CN 
BRACHIOPODA. OG 
edges rolled together and united, forming a large permanently 
open tube for the brachial currents. The large spines are most 
usually situated on the ears of the ventral valve, and may havo 
served to moor the shell; being tubular they were permanently 
susceptible of growth and repair. Although edentulous, the 
dorsal valve must have turned on its long hinge-line with as 
much precision as in those genera which are regularly articulated 
by teeth. 
Fossil, 81 species. Devonian—Permian. North and South 
America, Europe, Spitzbergen, Thibet, Australia. 
Exterior, Vig. 190, Interior, 
Sub-genus. Aulosteges, Helmersen. A. Wangenheimu, Vern., 
Hig, 190. Permian, Russsia; Carb. Shell like Producta; 
ventral valve with a large flat triangular hinge-area (h), with a 
narrow convex pseudo-deltidium (d) in the centre; beak a little 
distorted, as if attached when young ; dorsal valve slightly 
conyex near the umbo; interior as in Productus (lungi-spinus). 
STROPHALOSIA, Kine. 
Example, 8. Cancrini, De Vern., Fig. 
191. 
Synonym, Orthothrix, Geinitz. 
Shell attached by the umbo of the 
ventral valve; sub-quadrate; covered 
with long slender spines; valves arti- 
culated, dorsal moderately concave, 
ventral convex, each with a small area; “make ~ 
fissure covered; yascular impressions “eau ay 
conjoined, reniform. wee 
Fossil, 8 species. Devonian—Carb. Fig, 19) S. Cancrin. 
Huropo, Himalaya (Gezard). 
YN 
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