MM. Brogger and Reusch on Giants* Kettles at Christiania. 3.27 



23. " The Hematite Deposits of Whitehaven and Furness." By 

 J. D. Kendall, Esq., F.G.S. 



The deposits of hematite occur in the Silurian and Carboniferous 

 rocks, but chiefly in the latter ; and nearly all those worked in the 

 two districts are found in the Mountain-limestone. They occur at 

 all levels in the limestone, and generally near faults ; their dip is 

 the same as that of the beds in which they lie. Their longest axis 

 almost always corresponds with the magnetic meridian. Their 

 internal nature varies at the two localities. The Whitehaven 

 hematite is much more compact than that of Furness. In the 

 latter place it contains fossils from the Carboniferous Limestone. 



The author considers the hematites to have been deposited by 

 water, coming probably from the Coal-measures, containing bi- 

 carbonate of iron. The author believes that they were probably 

 deposited after the Millstone-grit but before the Permian. 



24. "Notes on the Physical Characters and Mineralogy of New- 

 foundland." By John Milne, Esq., E.G.S. 



In this paper the author described in considerable detail the 

 physical characters of the island of Newfoundland with regard to its 

 surface- configuration and coast-outline, the traces of ice-action dis- 

 played in it, and its mineral resources. The details of the latter are 

 given under the heads of the various localities visited by the author. 



25. " Notes on the Sinaitic Peninsula and North-western Arabia." 

 By John Milne, Esq., F.G.S. 



In this paper the author described in great detail the geological 

 observations made by him during a journey in company with Dr. 

 Beke in the Sinaitic peninsula. 



26. " Giants' Kettles at Christiania." By MM. W. C. Brogger 

 and H. H. Reusch. 



The authors first refer to the popular notices about Giants' kettles, 

 and describe in detail a number of these pits, which were examined 

 and emptied near Christiania. They then mention the theories 

 concerning their origin. From their own facts and reading they 

 conclude that many of these remarkable pits were made at the 

 bottom of " Moulins " during a glacial period, when the locality was 

 covered with ice on the scale of existing ice in Greenland. The 

 contents of these pits are traced to tbeir parent rocks, which are 

 higher up towards the great valley of Gudbrandsdal, in which glacial 

 phenomena abound. They are inclined to conclude that moraine- 

 matter was washed off the glacier-ice from time to time, and left 

 in the pits at last. 



November 4, 1874. — John Evans, Esq., F.R.S., President, 

 in the Chair. 



The following communication was read : — 



" Notes on the Comparative Microscopic Rock-structure of some 

 Ancient and Modern Volcanic Rocks." By J. Clifton Ward, Esq., 

 F.G.S. 



The author stated at the outset that his object was to compare 



