354 PROCEEDINGS OP THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Feb. 26, 



Baycliff, and, secondly, the occurrence of large boulders, generally 

 angular, in the overlying gravel and sand, as in the section at the 

 Ulverstone Kailway Station *. The first fact may be seen exemplified 

 not only in Furness, but all along the coast of the Irish Sea, and, 

 indeed, wherever Lower Boulder-clay or pinnel makes its appearance. 

 The very large boulders (with exceedingly few exceptions) are not 

 distributed through its mass, but occur in the lower part in such a 

 way as to suggest that little or no clay had been accumulated when 

 they were transported. The second fact, namely the occurrence of 

 large boulders in the middle gravel and sand, is characteristic of this 

 formation only in the neighbourhood of hilly districts. The finer gravel 

 and sand of the plains contain no boulders ; and this may be explained 

 by the supposition that tbey were deposited partly while floating ice 

 was limited to the neighbourhood of the mountains, and partly during 

 an intraglacial period when floating ice had everywhere disappeared. 

 At the commencement, or towards the commencement, of the middle 

 drift period, and during the accumulation of the upland representative 

 of the lower part of this drift, namely the angular stony red loam of 

 the mountain-slopes, many large blocks were transported to short 

 distances, and a few probably to great distances from their parent 

 rocks. These blocks are generally angular or subangular, and very 

 little glaciated, while the great boulders, which must have been dis- 

 persed before or at the commencement of the Lower Boulder-clay 

 period, are almost invariably more or less rounded and generally well 

 glaciated. In some places, I believe, the two kinds of erratics have 

 become mixed. 



On the sea-coast of Morecambe Bay, between Carnforth and More- 

 cambe, many large boulders may be seen where the Lower Boulder- 

 clay makes its appearance. This remark applies to the neighbour- 

 hood of Blackpool f and other places further south. A number of 

 very large boulders may be seen in Peel Park, Salford ; but I am 

 not aware of the precise positions they occupied when found. Near 

 the entrance to the Liverpool Free Library and Museum there is 

 a boulder of felspathic breccia measuring 4x3x2 feet, which is 

 said to have been found at a great depth in the Boulder-clay of the 

 neighbourhood. It is intensely glaciated J. 



* At Carnforth village a deposit of sand contains two enormous limestone 

 boulders, one of them measuring 9| X 9 J X 5 feet. Towards the base of tbe great 

 gravel- and sand-section at the railway station, there are many small boulders. 



t For a detailed account of the Blackpool drifts by the author, see Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. sxv. p. 407. 



| I lately examined the wonderful striated pavement of Triassic sandstone, 

 discovered some time ago by Mr. Moreton, F.G.S., near North Hill Street, 

 Prince's Road, Liverpool. The principal or parallel grooves point to N. 35° W. ; 

 and a few cross grooves run between N.. 38° W. and N. 50° W. On a sandstone 

 surface lately cleared of upper or brick clay (a little north of St. Silas's Church) 

 I found very distinct grooves vanishing under and linearly reappearing from 

 under scattered portions of a hard crust of arenaceous matter similar to the 

 more gritty parts of the Lower Boulder-clay at Dawpool. Is this crust a rem- 

 nant of the gritty matter with which the ice ground down and striated the rock- 

 surface beneath and around ? Was this striated pavement (which is very fiat) 

 formed by an iceberg which, on grounding, generated a degree of heat capable 



