power of retracting their tentacles. But the bivalves (such as Pholas) may be kept in 
stale water till their valves fall off with incipient decomposition, and yet the muscular 
siphons retain their irritability, and contract slowly and completely, when placed in 
spirit. 
H 3 
