440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May 28, 



some of the same directions as they had previously been carried by 

 glacier-ice. 



11. A current also probably swept from north to south along the 

 north-western outskirts of the district in question, when the land 

 stood at about the 1200 contour, either during the submergence, or 

 during the re-elevation, or possibly during both. The skirts of this 

 current carried the ice-borne boulders from Sale Fell southwards on 

 to Broom Fell. 



12. The situation of stranded boulders in many parts of the dis- 

 trict makes it probable that the submergence reached to rather more 

 than 2000 feet. 



13. On the re-elevation of the district there was a second land- 

 glaciation, all the higher valleys being more or less filled with ice, 

 which cleared away any marine drift deposited in them ; but it 

 would seem that the ice attained nothing like its former extension, 

 as no moraines are found upon the subangular drift-gravel of the 

 wider valleys. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. 



Map showing the direction and height of the ice-scratches, together with old 

 lake-beds in the northern part of the lake-district. 



Discussion. 



Mr. Campbell stated that he had not visited the district. He 

 thanked the author for his able statement of facts. He agreed with 

 his reasoning, which proved the former existence of a " local ice- 

 system " equal to Irish, Welsh, and Scotch systems, in the districts 

 which he had examined and described. With reference to the position 

 of certain boulders at high levels and their transport, it seemed to be 

 an open question, worth the author's consideration on the ground, 

 whether these stones had floated over deep water on ice-rafts, or 

 had been moved by the flowing of deep ice when these hollows 

 were full to the level indicated, and when British local systems 

 were united. In similar cases he had been led to the latter expla- 

 nation of facts which he had observed in Ireland and elsewhere. 



Prof. PiAmsat complimented the author on the careful manner in 

 which he had worked out his subject, He thought, however, that 

 many of the principal features described had already been sketched 

 out, though no doubt much knowledge had been added as to details. 

 As to the question of general glaciation, he thought it probable that 

 much of the northern part of Europe had at one time been coated 

 with ice, and to such an extent that it occupied the greater part of 

 the bed of the shallow seas. But even if there were this great ice- 

 sheet, and the general direction of its flow was from north to south, 

 yet there might, in the body of the ice, be upper and undercurrents, 

 going to a certain extent in opposite directions, and mainly guided 

 by the surface configuration of the ground beneath. He thought 

 that some trace of this might be found in existing hilly regions, 

 and that, especially in deep valleys, the upper portion of the ice 

 must, of necessity, have had a tendency to pass over that which 



