v-^na 



■ 



TWO DOLLARS A YEAH.) 



' PKOGHESd AND IMPROVEMEN1V 



(SINGLE NO. FODR CENTS. 



VOL X. NO. 8.'] 



ROCHESTER, N. Y.— FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1859. 



{WHOLE NO. 476. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



lam a r, i.iti cuty" AM'" F.\ii'ii-v NBWBPAPH 



THE FARM AND THE FARMER. 



AEOUT PUMPS AND WELLS. 



"MuoHOfthecb 



In his In. use." This was a remark of tbe late Mr 



DoWMIMO, a/id. though true in tho main, mu.-l be 



1. it .11 R ol ■ I.I.,- Pel 



, [heir in, 'hi,-. Many, bnd tbej the 

 ability, would chum thcii bouses to tell afardiffer- 

 Out story of tlioir character than they now do. Tlic 

 log cubin or tbe cottage Hint lias weathered the 

 storm for a score of years would soon conic down. 



hb common , it i , .,,,■.. ,,■ i \ ,-.iii,',t, . -nH inn pump 

 machine of so much importance, mid in such 

 extensive use, that .-ill should well understand the 

 principles of its nclion. 

 We cannot draw water, nor any other liquid, in 

 e sense used when tulking of drawing a saw-log 

 (hut is, by bitching to tbo end ol it, Liquid! 

 e always moved by applying force under, or be- 

 hind them, and never iu any other way. The up- 

 ward motion of water, in a pnmp, must be caused 

 force applied at the bottom of tbc pump. 

 This lifting force is caused by the downward pres- 

 sure of the atmosphere on the water in the well. 



Proof. — Water cannot be pumped out of a full, 

 air-tigbt vessel. 



Tins, upward force given by tin- downward pres- 

 sure of the atmosphere, is just sufficient to lift a 

 column of water thirty-four feel Therefore, if we 

 could have a tube forty feet long, air-tight, and all 

 the air exhausted, and with a stop-cock iu the 

 lower end, and then, if we should place the stop- 

 cock end in water, holding the tube perpendicular, 

 and should open the stop-cork, the water would 

 rush up into the lube to the luight of thirty-four 

 feel. Hut we would notice Hint Hie tube filled 



much luster when the stup-cuck was In i <■[ .1 



than afterwards, for the reason Hint when Hie tube 

 has become partly filled, tbe upwanl force must 

 be partly expended in h<>L<Uu,i <t}> Hie water already 

 iu tbe tube. 

 Now, take another tube, open at both ends, and 

 be read Lttve rt pi s t ou lilting it air-tight, and pi nee t In- pis 





old a 



!! 



iU owner a man of taste, iiinl munificence, with a 



(■pur >I \ Is am! love of display In one-half 



■ i '-satisfied with 

 liter it is completed, and too late to make 

 ■. limit Milijechug themselves to great 

 expense, The bouse may show Hie diameter of tbe 

 architect, hut not ol Hie proprietor, unless it is ac- 

 cording i ■ In- ' B ■■"■ Nol ■ " 111 a thousand, if 

 under the nrce'sily ol rcbiiildmt; would make the 

 t,, m,d liun-r like tin- lo-.t, ii hi I e miun win. I mild 

 lino nouses have Little b) do « itfa the work aside 



i urnUhlng the on 



The tAoractff of th< fABHBR, however, may bo 

 i •in in the IQOil unmistakable lan- 

 guage* Eli o -.,,'.■ tncol elegantly and truth- 

 fully, Itiy down the best of rules, and exhort all to 

 Observe thorn with OUt Pgy and zeal — he may talk 

 most fluently, deliver agricultural lectures for the 



enligliti' 'ill ol I. '■ Mom i..- : . i -. wliich all mav 



hear with profit— lay down maxima, which Lf fol- 

 lowed iv mild make every man a good farmer, — but 

 ■■ii (hit telle not the character of the man. lie 

 '■...-. ■! ... bis own raid, disregard hie own max- 



inn*, ami like the drunkard who prcaehe- lernji.T- 

 SnOI bl B In ..i,, ■■■■. nnnlv .,| 1 1 ..- n lis iihieh he COD- 



l the (arm kiln the character of the 



■'■ iOtrathftil I unmistakable that 



"hi who rune maj n id " There .- no opportu- 

 :..i disguise. If 



1 ' ■ '■•■ rmiti.it is told 



. ■.nii.l.-ilfoi-n-isi. 



sleek coats and origin eye! intheii playful, happy 

 : tblc repose. It 



ii read In the growing crops ami the well-filled 

 traveler b; Iho fences and 



: 



! tinuls In II. 

 : ■ 



«"P. mtl„ .! | 



■ » -s and tho- 



the whole domain The 



■ ill the land aaturslly .. 



■ind difficulties 



, ,.i the 



ui ii,,. -in-, . 



I hid* Urn- 



" 



fChw ! , 



i the wimi— bleat- 

 the pitiful 



FOWLS-DEBIT AND CEEDIT. 



Boa, Rural:— Noticing H. J. E.'s poultry ac- 

 count in your issue of Jan. i'.ith, I thought I would 

 give yon a schedule of wlial my poultry have done. 

 Perhaps il may interest some of your readers who 

 are iu the business: 



Poultry Dr. 

 S fowls on hand, 2Je % 25 



»2421 



Poultry Cr. 



,1S5T— By 120 )ba. poultry Ill 6.*) 





-Byl 

 By 23 



6 eggs , 



£2421 



Balance In favor— S16 51 



Poultry Dr 



Jan. 1, 1SSS— To as fowls on hand 26c t 6 71 



Dec. 80, 186S— To feed for the yeur U* 



*n~b 



Poultry Or 



Jan. 1, 18S8— By UJf lbs. poultry $ 1 01 



Doc 80, 1S5»— 7CI 



s sold at 8Sc . 



Ij the he 



■ 



■ 



■ i Out thecbarac-| draw 



in fee farm, we think many 

 the* svoij speak for them 



nftW.llV 



upon the surface of Hie water in tbe well, 



I, ll'yoil rril-i. Il,,' |il-loll, llir Will,' r will follow 



, uihes the height of tbirly-foi 

 Bui you may move tbe piston twice as fust 

 as you may when it is sove 

 the water will keep close to the piston. ' 

 tlic higher tbe piston is raised, the slower 



be moved, if you wish the wctei to foUon 

 for the reason that u oQMtant/orOiTTlU nio 

 body slow in proportion as that body is heavy. 



Conclusions. — The lower valve in a pump must 

 not be more than thirty-four IV, i In^ln 

 water in the well — in praetiet probably never more 

 than thirty feet. The pump may be as long above 

 the lower valve us you choose — more force being 

 required in proportion to the length and the size. 



The pipe may be extended upwind any distance 

 less than thirty feet, and it may then be extended 

 to any distance horizontally, and then again up- 

 ward—but as there will be additional weight of 

 water to bo moved ii proportion to the length oT 

 pipe, the motion of the bundle must be coinparu- 

 velyslow, or there will In- a vacuum under the 

 loving pistol). This vacuum will be least likely 

 i be formed when the pipe below the lower valve 

 i large — when the lower valve Itself is large, and 

 when tbe whole pump is short. Hence, cistern 

 pumps universally work easy. c, w. 



Luna, Liv. i o„ N. V., L8D9. 



In the RdltAL of Feb. .'lb, 1 saw the inquiry about 

 ells— how far water could be raised by pumps? 



As I have manufactured pumps fur I hi] h In ■ ye.n -. 



past, and have had a pretty good chance fur infor- 

 mation, I embrace Ibis oppurl unity. I make them 

 out of pine logs and put them inlo wells of almost 

 all depths, under VI feet. The principle is this:— 



m: Mm ly 



twoaudone-Iluid feet of water, so that no wntei 

 can be drawn up any further than that But,ii 



Ordoi |0 -how what I mean, 1 will illustrate it.— 

 Supple a well lift v feet deep, and a pnmp reaches 

 from top to bottom, and the water within ten feet 

 of the top— tin ti M, pp.,-,. an,. Hut well, fourteen 



n let t ut' water, uud B plllilp 



tbe other— these will draw water uith nearly the 



Same power, heeuiiMj lln- water in both is wrlhin 



■ surface of the ground. Then sup. 



pose a well In - \ nop in n, the 



■' i, and thi '■■, ip ' box, or bucket, 



.. d to tlif rod ami li.t .il. 

 liv,., feet of the top ol fhe ■■ 



bucket and tbe 

 top of the water— -.it the pump in motion and il 



will raise the water In the pump thirty-two and 

 one-third feei- no furthci , -. ,, -., . ■ . 



i 1 bin Let and lengthen 



the rod so that thebuckcl -hull I,i within tenor 

 twelve feet of the water and you run raise a full 

 stream, but the Further, 01 higher, the water is 

 raised, the mon I 



the water to the top of the ground. 

 The principlool the pumpU this: — itsuobup 



the water, by taking oil' the weight of atmosphere, 

 ii {i ts sbove the upper bucket, then it fo 



*-24 0T 



»17 16 



Balance in favor or poullry-$ 7 SI 



The foregoing has been carefully kept, and tho 



prices fixed at what eggs would bring at the time 



layed, and poultry at the time killed. I make no 



account of house and yard, as I think the satisfac- 



fowls at nil times, pays mil for tbe interest of 

 money invested iu henery. My fowls are a mixti 

 of Sbanghnc aud common fowls, quite large, v< 

 nice, very docile, and little trouble to keep in I 

 yard. Lay very large eggs, (weight from 1?.,' 

 2 lbs. per dozen,) arc well fed and poy well. 



I am a mechanic, live in the village, have a small 

 place, and keep my fowls shut in the yard nn 

 tbe time. I would like to sec more on this subject 



i the Rural. Wk. B. DTMriKLn. 



Medina, Orleans Co., N. T., 1S59. 



It is sided with i 



iei, and i 



quarter spruce plank, 



tongued and gr 





o upright timbers were 



used. The Qooi 





■_ ,n of the some kind 



of plank. To gi 





-1 leakage by shrinkmir, 



the joints mav 1 





1 with 1 iHi, or strips of 









top of the rafters 



leaving 



n opening often inches 



iu diameter, on 



vhicb IS 



laced an octagon chim- 





ator, wh 



cb makes a very pretty 



finish. Tbe pier 



8 Should 



,.. either cedar, chestnut 



A gravel road should not be built in the center 



of the highway, but on one side oT a center line, 



iving the bank next the center line less atecp 



an the other, for the sake of making it easy to 



Another very essential part of a good road is to 

 have a side track kepi smooth ami m good order to 



Upon iu dry Uealhfi . and il Heeds no giiide- 

 to tell travelers when Iu drive on the :■> n , I, 



en on the clay. All teaiuslers prelei the el ay 

 it is dry ami the gMTSl WhBD wet. Thus 



treused when least damaged by dm, Gravel 



will be found In ». ;n- mil nuieh lie- Irj 



weather than iu wet. I was mlnn- ,., a mi-hitoi 



awn n few din s in.-., , . I 

 gravel upon the road. Every load was left just us 



fell from the Wagon -i .'. ami lm ■ 



man's head — no one near to assist the teamster 



unloading. 1. 1' In ■■ Hi il after he was L-oue,— 



Perhaps they Call tin-, niacin- gravel i".„l hut 

 f man whose business calls him to paaa over 

 road for tho next six months, will wish tho 

 grovel back in the pit and tbe man who caused it 

 to be left there, iu tbe pit with it. All 

 a nuisance, and the maker thereof ahounl be 

 indicted at the next -■itim,' of Mie I Ii ami Jury, 

 A good gravel load, well built, when the gravel 



the other end to fhe wallj the 

 first or lowermost one two feet from the floor, and 

 (ho others eighteen inches apart, and rismg ptrod- 

 ually to the top, six feet from the floor These 



I,,,, -i-i *\ .Il ;,.r module forty ordinary sized fowls 



K. P, is a board floor, on an angle of about forty- 

 live degrees, to catch and carry down thedropp 

 of the fowls. This arrangement renders it. much 

 more convenient in cleaning out the manure, which 

 should be frequently done 



The space beneath this floor is appropriated 

 nests, t nelve in number, fifteen inches wi< 

 eighteen inches deep, and eighteen inches high. 

 In order to give an appearance of secretiveuei 

 which it is well known the ben is so partial to, the 

 front is latticed with strips of lath. By this 

 rangemj 



' be < 



, will e 



i *-,,(] 





■ 

 ■ , | ■ I ■ | 



.!,i 



■nd i n r , fOpI -|| M . | IU ,. 



■■■ 



■ 



■ ■ 



tJ^^* ? 8 >t»l-. and n |] 



uni- Those acquainted with the principles of hydraulics 



■ 



■ . ' 



, twenty I et — il 

 , hard. 

 '■ Autry Wi 



AN OCTAGON POULTRY HOUSE, 



Fuoii tbe number of inquiries received during 



the last week or two, we should judge that a groat 



many people arc designing to give particular i 



tion to the raising of eggs aud poultry, as a s 



of profit. Some questions asked, (such as, 



many eggs would 1,000 bens toy in year, and what 



uld they bring in the market, 1 we cannot an. 



cr, while UpOD Others, we shall mi,!..u,,i tl 



throw some light. Any of our readers having valu- 



■ ,■ -diould give it at tins lime, is hen 



.,, ,i;d for knowledge „n the subject 



We have on hand several designs fur fancy poultry 



l.[,. for ornamental grounds, but non 



ImII.-i . ;:ll t.: 



Puiiltrif ][iiiim: rcpiesented n the ; 



was erected near Ftictoryville, on Staten Island, 

 und « g tell cl n from " B /■■ 



panion" We buill one very similar but larger, 

 and divided it into eight apartments for keeping 

 separate this number of varieties of fowls. The 

 yards; were made of tbe same • net agon) fonn. The 

 object of placing this house on piles was toprevenf 

 imenta of rats, mice, skunks, Ac, and 

 is a good method, as rats are very ai vn,.-, es- 

 pecially where they have a good harbor under the 

 house, often destroying tbe eggs and killing the 

 young chickens. Unless elevated in 

 would never use a board floor. Other plans will 

 be given in future numbers. 



This building is ten feet in diameter and six feet 

 and a half b 

 plates i by i joists, halved and nailed at the joints. 



Ii",. ,in ol. ill f air is admitted, 



which adds much to the comfort of tbe hens while 

 sitting. 



GRAVEL ROADS. 



UksSBS I'ns.:— Some of the people of East 

 Bloomfleld are doing a good work this winter in 

 building grave! roads. As such winters as the 



i i . uliaily favorable for the business, 

 and as many other localities are in equal need of 

 the very essential requisite of easy locomotion— 

 good roads d Baa] l» well to remind your readers 



that what wc have done, others i w do. Winter is 

 the most fiworable time for building grand roads, 

 because gravel has, in most, cases, to be drawn 

 ,| n it,, a ,1 1 -lam 10, and Is I" <' e very hard and 



smooth by use when (rosen, the placo where the 



eiavel is di-npp. ,1 is. solid and it does not sink into 

 the earth as when the ground iBSoft. I' isaleisure 

 time for men and teams, and it gives employment 



to ii ■l,--. of men u tin need the l ■ 



labor to live Probably every man thinks he 

 knows well enough how to make a good road, and 

 yet experience in this, as iu every oil 

 'manual labor, i- .■,.., ii, -..,n,(lnog. I therefore 

 propose to describe somewhat iu detail our method 

 of building gravel roads. 



The gravel he, I is vmy extensive, and of good 

 ily accessible by different roads, and 

 near the center of the town. In the first place, all 

 the wagons used have a box made for the purpose, 

 having the bottom of loose plank, four 

 inches wide, the ends rounded so they can oe 

 I by a man at each end. The lilies 

 aud ends are also loose so that the whole load can 

 he dropped under the wagon by raising *ifi" the bo\. 



When the gravel Es to he drawn a mile, it will 

 require fourteen teams to work to advantage, some 



. I, and al h-ast 

 three men ut lb 



II should he placed al least twenty ineh'-s ihiik. 

 OS drawn, tbe 

 large stones and cemented Lumps should be raked 

 forward and placed in the bottom, AUihe coarse 

 grove] should bi raked to !l "- i dges, to form ,l " 

 bank, wbiah should bajusl enl ride oflshe track 

 of the wheals. The more tl tughly ""-' - r ' lV, ' l .'J 



worked at the firsi, the re '!■ " 



the road be. As hear] loaded to ■ 



, ruts made by 



,!.! be left tilled 



and smooth Bo ' '" 08e - If - 



. .,, i8 building, the ground -l ,1 



lUld betaken that the ruts 



■ i 



a mile. This may seem a high price, Uut 



when there is much be.n s tea g, 1 m bad 



weather, it wiU be found much oheapet than 

 putting on six imlns ul a lime Some of our roads 

 have been made iu this cheap way. and in six 

 months tbo gravel would he nil mixed Kith the 



.i: | , and ii id bad asevct 



i i mid from this 



Railroad Station to the Tillage three-fourths of a 



mile. This has given m,od satisfaction mid stiinu- 

 laled olher distnels to engage in (be work, and if * 

 the winter continues without «m.,w ue shall have 

 quite an addition to our grin el roads, both credita- 

 ble to the di.sivmf- and to the town, for tbo work 



is not done as a highway tax, but by voluntary 

 contributions. II. Adaiis. 



East Eloonilleld, N. T., .Ian., 1859. 



ANOTHER CATTLE RACK. 



Eds. Rittu, :— Ileing a willing subscriber (as 

 well as an at tent iw r, udei , i of your most valuable 

 paper, which, with ils well stored columns of in- 

 structive and interesting contents ever meets n 

 elcome from the household hand. ..' 

 ie .(being desirous to promote its inleie-l. • to add 

 ) its pages a description of a cattle trough and 

 rack. I noticed -, i.-t.d In I he la- 1 volume, and re- 

 garding the rack as being a subject of no small tm- 

 ace; one well worthy the otti 



farmer, at least il who have aol adopted the 



better system of stabling nod still-reeding in open 



sheds or yard-. 



The i which I have constructed and now idler 



[o Hie public is sup, 'Nov lo iinv I Inn ■■ i el seen for 



the following reasons It is so constructed that 



then is Inngi c of tho Larger cattle th/cni ing the 



Binallcrones Into the trough, or of tli'ore in any 



way becoming entangled iu the it. Tt is well 



adapted to feeding straw, Chaff, bran, turnips, Ac, 



Being portable i1 i po It! icy e i ily bo i bni I. 



[h, and 19 inches from 

 trough. Ihe 



ihi bottom of inch 

 U of two inch plunk — 



ibove the side 



llie ends of rm I. 

 m up '■• ■ . - 



,. t .in wooden 

 meb hold it while the tr _■!, , ■ !„■ 



j n g QHed The roi k ihould be □ 



Si i, the ride pii ce of 1 b] B inehj tbe rungs 1 '■ 



,,,,.], square and 9 I-Jfl inches aparl 



r,.'.,". 0. w., i VI. A . c 



inches wide, ■_'" inches 

 the ground to bottom i 

 made of 3 by 4 scruitli 

 boards— tbe sides and » 

 the end planks ] 



H. T. B. ON UNDERDRATNS. 

 i ' wavlA eem thai son i the Eli n u *s a ■ 



pondeuts aro a little outr. in tl,,,, .,, Ii I 



B, fo] in i i . eoonomj ol andsi - 



drains. Ii 1 „■ ■■■ bn "',1* meant 



Ii "'' ■' ,l_ 



ing on those Ifo] 



■ 

 ■ 



county oft tpacl Bit 'soil ■ ' -i-drains work 



i 



