10 Annals of the South African Museum. 



Females and workers with well-developed sting. 



Females and males. The anterior wings generally have 2 closed 

 cubital cells. 



Nymphs always enclosed in a cocoon. 



Emery divides the Ponerinae into three sections, based on 

 characters derived from the larvae and males, but of which there are 

 no corresponding characters in the female and worker. As far as 

 our present knowledge enables us to judge, these divisions appear to 

 be sufficiently natural, and are as follows : — 



I. Prodorylinae. Larva uniformly hirsute, without piligerous 

 tubercles ; $ . Mandibles well developed ; genital armature 

 retractile, sub-genital valve widely excised ; cerci absent. 



II. Proponrrinae. Larva as in I. ; $ . Mandibles well de- 

 veloped ; genital armature usually non-retractile ; sub-genital valve 

 entire ; cerci absent. 



III. Euponerinae. Larva with piligerous tubercles ; $ . Man- 

 dibles more or less reduced ; genital armature non-retractile ;. 

 sub-genital valve always entire ; cerci present. 



The first section includes the following South African genera, 

 Cerapachys, Phyracaces, and Simopone. 



The second section includes Platythyrea, Sysphincta, and Probolo- 

 myrmex. 



To the third section belong all the other South African Ponerinae. 



The following dichotomic tables of the tribes, based on the 

 characters of the 5 and $ , is derived from Emery's work (" Gen. 

 Insectorum "). Unfortunately the males of many species are still 

 unknowm, and moreover, in quite a large number of species winged 

 females have never been found, so that a key for these sexes (in many 

 genera) cannot be provided. There is a tendency among the 

 Ponerinae for the suppression of the winged ? , which is replaced 

 by ergatoid females differing but little from the workers except in 

 size and pilosity. 



Key to the Tribes of the Ponerinae, based on the Characters of the 



% and 2 . 



(2). 1. Claws pectinate Leptogenyini,~Fove\» 



(1). 2. Claws simple or toothed. 



(4). 3. Mandibles articulated to the middle of the anterior margin of the 



head Odontomachini, Mayr. 



(3). 4. Mandibles articulated to the anterior angles of the head. 



(6). 5. At least one ocellus in the $ ; body elongate, pygidium armed at the 



sides with several stumpy spines Cylindromyrmicini,'Ei'n.ej:j. 



