Wind and Gravitation Theories of Oceanic Circulation. 245 





A. 



B. 



C. 



Depth in 

 fathoms. 



Lat. 37° 54' N . 



Lat. 23° 10' N. 



Mean of six temperature- 



Long. 41° 44' W. 



Long. 38° 42' W. 



soundings near equator. 



Temperature. 



Temperature. 



Depth in 

 fathoms. 



Temperature. 



Surface. 



70-0 



o 

 720 



Surface. 



77-°9 



100 



63-5 



670 



10 



77-2 



200 



60-6 



57-6 



20 



771 



300 



600 



525 



30 



76-9 



400 



54-8 



47-7 



40 



71-7 



500 



46-7 



43-7 



50 



640 



600 



41 6 



417 



60 



60-4 



700 



406 



406 



70 



59-4 



800 



38-1 



39-4 



80 



58-0 



900 



378 



39-2 



90 



580 



looo 



37-9 



38-3 



100 



55-6 



1100 



37 1 



380 



150 



510 



1200 



371 



37-6 



200 



46-6 



1300 



37-2 



36-7 



300 



42-2 



1400 



371 



369 



400 



40-3 



1500 





36-7 



500 



38-9 



2700 



35 : 2 





600 



39-2 



2720 





35-4 



700 



800 



900 



1000 



1100 



1200 



1300 



1400 



1500 



Bottom 



390 

 391 

 38-2 

 36 9 

 376 

 36-7 

 35-8 

 36-4 

 36-1 

 34-7 



On computing the extent to which the three columns A, B, 

 and C are each expanded by heat, according to Muncke's Table 

 of the expansion of sea-water for every degree Fahrenheit, I 

 found that column B, in order to be in equilibrium with C (the 

 equatorial column), would require to have its surface standing 

 fully 2 feet 6 inches above the level of column C, and column A 

 fully 3 feet 6 inches above that column. In short, it is evident 

 that there must be a gradual rise from the equator to latitude 

 38° N. of 3J feet. Any one can verify the accuracy of these 

 results by making the necessary computations for himself; and 

 he will find that, for columns of equal weight, column A is longer 

 than column C by 3^ feet, and column B longer than column C 

 by 21 feet. 



I may observe that had column C extended to the same depth 

 as columns A and B, the difference of level would be consider- 

 ably greater ; for column C requires to balance only that portion 



