422 proceedings of the geological societt. [ilay 28, 



Mat 28, 1873. 



Eobert Pictor, Esq., Box, Wilts ; Thomas Devine, Esq., of Toronto, 

 Canada ; and Charles Smith Seyton, Esq., C.E., Preston Lodge, 

 Walton-on-Thames, were elected Eellows of the Society. 



The following communications were read : — 



1. The Glaciatiox of the Northern part of ^Lake-district. By 

 J. Clieton Ward, Esq., E.G.S., Assoc. E.S.M., of the Geological 

 Survey of England and Wales. 



[Plate XV.] 



Contents. 

 I. Introduction. 

 II. Leading questions suggested. 



III. Direction and height of the ice-scratches. 



1. Eorrowdaie. 



2. Thirlmere Valley. 



3. Keswick Vale. 



4. Buttermere and Lorton Valley. 



5. Ennerdale. 



6. Ullswater Valley. 



IV. Moraines and boulders. 



1. Various kinds of moraine-like mounds. 



2. Moraines. 



3. Boulders. 

 V. Drift Deposits. 



1. Till. 



2. Drift-gravel. 



3. Sand and gravel. 



VI. Land-contour at various stages of submergence. 

 VII. Axioms to be borne in mind in drawing conclusions. 

 VIII. Conclusions. 



1. Ice-sheet or confluent-glacier period. 



2. Mild interglacial period and submergence. 



a. Sand and gravel mounds. 



b. Amount of submergence. 



c. Direction of marine currents. 



3. Period of local glaciers and re-elevation. 

 IX. Summary. 



I. Introduction - . 



The district to which the following paper relates, belongs to the 

 northern half of the English Lake-country. The observations now 

 laid before the Society, with the leave of the Director-General of 

 the Geological Survey, have been collected during the past three 

 years while engaged in the official examination of the geology of 

 the district. The area (map, PI. XV.) is for the most part included 

 within the one-inch Ordnance map 101 S.E. It contains four 

 large valleys immediately north of the main watershed of the 

 country, three of which, the vales of Thirlmere, of Borrowdale, and 

 of Buttermere and Lorton, drain northward ; the fourth, the vale 

 of Ennerdale, drains westwards. Another, the vale of Keswick, 

 drains westward also, including under this head the country between 

 Mell Pell on the east, and Bassenthwaite Lake on the west. The 



