424 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May 28, 



Moreover, among the transported blocks, there are not found any 

 of rocks foreign to the district as a whole. Hence, I think, we may 

 conclude — 



1. That the glaciating agent did not work in the main from north 

 to south. 



2. That the ice did not come from without the district. 



It may be objected to this that any effects produced by a great 

 northern ice-cap passing over the district were effaced by the subse- 

 quent local glaciers ; but I cannot think that this is very probable ; 

 surely some foreign boulders would have been left ; at any rate, the 

 burden of proof lies with the advocates of this great mountain- 

 ignoring ice-cap. 



The third question, just referred to, namely the part played by 

 floating ice, local glaciers, or sheet-ice in the work of glaciation, can 

 only be answered by a careful consideration of the facts. These 

 may be dealt with under the following heads : — 



Direction and height of the ice-scratches. 



Moraines and boulders. 



Drift deposits. 



III. Direction and Height of the Ice- scratches. 



The general directions of the scratches will be seen at a glance in 

 the accompanying map (PI. XV.) ; and only a few words of expla- 

 nation must be given for each principal valley. 



1. Borrowdale. — From the upper end of Derwent Water to the 

 higher reaches of Borrowdale the rock-groovings are very nume- 

 rous. It will be seen that the scratches follow mainly the direction 

 of the several valleys in which they occur, and the direction upon 

 some of the mountain-ridges or tablelands between two parallel 

 valleys is the same as that of the valleys. For instance, a great 

 series of N.N.W. and S.S.E. scratches is found ranging from Ull- 

 scarf (1) to the head of Derwent Water, at all heights from a 

 little over 2000 feet downwards ; these point straight down the 

 Watendlath Valley, and pass completely over the Watendlath and 

 Grange Fells with a very uniform direction. The ridge separating 

 Greenup Gill from Longstrath is likewise crossed by scratches 

 taking the direction of the valleys on either side ; and some occur at 

 a height of 1750 feet. Rosthwaite Fell, just north-east of Glara- 

 mara (2) forms the western side of the Longstrath Valley; and 

 while many scratches are found to run with the latter, there are 

 some few crossing the Fell above in a JST.N.W. direction at a height 

 of 2000 feet. 



On the western side of the Derwent, wherever a side combe or 

 valley opens into the main one, sets of tributary groovings join 

 the main-valley series, as from Sourmilk Combe above Seathwaite, 

 from the valley between Seatoller and Honister Pass, and the 

 steep little valley just north of High Scawdel. It is to be noted 

 however, that the main-valley scratches pass over the Fell between 

 the plumbago-mine (just above Seathwaite) and the valley leading 



