of Oceanic Circulation. 



287 



Table of the Expansion of Sea-water according to, the Experi- 

 ments of Professor Muncke, of Heidelberg. Erom Twelfth 

 Number of ' Meteorological Papers, published by the Board of 

 Trade/ 



Temp. 



Expansion. 



Temp. 



Expansion. 



Temp. 



Expansion. 



3§ 



1-00000 



o 



49 



1-00098 



o 



66 



100279 



38 



1-00004 



50 



1-00107 



67 



1-00292 



34 



1-00007 



51 



100116 



68 



1-00305 



35 



1-00011 



52 



1-00125 



69 



1-00319 



36 



1-00015 



53 



1-00134 



70 



1-00332 



37 



1-00020 



54 



100143 



71 



1-00347 



38 



1-00025 



55 



100153 



72 



1-00361 



39 



1-00030 



56 



1-00163 



73 



1-00375 



40 



100036 



57 



100173 



74 



1-00390 



41 



1-00041 



58 



1-00184 



75 



1-00406 



42 



1-00047 



59 



1-00195 



76 



100421 



43 



100054 



60 



1-00207 



77 



1-00436 



44 



1-00061 



61 



1-00218 • 



78 



1-00453 



45 



1 '00068 



62 



•1-00238 



79 



1-00468 



46 



1-00076 



63 



100242 



80 



100484 



47 



1-00083 



64 



1-00254 



81 



1-00500 



48 



1-00091 



65 



1 



1-00266 



82 



1-00517 



The following is the extent by which the three columns A, 

 B, and C (pp. 244, 245) are each lengthened by heat above what 

 they would be were the water of the uniform temperature of 32° 

 Eahr., the expansion of A and B below the level of the bottom 

 of C not being, of course, taken into account. 



Column A, lat. 38° N 8-05 feet. 



Column B, lat. 23° N 7'22 feet. 



Column C, equator 4*52 feet. 



Thus column C (the equatorial) is shorter than column B by 

 2*70 feet, and than column A by 3*53 feet. 



The fundamental arguments of the advocates of the gravitation 

 theory. — 1. The gravitation theorists base their argument on two 

 principal assumptions which cannot be conceded. Eirst, they 

 maintain that the existence of polar water in the depths of the 

 ocean is consistent with their theory only; and, secondly, they 

 assume as a necessary condition of the wind theory that the 

 understratum of the ocean should consist of warm water. It is 

 a well recognized fact that the ocean beyond the reach of sun- 

 heat is occupied with water of a polar temperature ; and they 

 therefore point triumphantly to this fact as at once a proof of 

 their position and a conclusive argument against the wind 

 theory. But, on the other side, it will not be difficult to show 

 that the existence of cold water throughout the ocean depths is 



