1873.] JTJBD THE SECONDARY ROCKS OF SCOTLAND. 151 



shelly limestones, and containing very numerous marine fossils (see 

 fig. 14, e, page 143). Although these strata are unquestionably ma- 

 rine, yet the nature of the beds, the assemblage of genera in their 

 fauna, the dwarfed condition of the Oysters and some other forms, 

 and the abundance of fragments of carbonaceous matter lead us to 

 regard them as formed under comparatively shallow-water conditions ; 

 and, as we have already seen, they graduate into the estuarine 

 strata below. These beds are tolerably well exposed in a number of 

 reefs on the shore, a little to the north-east of Dunrobin Castle, 

 which reefs have a nearly E. and \V. strike, and a northerly dip of 

 from 12° to 15°. The nature, order of succession, and palaeonto- 

 logical features of these strata are shown in the Table (p. 150), the 

 thicknesses being partly measured, and partly estimated. 



The species of fossils derived from these beds, which I have been 

 able to accurately determine, are as follows, the majority being ob- 

 tained from the division marked (7) : — 



Fossils of the Lower Lias Limestones and Shales. Dunrobin Reefs. 



Belemnites acutus, Mill, (abundant, but .small). 



Ammonites caprotmus, UOrb. (abundant, but badly preserved). 



, sp. (rare). 



■ oxynotus, Querist, (tolerably abundant). 



, var. (rare). 



Panoptea, sp. 



Phoiadomya ambigua, Sow., var. 



' S P- 



Pleuromya unioides, Bom., sp. 



Tancredia?, sp. 



Hippopodium, sp. 



Cardinia lanceolata, Stutch., sp. (not rare). 



-, var. 



bybrida, Sow., sp. (very abundant). 



Unicardium cardioides, Phil., sp. 



Modiola, spec. nov. 



Mytilus (Modiola) numismalis, Oppel. 



Pecten, sp. 



liasinus, Nyst. 



tumidus, Ziet. 



textorius, Schloth. 



sublsevis, Phil. 



Pinna Hartmanni, Ziet. 



Lima Koninckana?, Chap, et Dew. (rare). 



punctata, Sow. (rare). 



pectinoides, Sow., sp. (very abundant). 



Ostrea?, sp. 



Gryphrca obliqua, Sow. (rare). 



, Sow. Dwarfed variety of Quenstedt (very abundant). 



Rhynclionella tetrahedra, Sow. (abundant). 



variabilis, Schloth., var. triplicata, Phil. 



Wood, &c. 



The series of estuarine and associated marine strata which we 

 have been describing was noticed by Sir Roderick Murchison in his 

 earliest memoir. Unfortunately the fossils then collected by him 

 were few in number, and the determination made of them not of a 



