. 
1 GASTEROPODA. - 263 
FamMiIty [X.—TURBINIDE. 
Shell spiral, turbinated or pyramidal, nacreous inside; oper- 
culum calcareous and pauci-spiral, or horny and multi-spiral. 
Animal with a short muzzle; eyes pedunculated at the outer 
bases of the long and slender tentacles; head and sides orna- 
mented with fringed lobes and tentacular filaments (cirri) ; 
branchial plume single; lingual ribbon long and linear, chiefly 
contained in the visceral cavity ; median teeth broad; laterals 
5, denticulated; uncini very numerous (sometimes nearly 100), 
slender, with hooked points (Fig. 15, A). 
Marine, feeding on sea-weeds (alge). 
The shells of nearly all the turbinide are brilliantly pearly 
when the epidermis and outer layer of shell are removed ; many 
of them are used in this state for ornamental purposes. 
Turso, L. Top-shell. 
Etymology, turbo, a whipping-top. 
Synonyms, Batillus, Marmorostoma, Callopoma, &c.—Gray. 
Type, T. marmoratus. Pl. X., Fig. 2. 
Shell turbinated, solid; whorls convex, often grooved or 
tuberculated; aperture large, rounded, slightly produced in 
front ; operculum shelly and solid, callous outside, and smooth, 
or yariously grooved and mammillated, internally horny and 
pauci-spiral. In 7’. sarmaticus the exterior of the operculum is 
botryoidal, ike some of the tufaceous deposits of petrifying 
wells. 
Animal with pectinated head-lobes. 
Distribution, 60 species. Tropical seas, West Indies, Medi- 
terranean, Cape, India, China, Australia, New Zealand, Pacific, 
Peru. 
Fossil, 360 species (including littorina) L. Silurian—. 
Universal. 
PHASIANELLA, Lam. Pheasant-shell. 
Synonyms, Eutropia (Humphrey), Gray. Tricolea, Risso. 
Type, P. australis. Pl. X., Fig. 3. 
Shell elongated, polished, richly coloured; whorls convex; 
aperture oyal, not pearly ; inner Hp callous, outer thin; oper- 
culum shelly, callous outside, sub-spiral inside. 
Animal with long ciliated tentacles; head-lobes pectinated, 
wanting in the minute species; neck-lobes fringed; sides 
ornamented with three cirri; branchial plume long, partly 
free ; foot rounded in front, pointed behind; its sides moved 
alternately in walking; lingual teeth eyen-edged; laterals 4, 
