1873.] CAMPBELL — ©LACTATION OF IRELAND. 215 



map, the lower marks trend S.W., and avoid the mountains where 

 they are not the marks of local glaciers born amongst the high glens, 

 and high hills. 



XIII. The United Systems of Great Britain and Ireland. — I now 

 believe that Ireland was, like Greenland, entirely covered, that it be- 

 came, like Iceland, partially uncovered, and then, like Scandinavia, 

 nearly bare. But I cannot believe that Ireland ever was a patch of 

 land covered by an equal area of thick ice bounded by the sea. 

 During its Greenland period the Irish system must have been united 

 to Scotland. Having got to Red Bay in Antrim I took a cast north- 

 wards by Fairhead to see what I could find there. As I have said, 

 the Antrim hills are made of basalt and trap and chalk ; and Antrim 

 drift generally is made of Antrim rocks. At Cushendal are many 

 great blocks of grey mica-schist ; and these are strewn over the 

 northern end of the Antrim hills, together with other stones which 

 commonly occur in " Northern Drift." Along the sea-coast are 

 steep grounds along which the road runs uphill and down. Some 

 of the rocks hereabouts are metamorphic, with veins and dykes of 

 granite in them ; but I could find nothing in situ like the large grey 

 erratics. Along this coast striae run horizontally, and point at the 

 sea-horizon north of the Mull of Ceantire, and towards the glen at 

 the foot of Slieve Mish, which leads S.W. towards Galway Bay. Near 

 the Preventive Station the hill-tops are white chalk, bare, or barely 

 covered by fine green turf. There, and at Fairhead, up to heights 

 of 850 and 1100 feet above the sea, numerous large erratics of the 

 same heavy hard grey mica-schist rest conspicuous upon the hill- tops. 

 At some places the builders of stone circles have gathered the largest 

 blocks to crown the highest top, while smaller blocks are scattered 

 where they fell. Along this ridge to the cliff at Fairhead these great 

 erratics are strewn over the chalk. Produce lines ruled upon the 

 hill-sides about Fairhead, upon a map, and they pass near Loch 

 Killesport in Argyllshire. There, near Ormsary, is the largest 

 erratic which I have seen in the British Isles. Thence glacial strias 

 cross the water-shed into Loch Fyne, and run up Loch-Fyne side-, 

 past Inveraray, where all the hills are glaciated till they lead up to 

 hills near Tigh an Dromma, about Loch Awe, Loch Lomond, Glen- 

 falloch, Glen Dochart, &c. in the Perthshire highlands. But rocks 

 and erratics in Ceantire, in Cowal, and about the central highlands 

 of Scotland, cannot be distinguished from the erratics upon the chalk 

 hills at Fairhead in Antrim. 



XIV. Maps. — If a man could grow on the scale of a mile to the 

 inch, he could see all Scotland at a glance. The ordnance survey of 

 Scotland, drawn on the scale of an inch to a mile, has now advanced 

 so far that four sheets joined give common men a giant's view of 

 the low country between the Forth and Clyde, with parts of the 

 highlands to the north and south. 



Looking down upon this miniature country as a giant seventy 

 miles high might look upon Scotland, we can see that it is crossed 

 diagonally by a big groove with a broken ridge in the middle of it. 

 After sun-down on a fine clear cold evening, November 13, 1872, I 



