£38 "**w- 5 



..^-34£5§g£ 



MOOKE'S 



REW-YORKSR. 



ring and i 

 i Mum found in any Look ' 



log it may i 

 onintarsnJlngtomnny Robal readers. The i 

 heard ii eurphM'ned by one of bl 



. ,.-. but baa never seen nrt explanal 

 print, though tome old arithmetic is said tow 



The hist seven letters of the alphabet ore used 



r,.r tl>.- pnrpo-eof uVlenninmglhc day of (he week, 



or month, without interring to a unloads* or al- 

 manna Let OS observe, in the first place, how 



■ i applied i ■ the days yi - 



...ii- designated by the letter 



\. the n I bj D) the third by 0, and 



pi Kting the letter Ibl avary wren dsys. Now, by 

 continuing thus tbrougb the year, and noting Hi 

 i, ii, i which toll on tbo Hrst days of the- mouth 

 ire shall Ond that th< v o. eur m Ihcfullowingorde 

 \. D, !-.<■ B, E, Q, 0, i''. A, D,F. IkjM tweb 

 ■-■■:>„ diU'en-nt) Jcltcra constitute (he basis of 



iv year. v always designatin g Wfi 



Hi i ,i... ..i .i | ,D the Brst of Fobrua^i U the 



■ ..i March, and noon. The following ooaplfl 



t . " msoiberiog their order: 



A I DOVSr Dwell* SeOVge Brown Esquire, 



. i ini b and David Error. 



Nil ns now consider how the seven letters lire 

 applied to the days of tbo week. Since A always 

 designates 'be first day "I the >our, it iiir—iinh 

 ■ in i-knii which it occurred, 

 ulsii; lithe ilay following, and so on. If the first 

 of January occurs on Friday, llicn A will designate 



I- i.l 1 1 . I! S rilm, Ac ; if on Tuesday, then A 



ii ill .le-.iyrmto Tusadajj H Wednesday, Ac. We 

 bat the lame letter designates different 



diivs i.l the week in different years, but thesame 

 dm ..i tin- ivcek throughout the same year. 



By knowing the letter designating a particular 

 day of the week, we know al once the letters lor 

 i in- i.h ii' r days "i i in' wei l. The letterdesignating 

 one nxedon from which to reckon. 

 It is generally given in the Almanac, and is called 

 the Dominical (aW» Domini, Lord'sday, orSutiday,) 



Sum*.- fh.-dnv of the week on which the first of 

 January occurs is designated by A, the day follow- 

 ing by B, Ac,, we readily ascertain the Dominical 

 tetter, DS ii ii the one falling on Sunday. Thus, 

 iiLiu i!n' hist of January occurs on Wednesday, 

 (he latter falling on Sunday is A", which is l he Sun- 

 day or Dominical letter for the year. The first of 

 January this year occurred on Saturday, and the 

 Sunday or Dominie*! letter is It. Now, on what 

 dnyoftheweek will the 4th of July, ci 

 couplet, the 1st of .Inly is C. Then Ihc «h is C, or 

 Monday On what day will Christmas occur? The 

 1st of December is P; then the 3Sd is !■', aud the 

 BfiUl Ii. nr Sunday. Again, it is the second Wed- 

 nesday of May, lvlint ilnv of the month is it? The 

 lSt ..I Uoj la II, orSunday, then Wednesday is the 

 •iih, mi. I tbo lecond Wednesdaytho lit].. ItJstbe 

 Ihml In. l.n ni October, what day of the month is 

 it? The 1st of October is A, or Saturday, then 

 Friday is (be "th, and the third Friday is the 21st. 



Th< Siindiiy, or Dominical, of lsiTwosD. Then 

 the 4th waaC, or Saturday. 

 The latof May being B, was Friday. Then the 

 tn -i \\ .-.Im-sday was the Ctb. and the second the 

 18th. Thi.it' are two Dominical letters for leap 

 year. The first letter is used for the first two 

 months: and the second, which is the tetter pro- 

 ceding Uu first iu the order of the alphabet, is 

 used for the remaining ten months, and compen- 

 sate! i'" thfl additional day in February. The 

 Dominica] lettcrof any year is the letter preceding, 

 in the order of the alphabet, the Dominica) letter 

 Of Ibfl preceding year. K. u. c. 



House "i Borage, Rochester, N. Y., lSBD, 



SCHOOLS FOR MECHANICS. 



The Steam Fiiie-Enginc is becoming asucccssful 



and therefore popular " institution" in many 

 and is destined, we think, to take the place of ordi- 

 nary machines, and human muscle, so long used to 

 check and extinguish conflagrations. It possesses 

 many advantages over the old fire-engine, with 

 labor— such n> greater power, capacity, Ac , - 

 nust, moreover, e\ort n radical nioia,l inthienc 

 by dispensing « illi firemen to a great extent, win 

 regret to say, always the most peaceabh 

 and exemplary specimens of numkirid. Though i 

 great consumer of water, the Steam Fire-Engine 

 in, Btoear, nor voluntarily break tftt 



:■■ ■.'.'■. In. . i|i:-r. i\,,i ll.V .'I ,-"ii-i'|. r 



likely to be appreciated in many cities where rowdy 

 abound, and not un frequently control the 

 department. 



The Steam Fire-Engine (Holly's Patent Rotary 

 Engine ondl'ump. i above re]iresented, is a "Western 

 New York production, and one which bids fair to 

 o its reputation in the line of valuable mven- 

 and manufactures. It is manufactured at the 

 Island Works" of SiLSBr, M 

 Co.. Seneca Falls, N. Y. Three sizes 

 which arc thua described : 



. Weighs 10,000 pounds. 



To. 2, throws 1 ..nc-and-a-half-lnch slrear 



le-and-a-quarlcr-lnen streams, 200 feet; 

 ■nms, 175 feet. Weighs 9,000 pounds. 

 To. 8, throws 1 one-aud-a-tiall'.im-li sircar: 



L.of lime. 



, and have been exhibited in different cities 

 ived by the flrst Engineers in tbo country. 

 t arrangement of the Machine is in special 



" ; (.-realosl .loere.- of simplicity, safely, 



rlabllily, darubilily, ami edleieTiry, 



i iriih porfecl san>y, as 



iter, Hie lire passing arou 

 iving a largo sjiaee for 



■ I he a system of education ado; 



dm 



Fhefbn schools u 



' ll ''" : ' 1 " 1 " ''' ihi'iii.,.!. „ t u.'t., i hejoiirnevmau, 



mid 1 1 urn I In- iniiriii'i m.m to the uiii>ti-r, areencoiiu- 

 ' ■ 'i ill' » I, i in* ami im-mili,.',.. „f „ u i,, l]nr;u|1 SL , t 

 ofcopytste, relying upon the sai -«, I this, that, 



mi. I (In- i.Ihi-i ; i-miiul; i-nh-s w , i|, mil i,^is,.o, thi-V 

 live mul .1..- i, Her fniluu-s in the kimwh.^,. ,,[ t Lll ' c 



mechanism. What, then, can he expected of the 



sehtihir who is depi-ndent upon such teachers?— 



Iban loj mil-, and years of the 



.11 the tale in too strong language to 

 '"' misunderstood, Bui the question arises, how 

 can ii be otherwise, as in tbiai use, pra< tical aawell 

 "" *eoretieal knowledge i i ass atiol Establish 

 I both,— employ 

 .... 

 llI "' ll > -V-itli.Oi,,,,,!, ul cilna.lmn.-iu short, 



■■- I] uawhi 



"!" , " : ' '■"' ! '" h " i" 1 " the .-very-dm laboi .d 



""• -' ' ■'"■-" ■•■ Th,,, .hull the dull 



' ' '■'■-"■ «op 



"»"'S'" ««dtl,e old!.. . 



IM.-thio«.,.o 



tnameatal.wlth 



"ii. '"ii-iiil. Hill J biiiiiti.auiKi-u.il,.,, ,i 



.■I I. ml., .hall L,'lli,|.- them in Li,. ■ , 1| ,„, n ^ roul ^,' " 



SI . . kodover, Ohio, ISM, -,. ,. ' 



-. li UaTnoBi orWasruxi 



W ilaon ha- ■ ington D C 



..... ■ .. 

 - ..-htetn. S,8Sfl are m prirotc schoobi, 



'- '' i" pnbU . .. in no scl u 



" l all. With a population of G5.000, and a real 

 «tate v»luc,i nt uo >OMi ooo, there is but 130,950 

 expended a year, and all the school-bouses are not 

 worth »BO,0O0.-J/««. TV-ktW. 



"THE SALT, IT YOU PLEASE." 



EVBBYBODY has a partiality for dinner, and one 

 nt I he must frequent expressions at u dinner table 

 is the one which forms our caption, and iu order 

 that our readers may kuow something ul the sub- 

 stance they are using, „ e W|M u .q n,,,,, B |,, w f „,,. 

 ahuu t. Milt. Salt ia a chemical compound of twenty-. 

 three part?, by weight, of a beautiful silver white, 

 hni suit metal, culled Sodium, discovered by Sir A. 

 D.wv in 1807, and thirty-five parts of a pungent, 

 yeilow-gTaenitb gas, called chlorine, discovered by 

 Scueelbiu 1774 — these two combined form this. 

 u "' - 1 Widely diflused and useful of any one com- 

 pound in tbo world. It is found in the sen, and in 

 the rocks, from which our principle supplies come, 

 The nm-t ffonderru] deposits are in Poland and 

 Hungary, where it ia quarried like a rock ; one of 

 the Polish mines baring been worked since 1251, 

 These Polish salt mines have heard the groan of 

 many a poor captive, and have seen the last agonies 

 of many a brave man, for until lately they have 

 been worked entirely by the state prisoners of 

 -nt or Poland, whichever happened to 

 be in power at the time ; and once the offender, or 

 landed hindrance to some other person's advance- 

 ment, was let down into this subterranean prison, 

 be never saw the light of day again. So salt has 

 its history as well as science. Other large deposits 

 are found iu Cheshire, England, where the water is 

 forced down by pipes into the salt, and is pumped 

 "P again as brine, which is ei epomted and the salt 

 WHtined. To such an extent has this been carried. 

 hat one town in the " salt country," as it is called, 

 * c * rce 'y •>" upright house in it, all the founda- 



Englne, viz.: from 20 (<■ 01 pounds to the 

 oltliougli il Is capable of sustaining a pressure of 150 

 doubly safe." 

 These Western New York Firc-Engincs are now 



in use in several cities— Boston, Chicago, St. Louis, 

 Ac., and are highh emmm-nded by the press and 

 authorities of those cities. Having seen one of 

 them operated in this city, last season, we might 

 speak from personal observation of their great 

 power, capacity, Ac, but prefer quoting from 

 journals whose editors have had frequent opportu- 

 nities of witnessing their work when in contact 

 with the devouring clement. Chicago has four of 

 these Steam Fire-Engines which have given great 

 satisfaction. The c/u.-niji-i ] tally Democrat of Dec. 

 IS, IS.'iS, in a I u rig and highly commendatory notice 

 of the Steam Fire-Engine- speaking of it as "one 

 of the greatest and most important improvements 



"On Thursday night last a firo broke out In a very 



son the spot, a 



Hie steam-engine ready 

 i, hartals; been confined 



T\\v rhiru.jo 7W7,i,„f of the 12th nil., 



In noticing a lire in that city, the Boston J/crahl 

 of the l';th tilt., says: 



" A (Ire occurred this morning in tlio four-story gran- 

 lle bnihling, Federal street, ami s-m.l. i 

 amount were destroyed. * * It bail gained Consider- 

 able headway, and bnd probably been burning for a 



.-in ..I ii. 'i ..i .Mi ;,r ;., rly fruiu destruction, paying 



A trial of one of these engines was had in Syra- 

 cuse a few days since, which proved very satisfac- 

 tory. The Daily Courier says:— "On the arrival 

 of His Honor the Mavor and I'niniuim Council, the 

 machine was ' Bred up,' and at the close of four 

 and a hair minutes was throwing a beautiful strca 

 through nu inch and a half nozzle. At this trial 

 constant horizontal stream was kept up for half i 

 hour, that wet about 200 feet of ground. Two 

 streams were then put on, ami lmvc good satisfac- 

 tion through an inch arid .-eu'ii- eighths pipe." 



— We will not' attempt to give u particular de- 

 scription .,f the ."s'.'uin Fire-Engine, our main object 

 being to ■ titration to an improvement worthy 



■ Ii.'Ik- 



9 dest 



create a u'ir it pin -l> ul ntnl nmral revolution in the 

 Fire Departments of our larger villages and 

 The engines now manufactured— and we believe 

 there are two or three different patents— may 

 yet be perfect, but the fact is established that a/. 

 can he substituted for "eeW. in this highly niipnr 

 taut department of labor, and the final result can- 

 not be doubted. It is a source of congratuhitiuii 

 also, that Western New York— so recently an un- 

 inhabited wilderness— should invent and manu- 

 facture so valuable a machine, and furnish it tc 

 such an old-time city as Boston, the emporium of 

 the " Universal Yankee Nation" of 

 manufacturers. 



lions having sunk with the ground, to Gil up the 

 cavity left by the extracted soil. 



in Virginia there are beds of salt, and the Sal- 

 inou Mountains, in Oregon, are capable of affording 

 large quantities of the same material, The brine 

 .springs of Salina and Syracuse are well known, 

 and from about forty gallons of their brine, one 

 bushel of salt is obtained. There are also exten- 

 sive salt springs in Ohio. The brine is pumped up 

 from wells made in the rock, and into which it 

 8ows and runs into boilers. These boilers are 

 large iron kettles set in brickwork, and when fires 

 are lighted under them, the brine is quickly evapo- 

 rated. The moment the brine begins to boil, it 

 becomes turpid, from the compounds of lime that 

 it contains, mid which are soluble in cold, but not 

 in hot water; these first sediments are taken out 

 with ladles called "bittern ladles," and the salt 

 being next disposed of from the brine, is carried 

 away to drain and dry. The remaining liquid con- 

 tains n great quantity of iungin--ia in every form. 



" linl how did this salt come into the rock'" is 



the natural query, and the u l.-r seems greater 



when we recollect (hut -.ill beds ate found in nearly 

 every one of the strata composing (he earth's crust. 

 This fact proves another, that as a majority of 

 ■ Is, have come from the hike- h.li iu 

 hollows of the rocks by the recedence of Hu- sea, 

 the sea has through all geological ages been as salt 



it Is to-day. Let us take Great Salt Lake us an 

 illustration, it being the largest salt lake iu the 

 world, but by uu means the only one, as such in- 

 nasses of saline water are found all over the 

 earth, but as OUTS is the greatest in extent, it will 



Form th..- boal example. It i^ situated at an eleva- 

 tion of 4.200 feet obovc the level of the sen, on the 

 Rocky Mountains, and has an nrea of y.OOO square 

 miles ; vet, u high us it is, "once upon a time," as 

 the story book of our juvenility used to say, it was 

 part of the sea, which retired by an upheaval uf 

 the rocks, and that great basin took its salt water 

 tip n nli it. .•should this tn time evaporate, ami its 

 salt be covered with mud and sand, und the land 

 again be depressed — then, at some distant future 



age, the people would he wuink-iing how the salt 

 got there, little thinking that the Mormons ever 

 built a city upon its shores when it was a great 

 salt lake. There are also, however, salt rocks, 

 taking their place in regular geological series with 

 oilier rocks, inlerspersed between red sandstone, 

 magnesian and eaihiniili-toii- strata; these we can 

 only account for, as we do for other stratified 

 rocks, viz., that they were deposited from their 

 solution in water or carried mechanically to the 

 Spot where nowfound by that noble liquid. We 

 reai we shall be accused of an attempt to put our 

 readers in pickle, so will stay our pen, hoping they 

 will remember these i>iis of m tin million wheu next 

 they say, "The salt, if you plea-n 



Tub Science of Ooinu to IIejv— The earth is a 

 magnet, with magnetic currents constantly playing 

 around it. The human body is also a maguet. and 

 when the body is placed in certain relations to the 

 earth these currents harmonize, when in any other 

 position they Oonfliet. When One position is to be 

 maintained for some time, a position should be 

 chosen in which the magnet currents of the earth 

 and the body will not conflict. This position, as 

 iudicated by theory, and known by experiment, is 

 to lie with the head towards the north pole. Ter- 

 1005 who sleep with their head in the opposite 

 direction, or l> mg cm-.s-wise, are liable to full into 

 various nervous disorders, When they go back 

 i In. Tin hi posit it i ii, (!ie-e .Ii -orders, if not too deeply 



impressed upon the constitution, soon vanish, 



Sensitive persons are always more refreshed bj 

 sleep wheu their heads point due north. Archi 



Wa sleep, but the loom of life n 

 Hit putlii n which was weavmg «L 

 down, is weaving when it comes u 



QITEST10H8 AB0TJT THE MILKY WAY. 



'■'■ gelanj ibpm, ,,,,,,, poa !,,,„, 



,u,,i or airj, i. ■ ■ 

 - ' l, »ls ohangc ■ n rrol u . ■ 



8. Why it it uoi viiible la the a*antu Ui the miinlli 

 or May. 



Tns Milky Waj is a belt, from four to twenty 



degrees broad, round the heavens, am) v \ n - ,,,, 



" "' tta parte. When tha",»plendld 



■ ■ ■ !, ,.| ,, , 



/iinlli, about the middle of August, (his hell of 

 whit ■ ■ -■ lii ■■ Irom N E to S W. The Milk, 



Way always pa-scs ilu ; h ih.-euni ■ 



■."/"-■.'. in which i-i the W, n group of live stars, 

 about thirty degrees from the Pole Stat . mil it Dan 

 be traced through ftrvufj Aungo^ i '■ , to the 

 Feel ol Oemiii*, and theneo onward In the same 

 direction south of the equator. It is tins peculiar 

 trace through the constellations that makes a diffi- 

 cult] hi apprehending the appnrenl motions and 

 positions of this belt, by some minds. 



From the daily revolution of the earth on its 

 a\is from west to east, the stars, and of course, the 

 Milky Way. appear to move round daily from 

 cast in west. Follow the motion ol 

 through several hours of a clear evening, and this 

 motion of the Milky Way will he obvious. Aud, 



■ i- alway s ab,.i ■ I :,, t i, the W 



is always visible when the sky is cloudless iu the 

 evening and night, because its distance from the 

 : ..i.. ,- k-ss than our distance from the rqnaim ; ,,r, 



in other words, our place is -v.; h, i„- equator, 



aud the W is only about 30' from the pole, so that 

 some portion of (he Milky Way will be risible with 

 Ctwioptia. Because Catlioptia thus nppears to 

 revolve from E. t" W., the position of the Milky 

 W n » ill be dill'erent at different hours. 



From the annual revolution of the earth round 

 the sun from W. to M., the constellations appear to 

 move annually over our heads from F,. to W.— 

 Hence the Milky Way must have this revolution, 

 and be on our meridian at different limes in the 

 year. But it is obvious that this motion of the 

 Milky Waymrat be as regular as that ol the sun or 

 other stars. In Ihrec months it must complete 

 one-fourth of this apparent annual revolution. 

 The ancients kneiv this in all certainlv. and lis 



varyiog yet definite positions at different times. 

 When W is directly west uf the pole star, as seen 

 in February, the Milky Way iics from N. N W to 

 S. S. E. ; and when W is due east of the pole star, 

 the course of it is N, N. E. to B B. W. 



In the months uf July and August, S]ieiiil)er 

 aud October, the most splendid putt of the Milky 

 Way is visible in our latitude. It is then truly 

 magnificent. But in May the sun and this most 

 splendid part of the belt rise and wet together, and 

 this part cau be only partially seen for several 

 weeks. But as the sun sets with this belt at the 

 west, the opposite portion ol it rises in the east; 

 yet it has so much le-s splendur that il i-, Utile 



noticed, and many seem not in consider it at all. 



In fact, then, some portion of the Milky Way may 

 ■y clear night in the year. 



The 



■ -.Mil II' 



HI 



r no 



1 ol.li- 



clmriot wheels t 



quity to the equator, ecliptic, and mondial,-. [,i,,l,- 

 ulilv gave use to the ancient myth, that when 

 Phaktox undertook lo guide the chariot of the sun, 

 and could not manage the steeds and keep them in 

 their true course, tin- sun get ihc heavens on fire, and 

 the mighty conflagration left the Milky Way to be 

 the perpetual memento of its desolating power. 



Magnificent is the discovery by astronomers, that 

 this white and beautiful hell is the mingled light of 

 myriads of stars and suns too remote to be seen 

 escept in a large telescope HmscBBXt reckoned 

 that in one-quarter of an hour lltl.ooTi lined stars, in 

 one part of the Milks- W'uv, pa-sml over the field of 

 view. The larger (ek'scpes, like Lord Rossk's, 

 have shown multitudes more. 



The name of this belt, among the Creeks, m in 

 one form of it. (/-,■■■'■».,//, the Milk belt or circlei in 

 the Latin, Vv>! t, ■'■■ ., the \/,<" ■■/ Waff. In ages so 



ri.-n .'. tie 1 i" •(',■;/ ;■:■.,•■!,:.- sl-i/,.,1 u|, lin the riiiiuli 



of men, as the distinguishing properly by which lo 

 designate this Wonder of the I'nivei 



INFORMATION WANTED, 



■■■ nle.-r, jear.i.l,!, ha- u,- always lived In 

 in Lapeer and St. flair .oiinli.--, Mi,higiui, »uh ll-e 

 sntngTe rivers and lumber men, Uy (other beings 

 dissipated man, I am like ■ straj dog a il boa ' 



master, 1 have an opportunity lo bind m>.,lf to a 



fanner during tny minority. W ill > "ii. ■■' '■■"'"■ "' , " ur 



numerous subsialbeia, advise mo a- to p ' ' ■ ■■■ 



much I should gelY Bonn- say work h. Ilu - mouth, from 

 place to place. I saw iu your lust lliul FuMOi had uked 



— Wolvebise, Jfni'wwl ''".. -V" 7 '-. ls ' ,s - 



ReiiARKs.— It is difficult to answer such ques- 

 tions without knowing more of the circumstauecs. 

 But we will say a fow words that may be useful lo 

 our young friend By working from place to 

 lonth, you may perhaps get a little 

 morcmonej 'h-" 1 b j binding/ojuiuelf toafaxmer, 

 butwefeai tbe money is all the g, -id v,,u would 

 get. You would make a very bad bargain in bind- 

 voursell to some farmers, even though at 

 ity-one you would find yourself well dressed, 

 . a thousand dollars in your pocket. By c 

 gaging with au intelligent, industrious, enterpris- 



■■ i ■ "I good principles and correct hi 



with on interesting, amiable family, and ai 

 you would make an excellent bargain, though you 

 merely obtained a living. At theeud of four years, 

 unless there was something wrong v 

 you would come out u man iu body, niiud, and 

 heart, ready for the struggle of life. You 

 object now should be, not to make money, 

 make an easy living, but lo make a man. 



-r-C^£> ^.^..l ■ftsturta.M 



