AND VICINITY. 107 



one, rarelv three ; remote, three to five inches ; cylindric ; about an inch 

 long, loose-flowered, often much longer with scattered alternate fruit on a 

 zigzag rachis. Perieynia rarely globose, with a short beak contracted from 

 its base ; commonly trigonal, narrowed below, bearing a distinct rostrum 

 nearly a line in length, which is turned obliquely outward to a greater or 

 less degree; or frequently long-oval tapering upward, two lines in length, 

 bending with the short beak slightly to one side ; nerved ; quite smooth. 

 Rostrum rarelv bidentate, and hairy at the orifice or down the inside ; 

 usually entire and obliquely truncated. Achenium short, triquetrous, with 

 sharp angles ; tristigmatic ; stigmas long, exserted one or two lines beyond 

 the beak. Scales ovate, acute, shorter than the perigynia ; with green keels 

 and red margins. Staminate spike single, distant two to four inches from 

 the highest pistillate one ; long-elliptical ; with lanceolate, nearly obtuse, 

 brown scales ; frequently having its peduncle bent at the base, or some- 

 times refracted even to a right angle. 



Shady humid banks around the swamp in TTest-Bergen, Genesee county; 

 chiefly within the circle of arbor vita?, but among other low evergreens in 

 half-open places and rivulet-sides on the southern border, sometimes in 

 company with C. gynocrates. 



This species has been found before in Northern America only at Riviere 

 dn Lonp on the St.Lawrence recently by W. Boott, at Montreal formerly by 

 W. F . Macrae, and in the Saskatchewan district long ago. In Europe it is an 

 alpine plant, ranging from the Swiss Alps to Lapland and Iceland. 



Local. June. 



LIVTDA, Wahlenberg. Livid Carex. 



Cold marshes. Formerly in the Oriskany swamp, Knieskern : Gray : Vasey. 

 Litchfield, south Herkimer county, nearly a mile southwest of Jerusalem 

 hill, in the center of a deep swamp among the East dry-lots, one of the 

 sources of the Unadilla river. The open lowest part is a marly bog, coveied 

 in many places or scattered over all, with this most rare and interesting 

 species. Local. 



var. radicalis. Radical-fertile-spiked Livid Carex. 



"With the typical form, on the State marsh. Litchfield. Spikes two, one 

 staminate and one pistillate, on separate peduncles, both springing together 

 from the root ; that of the fertile spike nearly as long as the culm of the 

 sterile, erect. 



Specimens of this variety are very scarce, perhaps two or three occurring 

 in a hundred of the regular species. The same variation has been observed 

 by Dr. Knieskern in the swamps about Manchester, N.J. June. July. 



tetanica, Schkuhr. Crooked-beaked Carex. 



Swampy meadows. To be looked for on the upland marshes among the hill- 

 tops of south Herkimer county. Junius, Seneca count}-, Sartwell. 



Rare. June. 



woodii, Dewey. Discovered by W. A. Wood. 



River-banks, shores. On an island in Perch lake, Wood: Crawe: Dewey. 

 Dexter, Jefferson county, Vasey. Rare. June. 



OLIGOCArpa, Schkuhr. Few-fruited Carex. 



Dry copses Borders of sandy plains, Rome, Knieskern. Banks of Wood 

 creek between New-London and Oneida lake, Gray : Gram. § Cyp. Penn- 

 Yan, Yates county. Sartwell in herb. Ham. Coll. Rare. June. 



hitchcockiana, Dewey. Dedicated to Edward Hitchcock. 



Open woods. "Watertown, Jefferson county, Crawe, Gray in Hare plants of 

 Northern N.Y.: Gram. § Cyp. Auburn, Cayuga county, /. Carey. Penn- 

 Yan, Yates county, Sartwell . Sandy grove-lands on the Ridge road near 

 Irondequoit bay, Monroe county, L. Holzer. Abundant south of Rochester, 

 Dewey. Infrequent. June, 



