18 Dr. E. J. Mills on Nitrated Toluol 



filtrate has a constant boiling-point, and does not yield crystals 

 when again cooled. 



1 have not been able to obtain the solid product of constant 

 fusion-point, either by sublimation, by crystallization from spirit 

 after treatment with Nordhausen oil of vitriol, or by partial so- 

 lutions in dilute spirit. It is essential to crystallize twice from 

 purified naphtha, and then from spirit of wine. The substance 

 so purified, and whether derived from a varied or even inverse 

 method of preparation, melts at 51 0, 31. This number is a mean 

 of the means of several sets of experiments : there were 120 ob- 

 servations in all ; and three thermometers were employed. 



Dinitrotoluol. — The product of the action of a mixture of 

 hydric nitrate with hydric sulphate upon purified toluol, when 

 crystallized twice from naphtha and afterwards from spirit, 

 melted at a mean temperature of 69°*23 (84 obs., 2 thermome- 

 ters). The observations were made with considerable difficulty. 



The liquid mononitrotoluol above referred to is converted into 

 dinitrotoluol by contact with nitrous nitrate in the cold. The 

 purified product melted at 69°'17 (30 obs., 2 therms.) ; but after 

 keeping for 19 months, the fusion-point, as ascertained hy a 

 small number of special observations, had risen to 69°-6 nearly. 



Solid nitrotoluol, w T hen treated with nitrous nitrate on the 

 small scale, furnished a dinitrotoluol melting at 69°*17 (15 obs., 

 1 therm.). When eight times the previous proportions were 

 taken, the product fused at 69 0, 57 (36 obs., 1 therm.). 



Trinitrotoluol. — Purified toluol was nitrated with nitrous 

 nitrate, and afterwards with a mixture of that nitrate with Nord- 

 hausen vitriol. After crystallization from naphtha and spirit, 

 the product (FJ had a constant fusion-point, which was not 

 altered by boiling for 36 hours with nitrous nitrate. This tem- 

 perature also agreed with that at which an old specimen (E) 

 melted after fresh crystallization. ¥~ v F 2 , andE together furnished 

 as a mean result the number 78°'85 (103 obs., 2 therms.). 



The liquid mononitrotoluol previously referred to as purified 

 by filtration at —17° and distilling, was converted into trinitro- 

 toluol by heating with a mixture of nitrous nitrate and Nord- 

 hausen vitriol. [It may, however, be formed by an hour's ebul- 

 lition with a mixture of equal volumes of common hydric nitrate 

 and oil of vitriol. Such ease in nitration is unusual in this 

 group of bodies.] The product (K) , purified as before, melted 

 at78°*88(ll obs., 1 therm.) — a result which did not invite further 

 investigation. 



Pure solid mononitrotoluol was treated for some time with 

 Nordhausen vitriol and nitrous nitrate ; but the fusion-point of 

 the product did not become regular until the operation had been 

 repeated. The substance (M) then melted at 80 o, 54 (70 obs., 



