TWO DOLLAHS A YEAR.) 



'PROGRESS AXD IMI'IiOVKMENX.-' 



[SINGLE NO. FOITK CENTS. 



VOL X. -NO. 7. 



ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1859. 



) WHOLE NO. 475. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



ECEAI, I.ITEIIAKV AND VWiU.X NEIY3TAPER. 



With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 



HINTS FOR FEBRUARY. 



'I'm weatuei oj the present » inter, ibmt far, I 



been quite rem irkable kltl gb ire n Ik) I 



ou>s*for proof ftfthefnef, wcMhiuP' 





mor, cause Intc meals, cross looks, nut! t deal of 



schicf. A cord "I" the pnorcsl wood you cnn get, 



nicely split up nnd stacked under cover far six 



ontli?, «ill bum well— almost us good as the best. 



The horte*. of course, like llieirowner, haio been 

 recruiting nil the winter, getting ready Air ;i bind 

 li i | work. Tins ix not the tune to stint 

 them. They will well repuy for nil the extra care 

 they gfit iu the winter. A little exercise and good 

 feed will enable them to go through their season's 

 ork iu good heart. 



We In In iu in good living for all cattle, but cows 

 about this time should receive particular at ten! ion 

 If you want fat and thrifty calves, take care of the 



ws. If the time is near at hand when any cow 



the herd is about to " come in," separate her 

 from the rest, and give her good quarters — free 

 from confinement of the neck or bead. Where 

 cows are stabled accidents me frequent, and even 

 when at liberty watchfulness .should he exercised 

 on the part of the farmer. The only use in keeping 

 cows is for their yield of milk nnd butter, and they 

 will be remunerating just in proportion as they are 

 well provided with the right kind of food. The 

 grist must he put into the hopper, or the mill works 

 in vain. Good feed is required by the cow in 

 abundance, or she cannot manufacture good milk 

 in targe quantities. 



These hints we might extend, but we have given 

 enough to excite at lent ion to the necessity of mak- 

 ing due preparation I'm ■ilie e< unin^ working seasnu, 

 which is all (lie prompting our intelligent leaders 

 will ueed. 



i, it e\pei leneeil n winter with us 

 many mild and sunny days. So remarkably warm 

 has il hem, as a general thing, that three or four 

 degrees of frost for adny or so, would set every one 

 Complaining at the severity of the cold. To-day, 

 ■i. everybody, and ourselves eurfbng 

 the rest, seems to think it remarkably cold, and 

 we were very much surprised to find that the ther- 

 moine lev showed only I degrees of frost. Tin: only 

 i (Lilly seven.- days of I In- presi-nt winter were Janu- 

 ary nth and loth. On the afternoon of the 11th the 

 mcmiry went down to about In degrcesbclow zero, 

 and this degree of cold, very much to the surprise 

 nnd 1,-1,1 i,l .-in- frm l gn.wcr*, destroyed the bhis- 



s bin!-, niu! blasted I In.- hopes of many ^n.ivci sol' 



the pencil in Western New York. The ground has 



been bare of snow nearly the whole winter 1 the 



almost incessant freeziug nud thawing will no 

 doubt prove injurious to winter wheat nnd other 

 S.. Hie ni tin- strawberry beds, we 

 observe, have suffered from this cause 



The wink of the present itli is n ■ of I he head 



than ii,.- bands. All ■■/ ■„ i,, : 1 1 1 ■ i-,,: 1L , , 



si Id In- perfected, and all ■■■ /■■• purchased. Now 



you here time to think over carefully what you 

 will want, and make (he necessary selections with 

 propei carol If you delaj this until spring, you 

 wttl buj in ,i hurry, and, perhaps, something that 



von w.,i, !,!,,,.: h-.uly,,,, more leisure, some things will 



b0 forgotten, and un.,1, lime wasted. If you have 



"l.a memorandum book 



; ■ "-■•'•'■ ■ " "'ll i"- ■ 



in making out a list of the articles you will need 

 before work commences iu the spring. Above all 

 thing bo particulaj and purchase only the very 

 ■■■■I Hi ii, .,i shall 

 heulsorcup." Aim to get a little better seed every 

 I possible. 

 Those who | . ; ^iier wheat, not- 



ion! wi,-h to 

 ' ll| l wiih clover, slionlil M ,w next month, after 



■ mow, befbretho spring its ore pas 



- however, is usually sown « ill, - 



. barley, 

 loubt, Buffei quite sufl 



■■ u.g |.[„w 



ing the past wn,i, 

 injury, it would be 

 drains and ditehc 

 escape for the surfca 

 The impUmtrtU aim (,„./ 



u [06 H of nil kinds should be 



IOH may pre- 



, "'' 'i I He busiest tune, and 



FODDER, HOW TO SATE IT, PRICE, &c. 



(,'ni.vi; into south-western New- York a week oi 

 two since, I endeavored to tind out whether people 



—I mean cattle— were likely to be short of fodder. 



I .1, -emend that those who wanted to buy had an 

 overwhelming sense of its abundance nnd pros- 

 pective elirapness' while those who had it to spare 



were troubled at their neighbors' dreary prospects 

 — lli>\ ni'ii' nfriiid it would he very high before 

 spring. S'vcn dollar? a tun is the prevailing price 

 of hay. At Oramel, and other villages, it 

 win lh eight dollar,-., while ul Glean it is cui 



i and eleven. Those conversant with 

 market observed the price go up as the mercury 



down, on the long-to-be-remembcred cold 

 Monday, Jan. 10th. The decided upward tendency 



i market, when winter made its first emphi 

 ili- ii i oii-.lrahi.il, shown] thai people are ready lc 

 n.. 'I The thaw is an opiate which a noi 



i. and in prevent still greati 

 wise to look will to iu, open 

 ■ M»d proi i.le proper met 



i leisure 



CSHIKK HULL. 



commit it. so I, except fiom compulsion aforesaid, 

 would not believe it neee-oary to advise against 

 Itaving animals to *Utp~ ■,, i, < ;/ ;,, ;. : ■ 



'.. low ■ 

 a potltbffllu and a frequency. Though essentially 

 orthodox concerning d.j,rar.fi/m,d such like, 1 was 

 not prepared to believe that men won!. I .-atrilic-e 

 their own interests m committing mj great a wrong, 

 but they do. 



I sent word to a man whose cattle were iu such 

 straits, that "I would tell him of an invostmenl 

 that would pay Sv6 hundred jh >■ ,-, id ."'— that is al- 

 most up to the danaiuU of an Iowa money shaver, 

 or the npwtationi of a California emigrant. " Pro- 

 core some slabs, boards, or rails, mid 1 1 si one end 

 on the ground and tlieotlieron poles supported by 

 crotches six feet high. Inclose a yard big enough 

 for your cattle with tins kind of shed, if you 

 shouldn't conclude to make a Letter one, and the 





ester cau blow awav an 



v time in 



two hours.— 



orens is great at soniers 



Kami t 



vo months and 



half of foddering time 



s long e 



nough to make 



ip the average of cold, which, indeed, the lnw 





o expect will he made up. 



order. Half n 

 - of a day 



I n!" vexation .,,,,| ,i|. ]i( 



i..... ire ile 

 time, because they are almost alwaj , 

 The rai!> area good deal like shirt-buttons con* 



ible. Some 



extra rails, if not on hand, should be cut, and 



e the in. i mow. And U you have a 



good chance, do substitute agate for a set of bars, 



el/, we suppose, is all procured, cut 



id nicely stacked up in the wood-sbed, bo 



somen will have it convenient, and you 



r compelled to leave work n 



o)i loud of wet stull' that 

 bole house out of 



that the 





persons buying fodder than I expect- 

 ed, though I bad not estimated the hay crop as 

 many did. The cold, wet spring, succeed- 

 ed by very hot, dry wealher, could not he favorable 

 . .ii heavy or hard pan lands— the cold 

 weather kepi it back, and the hot weather baked 

 the ground. You see 1 belong to the— which is it, 

 " bears or bulls?"— at any rate 1 have a ttiu of hay 

 to sell aud would like to write up the price of fod- 

 der if I can— a superfluous spasm of conscience 

 Ii i- Ii i iliai out, and it may stand. 



I'll tell you, Mr. Moorb, bow the scoundrels who 

 want to get my bay cheap could still suri-vcd— of 

 coarse, 1 expect you to withuld the secret froi 

 i the fashion of the politician: 

 get up an eotfsm and a ,< . Urn edition ol their 

 speeches. Just for novelty, I thought I would 

 •' di\ ide the Union" the other way. 



II. , ■ i In- recipe tor cheapening fodder. Cov. 

 the cracks of the , -tables and sheds with strips of 

 boaid -.ventilating, of i ouise. ul t lie proper lini 

 uia proper w in. Sri up -lab-, pl.ink , boards, m 



en sheds to keep out the " tnd when 

 it gets round on the wrung side — leaving oi 

 more places for the cattle to go in and out 



tight p mil, straw, Ac This lasi arraugemenl 



gives turbulent animals o better chance to book 

 where they are loose, and makes it proper, i 

 deed it generally is, to confine such ones. 



f observed that my friend Uenj. FraBEUI 

 the old philosopher but the new, of Alien, Allegany 

 Co.,) kept up the good old fashion of putting knobs 

 on the horns of his cattle, and I wish here to certify 

 my high appreciation of the plan — perhaps my 

 friend Capt. Don's mooliesoreon in 



bakes ■ potato and sticks on the 

 horn for a short time, then takes it off aud screws 

 on the knob with pnu'lnr.-, and it ftaft. This is a 

 part of my recipe; for the more comfortable and 

 quiet cattle are, the less fodder they require. 



There is another suggestion whloh 

 DM to m ,k.-, .,,,,1 ii „, v ,. ws vere not remarkably 

 good I should distrust their evidence of the neces- 

 sity of making it. I have read of an ancient people 

 who provided no punishment for parricide be- 

 cause they could not believe any one could ever 



■'."""■* 



1 



nd. at Ihes 



for sheds evcrywher 



refuse bay, Ac, can be used to tighten Up wiih 



when rails or poles are employed. 



The poorest fodder should be fed in (lie coldest 

 weather, but if it h quite poor, give a full tiijiptr 

 . better, [tispooi economy to let an 

 animal get low in flesh— a state of hunger is a 

 state of unrest and is pi oduc live of needless waste, 

 besides a weak animal nnisl have I he best of fodder, 

 il would die on what would keep a thrifty one in 

 ■ 



I believe it would pay, with soitublu con- 

 veniences, to warm the water which stock drink in 

 cold weather, at any rale, they should have a plen- 

 tiful supply of water, and I he nearer " nut:, ir.-ir.n" 

 (animal heat) the belter. 



When will men learn that in a limber country 

 wood is cheaper than hay '1 The foci 

 lished, aud everybody should know it, that iu cold 



weather n vast omounj of fodder is consumed in 



keepiug up the heal of the system. Warm food, 

 warm drink, and warm stables, therefore, make 

 less fodder necessary to sustain animal heat. 



1 will mention another consideration, but I do it 

 maSsitlff, dtfertntially. nnd with due reepOOl to a 

 very large class of "y" 11 '"-'""'" men who are evi- 

 ilenlly opposed lu me. 1 was about to say that if 

 you neglected to provide good "rucks and 

 gers," and put your fodder where it would b 

 over and trod into the mire and 01th, it would stand 

 something of a chance to get damaged. Feed 

 often, feed just enough, aud feed in , 

 deep, capacious mangers. 



Touching prices, 1 "ill say that 

 Central New York, hay is about si* 

 seems to be iu good supply, and so an 



description of the Ayrshires we have seen, is that 

 given in the North "BHiUil \QficaUm4tt, from 

 which we condense the following ;— " 'flu- lo-ml of 

 both ii i. ili- aii.l female should be small, i m !■■ . I. :■ .-. 

 and tapering towards the inn/.-le. which should be 

 darker than the color of the skin. The eye large, 

 lively, but not too prominent. In both bull and 

 cow the jaw-bone should be strong, nnd open be- 

 hind to admit of the throat being fully developed 

 where it passes from the bead into the neck. The 

 horns should be small, clean, crooked, and placed 

 at considerable distance from one another at the 

 Bcttingon, The ears rather large, 

 and "i ange tipped in the inside. 

 The neck long, slender, tapering 

 towards the bend, and having 

 the appearance of bollowness ; 

 tD> skin and throat loosely at- 

 tached to the lower part of the 

 The point of the wither 



oulder should be thin. — 



shoulder blades should be 

 close above, with v-iy slight 

 cot eruog ol muscle. They should 



be developed outwards to the 

 point of the shoulders ondshould 



appi a he eye us dotaohed 



.Iructure of the chest. 

 The chest, [bre qnui ters, and 

 neck, should I"- I 

 quarters large, and somewhat 



■avy ; the back straight, grud- 



.ih widening from the point of the shoulders 



wards the hook bones. These should be wide, 

 raised at the points, nnd presenting 

 scraggy look. The ribs towards the pel-, i- -ho oh I 

 be wide ami eiieular. The-'.-, with lite joints, 

 -hould appear open. The carcass shim hi L r.uln.ilh 

 deepen towuids the hind quarters, and these should 

 be deep. The length of quarters should exceed the 

 breadth between the hocks, The quarters wtlh the 

 pelvis should be roomy— the buttocks square, and 

 somewhnt fleshy— the distance between the top of 

 (he tail and the bock joints should be extreme. — 

 The hock joints should be broad, as well ns the legs 

 above and beneath these joiuts. The legs short, 

 -on icw hal delicately formed at the joints as well as 

 at the fctloeks, and the animal should appear short- 

 legged. The feet should be round, somewhat large, 

 ami -N ..n- The tail should be set on rather at a 

 curve than al right angles. It should be long, 

 t.i|HM ing towards the point, and the quantity of 

 hair at the point should be moderate. 



a -v what sqiiaie form, but not low, heavy, nor 



LqosOj mo Ih-liv The color of the udder is by 

 some also deemed of great importance. It should 



be nil I n't white than brown, except tin- ml I the 



., i.. ■■ |..'|.. i,.. . i .. ... i.i ickr The 

 sUmhl In- l.n -■■ and prominent. The teals should 

 be placed wide apart, rather small, and pointing 

 outwards, Next in importance to the form of the 

 udder, is the touch. The skin should be thin, hav- 

 ing the soli feel of a line kid glove. The hair 

 should I"- -nit. and somewhat woolly. The color 

 should be distinct; dark red, or approaching to 

 black, are both fashionable. The cold . if tWO, 



IMPROVED BREEDS OF CATTLE-AYRSHIRES. 



Thb issue of the IUiiial for Jan. 16th, gave a 

 i '-ptc.-vutative animal of the Aldcrnry br 

 tie, and we now purpose presenting oi 

 with specimens, which, uccording to 

 authorities, are connected with ihtm by blood. 

 is agreed tbut the modern Ayrshires SI 

 duction of a union of the Ilolstein, or 

 Short-horns, and the Alderney's, with il 

 stock of the county of Ayr. Scotland. Owing to 

 this combination, they rank among what is known 

 to stock growers as n " tuudc-up-breed." Their 

 introduction is of comparatively recent date, as 

 Aitos, who wrote in Ifltff, remarks "thai one cen- 

 tury ago there was no such breed in Scotland." 



should be arranged in hh.t- oj small p:.l< Ins , 



lighl fawns are not uncommon, but are not deemed 

 hardy; some are beautifullj spotted with red on ft 



e. ,n : .i. oo. I 'I ;,,< . . , i Ii.j!,i , .;..,,■ , iippioaelnOLr 

 to white, are object 



In the breeding of Ayrshires the chief objeei is 

 to supply the dairy u it h good and proliuMc tml I. - 

 ers, and for tins specialty 'In | BXe, probftbJj . IUft« 

 highly e-.teetui'd lliali ,ou otlni l.n ■ 



. Yuiurr remarks:— "Tin ■■ ■■"""> 



of a dairy '-on ,s estimated by '■'" 



quality of her milk. The quantity yielded by ^the 



Aj i (hire cow i-, conaldi 



Five gallons daily, for two or 

 calving, may be considered oa 

 average quantity. Tin 



given for Hie >■ 

 and a half for the 



i.'iy great, 

 ntbs after 



illoni daily will be 



lontbs, and one gallon 



leding four months. This 





The form of the milk vessel is of paramount im- 

 portance. It cnn scarcely be too capacious. It 

 should be placed well forward on the belly, and ap- 

 1 .In- line of the thighs. It should hare 



.. '.'..o so gallons) dui ai- 



lo win" ho ,0111. -unproductive cows, c.-m. 



iv he the average quantity annually from 



fcl " The wnlcr jus! quoted, e-H- 



,i 3 the quality of the milk, for butter or 

 icese-makiug, much lower than any other 

 thoi *, calculating one and one-half pounds 

 butter to three and on..- I, , 



average of ":•! pounds to each 

 cow, per iinuum— and to twenty -eight gal- 

 lons. Qf milk, with the cream, a yield ol W 

 ■ . or oil pounds yeurly.-— 

 The Bgnres hare given arecertainly extra- 

 ordinary, when .-, 

 ing to the stali-.ii. I . . , , 



rage yield of butter iu our own Stat' itos 

 less 80 pounds, nnd of cheese, m pound-', to 

 euch cow. In the sketch of the dairj farm 

 , I II. in ZiDOC I'n.vTT. us given Lu last vol- 

 ume of the N. V Si.t, \g So, ki/» Transactions, 

 (U57.) theav.-i. . 

 April to 1st of December, ■ 

 and of butter 130 pounds fhi 



