connected with the Boiling of Liquids. 95 



Experiment 6. — Wide tube of 1| inch in this and the next 

 two experiments. 



Bath 315 Water 220. Burst of vapour. 

 216. 

 to 325 222. Burst. 



216. 

 315 to 325 224. Burst. 



216. Boiling steadily. 



Experiment 7. — Ordinary Thames-water used; it was neither 

 filtered nor boiled beforehand. 



Bath 300 Water 210. First bubble. 



212. Boiling regularly ; but after about twenty 



minutes the boiling became irregular. 



310 217- Boiling regularly. There were particles 



of flocculent matter in the water which 



acted as nuclei. 



Experiment 8. — With distilled water. A piece of cocoanut- 

 shell charcoal was in the tube, care being taken not to touch it 

 except with a clean glass rod. The charcoal had been previously 

 boiled three times in water, and had been repeatedly placed 

 under water in a nearly good vacuum. During the first ex- 

 haustion much air escaped from the charcoal ; but in the last 

 exhaustion it was difficult to get a bubble from it. 



o o 



Bath about 300. Water 214. Boiling regularly J no jerks or 



bursts of vapour until fully 

 half the water had been 

 boiled away, when the bulb 

 of the thermometer became 

 uncovered and the experi- 

 ment was stopped. 



Experiment 9. — Spirits of wine, boiling at 170°, heated in 

 test-tube about J inch diameter in water- bath. 



o o 



Bath 190 Spirit 1/0. A constant stream of small bubbles 

 rising. 

 190 174. Bubbles larger ; the boiling more irre- 



gular ; it then ceased for two or three 

 minutes. 

 200 184. Burst of vapour, and the temperature 



fell. 



Experiment 10. — Absolute alcohol. Boiling-point 176°. 



Bath 190 Alcohol 160. Minute bubbles rising. 



200 170. Bubbles larger, and all from one point 



on stem of thermometer. 

 204 178. Boiling constant from the nuclear point. 



