1873.] JUDD THE SECONDARY ROCKS OE SCOTLAND. 183 



boat-harbour of Navidale and Dunglass, or Green-Table Point. 

 They are also exposed, but more obscurely, in a small ravine be- 

 tween Wester Garty Burn and Allt-nan-Gabhar (Culgour Burn). 



These strata form the highest beds of Secondary age which are 

 exposed in situ on the east coast of Scotland. 



At Eathie Bay, two miles south of Cromarty, there is a very in- 

 teresting exposure of the Upper-Oolite rocks. The relations of the 

 Secondary strata at this place to the Silurian and Old Bed Sand- 

 stone, and the remarkable manner in which they have been rolled 

 and crumpled, and are traversed by pseudo-dykes, has been already 

 described (see pages 126, 127, figs. 9, 10, 11). 



These beds have usually been regarded, chiefly on account of their 

 mineralogical character, as of Liassic age ; but the details which I 

 shall give concerning their fauna will show conclusively that they 

 exhibit palaeontological characters identical with those of the shales, 

 grits, and limestones of Sutherland, which, as we have seen, belong 

 to the Upper-Oolite period. 



In lithological characters these beds at Eathie present some slight 

 differences from the contemporary strata to the northward. In the 

 southern of the two patches in Eathie Bay we find beds of hard, very 

 finely laminated shale alternating with bands of argillaceous lime- 

 stone. The beds of shale often contain nodules of argillaceous lime- 

 stone and septaria ; and these sometimes enclose large and very finely 

 preserved Ammonites. Both the beds of limestone and those of shale, 

 especially the former, are often crowded with fossils. The most 

 abundant forms are :■ — Ammonites, often of small size, and in prodi- 

 gious abundance, belonging to the groups of the Cordati and Planu- 

 lati ; Belemnites, belonging to the remarkably elongated and slender 

 species described by Professor Phillips under the names of B. spicu~ 

 laris and B. obeliscus ; and numerous bivalves, among which Lima 

 concentriccij Sow., sp., is specially conspicuous, while Ostrea Roemeri, 

 Quenst., is by no means rare, though generally dwarfed. The 

 abundance of Ammonites, especially of specimens of small size, which 

 occur in clusters containing individuals scarcely exceeding a pin's 

 head in size, is a marked feature. The beds yield also very beautifully 

 preserved fish-remains, saurian bones, and many plants, among which 

 Conifers, Perns, and Cycads are especially conspicuous. In all these 

 respects we see the close similarity of these beds to the Upper 

 Oolites of Sutherland. On account of the contorted state of the 

 strata at Eathie, it is very difficult to make out their order of succes- 

 sion ; but beds of calcareous grit appear on the shore, which appa- 

 rently underlie the shales and limestones. 



The most northern patch at Eathie exhibits strata composed of 

 much coarser materials — namely, sandy black carbonaceous shales, 

 coarse grits, sometimes calcareous and passing into shelly limestones, 

 and sandstones ; and these much more nearly resemble the equiva- 

 lent strata of Sutherland. Marine shells are somewhat rare in them, 

 but they abound in fronds of ferns, wood, &c, and contain also 

 numerous fish-scales. 



The presence of a thin carbonaceous band, and the abundance of 



