1873.] STOW — GKIQUALAND WEST. 407 



aerial origin. In Persia and Baloochistan, on the borders of what 

 appear to be old lakes, is a vast accumulation of detritus, occasion- 

 ally containing large blocks of rock, and sometimes ten miles in 

 breadth. The thickness in places appears to be at least 1000 feet ; 

 and the whole of this deposit he ascribed to the wash from the hills. 

 He pointed out that the old division of all geological deposits into 

 primary, secondary, &c. was not applicable in India, and, in fact, 

 offered obstacles to research. 



Prof. Hull commenced his reply by reading a letter from Prof. 

 Ramsay, who agreed with him that the beds in question at Armagh 

 were of truly Permian age. He maintained, in opposition to Mr. 

 Austen, that there was to be traced a great break between the Per- 

 mian and Triassic strata. There was, according to bis view, as 

 great an unconformity between these beds as there was between the 

 Carboniferous and the Permian. The lines of flexure and disturb- 

 ance at the commencement and close of the Permian period had 

 been in different directions, and had, he thought, led to some of the 

 discrepancies mentioned by Prof. Hughes. He insisted on the cor- 

 respondence between the beds at Armagh and those of Worcester- 

 shire and Shropshire. As to the difference between the old Permian 

 drift below and the Quaternary drift above, it required to be seen to 

 be appreciated, and was hardly susceptible of description. The old 

 drift, however, was redder and bore greater traces of stratification 

 than the newer drift above. He could not regard the Permian 

 Boulder-beds as belonging to the New Red Sandstone, by which 

 they are, in fact, overlain at the city of Armagh itself. A few 

 limestone pebbles had been found in the old Boulder-beds, but 

 none of them striated ; but he did not consider this circumstance 

 of much importance. His main point was the occurrence of 

 Roth-todt-liegende beds in Ireland, where only the Zechsjein had 

 previously been known. 



2. Geological Notes on Gkiqtt aland West. 

 By G. W. Stow, Esq., F.G.S. 

 [Abstract*.] 

 The geological results of a journey made by Mr. G. W. Stow and 

 Mr. F. H. S. Orpen from the Orange Free State into Griqualand 

 West are communicated by Mr. Stow in this paper, with numerous 

 carefully executed sections and a geological map based on the survey 

 map prepared by Mr. Orpen for the Government. From the junc- 

 tion of the Riet and Modder rivers (south of the Panneveldt Dia- 

 mond-fields) westward to the junction of the Vaal and the Orange, 

 over the Great Campbell Plateau to Griquatown, Ongeluk, Matsap, 

 Potgieter, the Langeberg, Witte Zand, and to Kheis and the Schurwe 

 Bergen, the track traversed three degrees of longitude, but nearly 

 300 miles of road. The return route north-east to Mount Huxley 

 and Daniel's Kuil, and eastward to Likatlong, on the Hart or Kolang 

 River, was nearly as long ; and its results form part of the present 

 * The publication of this paper is deferred. 



