14 



MOOES'S RB&&L WEW-YOHKEH. 



SJkH. 8. 



to prorent culling id. A largo cultivator tooth 

 !y well for ashore). It works well for 

 boy-power, by tying a drag rope U> tbo end of tbe 

 beam. With this a garden can bo gone over in 

 less than a fourth of the time required to hoe it, 

 tbo ame time ma/ be given on different days with 

 so much greater result, as the plowing is nearly ns 

 good as hoeing each time. *-• w. i. 



PEOFITABIE FASHING. 



EM. Knrrw,:— In reading a communication from 

 "A Young Farmer." of Niagara Co., I am led back 

 loyour "Hints on Farm Improvement," Aug. 28th, 





MIIM-I; 



disposition mi Hut part of farmers to improve the 

 symmetry of their farms, not only for the pecuniary 

 benefit nnd Bntj-facl on it affords t hem, but also for 

 the tendency it has of creating on the part of child- 

 ren of farmers, a satisfaction with, and even an ad- 

 miration of, the homes of their parents. I believe a 

 vast amount of good inn I".' done for agriculture — 

 in time to come — simply by farmers demonstrat- 

 ing to their children, thai pn>jU arid pleasure can 

 be derived from its pursuit. 



In tunning the basis of profitable farming, it 

 seems requisite that every available means should 

 be made u«e of whereby to increase the manure 



ran he mo»l cheaply drawn— and chiefly for the 

 use of the nlrrn, if tho farm is mostly tillable— may 





barge, (I ui 



iuk of such land ; 



t of farms in Western New York, and 



ilml ii is mainly tillable.) Although ho produces 

 yearly, on a few acres, a largo ) ield of corn, or any 

 other grain, or crop,— or 1ms reared, during a suc- 

 cession of years, a herd of fine animals, or all stock 

 kepi upon the farm may look sleek and fa),— this, 

 it seems tome, is no pioof of the profitableness of 

 his farming operations. 



Profitable, or even paying, farming, must pay 

 nil the expenses attending the business. Interest 



thai I have worked out doors ail day when it i 

 forty degrees below, you will perhaps think 



have & peculiar kind of cold here. I urn not go 

 to deny its being cold, very cold, but the air is 

 perfectly pure and dry that the BOH I 

 cold does not affect a person here one -quarter as 

 much as it does in tbe seaboard States. And then 

 wo are not troubled with the terribly cold winds 

 sweeping over the proxies, as our more southern 

 neighbors are, our winters are usually very still. 

 I have suffered more from the cold, io a row. 



., the I 



.degr. 



than I e 

 peculiarity of our clir 



snow as they do further south. There is not so 

 much snow hero now as there is at St. Anthony, 

 fifty miles further south, and we rarely have more 

 than eight or ten inches on the ground — there is 

 now about six. The first snow falls usually about 



■■>M Ifr.M 



;i shir 



ea,l of nvi 





7 I Is 



ahead." If it gets very cold, he is careful t 

 his cars covered, his bands in mittens, and 

 his nose once in a while. If the weather i 

 there is no ague in it, and he won't grunil 

 cept at the hard times. In March the snow 

 to melt, and by the tenth of April, if not : 



and , 



go to plo< 

 If t 



the "Mad Itch," had 

 e cattle of California, 



af the appearance of 



on, or rent for tli 

 invested in stock, i 





-also for 





nls — pay the "\ 

 self. To do (hi: 



performed by the furmi 

 quires a lookout on oil sides. A system of general 

 economy must be procliced. Farmers owning 

 farms, paid for, many times make a good show, 

 but their farming will not stand the tost of figures. 

 Out of debl, lluir income exceeds their expenses, 

 nnd they ore prospering, mamlv by the aid of their 

 form, not by their farming. 



Y'ou say divide the f.inn into fields proportionate 

 to the amount of manure made in a year, Ac. I 

 don't like Iht uleaol having the amount of manure 

 made in a year, determine the size of my fields— 

 I would rather make the size of my fields deier- 



, the I 



of I 



would adopt a system, or rotation of crops cover- 

 ing the entire tillable part of the farm. Perma- 

 i.' hi ■ii- I am I can be used to sustain that part in 

 the rotation. Begin by dividing the farm into 

 fields, eortcspomliiig in number with the number 

 of crops in the rotation —allowing some small 



■ blllbhl 



rule t 



arc needed, and have those compute. A good gate, 

 or more, if necessary, to each field. I nm not 

 Satisfied whether five or six enclosures would be 

 best, but, fearing it would not conveniently allow 

 sufficient for pasture, say six. However, I have a 

 poor opinion of a crop of grass the third year after 

 seeding. Ruve three fields in grass and three for 

 tillage— pasturing two grass fields nnd mowing 

 one. I would mako it a rule to feed upon the farm 

 what grows on thrce-fuurths of the whole area, 

 nnd unless the remaining fourth would bring 

 twelve or fifteen per cent, more sold than fed, 

 would include that for feeding also. From so 

 much feeding of animals I should expect a large 

 quantity of valuable manure. In spring apply 

 the manure, generally, to the field longest in grass, 

 and prepare for corn. Tnko the field last in corn 

 for either of several crops. Now, however, as 

 potatoes are iu good demand, I would use field 

 mentioned for corn for potatoes and cattle roots, 

 (.have acres of them,) and mako corn the second 

 tillngo crop, applying the manure then. The 

 third crop should be of sown grain, or such as 

 will admit of seeding the land with a mixture of 

 clover and timothy. Fourth crop for bay. Fifth 

 ond sixth for pasture which brings it around for 

 tillage again. 



Such a system, property carried out, would in- 

 volve considerable expense, nnd require Hie exer- 

 cise of close interest and industry on the part of 

 the former. I can conceive of uo other way of 



making tannin;; prfi:!. ,'■!.- mi hie. h- priced tillable 

 land lliai) to thorough- apply tome general system, 

 when bj sH the laud is brought under. If the np- 

 plicnliou is thorough, every laboring man and 

 ■■M.-n l:ih., in jp iiuimal made to perform his part 

 properly ~n place provided for everything, und 

 ' "■■'''' ■■■ ' ii|.t in place, as near as maybe, I be- 

 '"""' ,l "" " -"it "ill .show at least some profit. 



THE WINTER nj WXWESOTA. 



■>.>.. ap here in Northland tbe Frost-King 

 " ' iprome. Clear, cold nud frosty davs are 

 followed by clearer, colder, and frosticr n j gU t 8 - 

 the sun rises clear ond apparently Wtnn ,,, ,|„ 



1 ■ 



but tbe I 









(Ante a bit, though it does affect things consider 

 ablj ■ • ■• thown when it goes down, f w then jqu 



" ,!l ' ,111 ''''■' ' ' : 'P. ami a anil 



""..illy give away with a musket-lik* 



to thirty -two degrees below lero, and it has not 



d days. Good fires and good 



era** of the day now— then, are 



o the latter, however, wc haven't 



r girls. 



think from reading the above Hint 

 and perhaps ynu have begun to 

 1 m exclaim 

 there," but when I toll you 



cof t 



> be i 



l!)th, 



upon examining them closely, one was found 



considerably swollen about the throat, an 



supposed to be suffering from the bite of a 



snake. Remedies were applied according! 



without affording relief Nothing unusun 



observed about tbe other, except 



great restlessness, and a constant rubbing of II 



nose against the feuccs or whatever came in b 



way. Both cows were found dcud the followir 



were taken, while being driven from pasture, wii 

 violent i trln ii- about the nose and Ii ad, which t hi 

 rubbed until Hie skiu was iu many places con 

 pletc'\ destroyed. Indeed, one of ihcm destroyi 

 her eyes iu her violent efforts for relief. The: 



«;:.- . 



ing. The r 



■roamiuj 



died withtu tbe week ending Ocloher 2flth. An- 

 other cow, belooging to Oscar Nichols, which 

 had pastured with Mr. 13. 's, but which was taken 

 from the pasture some days previous to the first 

 attack, was found dead during the same week, 

 makiug nine cows in seven days. An ox owned 

 by a neighbor or Mr. B.'s, died the following week 

 of the same disease. The disease was never known 

 before about here, and there have been no other 

 cases. They were in great pain and badly bloated. 

 especially about the head and neck, before 1 death. 

 Every remedy that could be heard of was tried, but 



information respecting the disease, or any remedy, 

 the information would be thankfully received. 



THE APIABY- WINTERING BEES. 



■pondent, T, L., of 



s of the 





. bill I 



, chiefly. I think bii 



spring, get as much mixed 

 here as anywhere on this round ball of ours. In 

 other words, ours seems to be the chosen battle 

 ground where the contending elements contest 

 their rights to supremacy, and, from September to 

 July, it seems a rough-and-tumble affair, neither 

 party uppermost long enough to gain any advan- 

 tage. I have kept bees nearly forty years— began 

 by bringing home a swarm from the woods. From 

 this one I have at times had one hundred on hand, 

 and am now wintering over thirty. I have had 

 especial (itid luck iu three ways. First, by allowing 

 the snow to pack so tight at the entrances as to 

 theni,— prevent ion, keep t he snow oway,— 







rthrc 



o they n 





f tbesc. Sometimes 



bl 



up 



ck up the passage; o 

 icr part of the hive, o 





teT™ 



look to i 







and riches 



ttg 



he light on 



os to winto 



— remedy very apparent, r 



any but the very best. Third, by using thin boui 

 lor hives, subjecting them to every change. Nei 

 use boards of less than 1» 4 ' or IJj inches thick, a 

 let them be well made. 



I let my bees stand singly, or in rows uiu 

 shelter, and they come out and go in at plcasu 

 and do uot, on an average, lose over five per ce 

 by winter-killing or starvation. Though tins 

 not a llush country for houey, and this year noi 



.ugh I 



boast of big yields of honey, hut am probably 

 |2,M0 better ofl forthal swarm cut out of a tree, 

 when a lad. Be.vi. Suuusns, 



, crmili.'ii, i i ■ . i' . ' - 



Growing Oxioss.— I noticed a piece in the KuBAl 

 m ivgard to growing onions, and would say to uuy 

 111 who wishes to raise large onions, sow them as 

 soon as the frost is out of the grouud. I sowed 

 iring when the snow was nearly two 

 feet deep i u 8omo parts of ^ &ttrdcn| and mj 

 onions, in the fall, were nearly as large as a common 



GROWING CORN. 



Is tho report of the Agricultural Discussions at 

 Syracuse, during the State Fair, tho question of 

 deep or shallow plowing was much debated. Some 

 advocated shallow— others deep plowing. The 

 writer favored shallow plowing when green-sward 

 was. plowed io for the crop, if upon light land. 

 Theproctice in his neighborhood bos been success- 

 ful, and larger crops have been thus raised than 

 when tbe soil has been turned under to the depth 

 of seven or eight inches. Latterly be has turned 

 under a clover ley as late in the spring as possible. 

 If the manure tbot is to be applied upon tho crop 

 can be put on and spread in the fall so much the 

 better. For the next crop deeper plowing is inva- 

 riably used. On a sandy soil shallow cultivation 

 is preferable, while upon a tenacious one deep tilth 



Many advocoto plowing clayoy soils in fall for 

 the purpose of making them more friable. It may 

 well be doubted whether a teoucious soil is materi- 

 ally benefited by fall cultivation. By those who 

 have carefully examined or experimented on the 

 subject, a different conclusion has been arrived at. 

 The best time to stir a tenacious soil to affect a 

 permanent amelioration ia in the summer. Let 

 anr rnnii prove I am wrong if he can. — p. 



Imprints anu Slnsiucra. 



Rural Spirit of tlje (its 



Ix a period of sixty years, or from 1730 to 

 1 ?.'.*, says the Paris correspondent of tho National 

 Intelligencer, the extent of waste land in Franco 

 has been reduced by four millions nine hundred 

 and forty thousand acres, and of forest two millions 

 four hundred and seventy thousand acres, while 

 plowed land has been increased by 









Wateii Hams can be obtained of all the i uplc 

 ment dealers here and elsewhere, The pr ee i 

 $10, $15, aud $18, according to si/e. Tbe sn dies 



and house, one of the 



excellent posts. We know- 

 posts, now standing, over t' 

 doubt whether soaking in br 

 trouble. Dipping the end* 

 cheap preservative we kne 



to the Red. If any of our 



i, from experi- 



3ribbisg, or crib-biting, is a habit, or vice, am 

 i only be corrected by the use of such appli 

 :es as will prevent the In 



s the 1 



JlldS : 



.ciently wide to enable the 

 animal to pick up his grain or pull his hay, but 

 not to grasp the edge of the manger. When such 

 no apparatus is woru for a considerable time, the 

 horse may become tired of attempting what he 

 cannot accomplish, and forget the habit. Dr. Daoc 

 recommends that common bar so sip be nibbed on 

 tbe edge and outside of the crib, renewing it ivhen- 



obligo-T. W. II., flail's Conors, Ont, Co., tf. T. 



Tbe statement of T. W. H., that bis coarse- 

 breed sheep are more affected with catarrh than 

 are the Merinos, has been noticed aud commented 

 upon by writers on Sheep Husbandry. Ranoall 



every suddei 



aptt 



ige of t 



The best 



care. Good, comfortable, but tvdl ventilated 

 shelters, constantly accessible to the 3beep, at this 

 period of tbe year, with sufficient food, regularly 

 given, is generally all the safe-guard required. 



Hbj 



I Wati 



ElPEDlTIOtiSLT — Having lived 



several years in Western New York and not hav- 

 ing heard there of any more expeditious way of 

 beating water for scalding hogs than the old way 

 of heuting in kettles, I think it would be of great 

 value to tbo farmers or that sectiou to know of the 

 following manner which I have seen tried and 

 know it is more economical, and avoids all danger 

 of being scalded by dipping und carrying hot water. 

 Fdl your scalding tub as full as you wish with 

 cold water, and theu heat it by means of a heated 

 cast-iron— which will be more handy to be in such 

 a shape that you can attach a piece of trace chain 

 to it. A small fire built on tbe ground, of refuse 

 wood, will be sufficient to heal an iron of ES-tts., 

 twice, much quicker than the amount of water 

 could be heated in a kettle, and after tbe water is 

 once made hot and used, it may be made to boil by 

 once beating and submerging the iron. Try it.— 

 II. W., Bloominyton, A'.', LS58 



acres; pastures two millions four hundred aud 

 seventy thousand, and vineyards by one million 

 two hundred aud thirty five thousand. The cul- 

 ture of wheat has increased fifty por cent,, artificial 

 pasturage has trebled, and tho growth of vege- 

 tables advanced from two hundred and fifty thou - 

 ■cs. Tho cultivation of rye 

 percent. Tho produce of 

 silk is quintupled ; sugar has been introduced, and 

 wine has doubled. In 1T8D tbo mean wages of a 

 farm hand were nineteen cents per day ; at present 

 they are thirty cents. Tbe profits of farming have 

 doubled ; still France is half a century behind Eng- 

 land in agricultural skill and prosperity. 



In a recent issue of 

 Ladm, of Canton, an i 



ge* bn Hock when going 



follows:— "Our breeding 



a flock by themselves. T 



vided into flocks of not . 



flock will be put a buck — selecting of ci 



best bucks, and the ewes with refercn 



bucks. Next our last spring lambs an 



eek they bo Bubdi- 



i refer 



andc 



tat wc call ou 

 >r over tbrc 



subdivided according to age 

 e commence feeding. The 



respective stables at night, 

 gulnrly. One of the most 



management of sheep, is to 

 Icr quarters in good healthy 



t of late years lost ovei 



The Scientific American says that blindness is 

 very common among hor.-es in eihei, and attributes 

 it to their confinement in dark stables, and shading 

 their eyes with harness blinders. Upon these 

 premises it argues that the tied -.lu.iild be abolished, 

 nnd that all stables should be dry, roomy struc- 

 tures, provided with windows to afford abundant 

 light, and should be ticijinntly whitewashed. The 

 horse is a native of dry, sunny rogious, and re- 

 quires to be kept dry and warm in order to attain 

 to the greatest perfection. Close and confined 

 stables, just like those which are so common, arc 

 the frequent cause of that violent dis'ase called 



committed among the cavalry horses of France by 



country. This result has been brought about by 

 simply making larger stables, doubling the size of 

 stalls, and securing good ventilation. In propor- 

 tion to their bulk, horses need more fresh air than 

 men, in order to perform the functions of respira- 

 tion, yet they are commonly cooped up in narrow 

 stalls, which are not large enough to keep a dor- 



s lungi 



work. 



io Jefferson Co. Ag. 

 led by Mr. Daniel 



Agricultural ftttecclkm]}. 



WistebMbetingsoj' Agricultural Societis?.— 

 Dunug the present month most f the State, 

 County nnd Town Agricultural Societies will hold 

 their Winter Meetings, for the election of office™ 

 and the transaction of other business for the pres- 

 ent year. Now wo would urge all formers, and 

 particularly those who think the business of tbeir 

 Society has been mismanaged, to attend those 

 Annual Meetings, and do nil they can for the elec- 

 tion of tho very best men for officers and commit- 

 teemen. Those who attend and act to tho best of 

 their nbility for tho good of tbe Society, do their 

 duty; and if wrong is done, either igoorantly or 

 designedly, those who stay oway are responsible, 

 and should be tho last to grumble. But, with a 



s that v 



nil thing, I 

 find fault" 



who net 



.,,,.! I, 





ight direction, are the first and lost to 

 Hi its proceedings. 

 Another thing we have noticed which operates 

 against these Societies, and that is the unwilling- 

 ness of tho best men to take office of trust and re- 

 sponsibility. Wo know that neither pay nor 

 thanks is to bo expected, for the most faithful and 

 laborious discharge of duty, and that censure will 

 be meted out with a most liberal hand on every 

 convenient and inconvenient opportunity ; but tho 



suffer for the general good. Tho consciousness of 

 haiing performed well and faithfully the duties 

 assigned by their fellow-farmers, will be sufficient 

 reword. Wo hope, therefore, that all will go to 

 these meetings, prepared to yield their own feel- 

 ings, and to bear all the responsibilities, and dis- 

 charge all the duties that their associates, in their 

 assembled wisdom may place upon them. 



Experience i 



Draining.— J. K. Walkk 



Springfield, Vt,, 



gives in the New England Fa 





n draining "a piece of wet, 



and uuproducti 



e land." Tho drains were 



three and a hoi 



feet deep, and the bottoms 



The result is given as follows :—" The pieco 

 drained contained a little less than four acres. 

 Last year it was mowed, nnd produced but two 

 loads of poor, sour hay and brakes, hardly worth 

 cutting, but it was an average crop for the land. 

 This spring tho laud was dry, and wo were ena- 

 bled to work it early in tbe season. We plowed 

 under about twenty-five ox-cnrl loads of barn-yard 

 manure to the acre, and planted with corn tho 15lh 

 day of May. The ground was dry and in good 

 condition for receiving the seed, while many pieces 

 considered 'dryland' were much too wet. Tho 

 corn was planted three and o half feet apart each 



plaster and ashes. It was cut up the 10th and 11th 

 1. 1 September, when it was found ripe and sound. 

 We husked from the piece 440 bushels of cars, all 

 merchantable corn. 



My neighbors concur with me in opinion that 

 this crop is worth more than the aggregate crops 

 that tho land has produced for the last fifteen 

 years. It is now in a condition to produce abun- 

 dantly for a series of years without any extra out- 

 lay. This crop has paid me tho whole expenso of 

 underdrawing," 



New York ZWfcfl 



as he has finished milkini 

 set into kettles of boiling \ 

 lowed to remain thirty mi 



et, of a good color, and will bring from two to 

 1 cents per pound more in market, than that 

 lUfactured in the ordinary way. It is worthy 



and sweet oil in cc 

 rather thick paste 





i, of Rowley, Eug., furnishes 



efully c 



i the air effectually, 

 'ise the strength of tho paste will be in a 



?ult from the use of it. De very careful to 



ay all deenwal and ragged parts of the hoof 

 without muking it bleed, if possible. If euppnra- 

 ' n has taken place, carefully clean away all fetid 

 "th a piece of rag or sponge, a little 



wetted in i 

 geuily, wit 

 aused the quieter v 



■ the 



wn here that further large and 

 f guano have been discovered in 

 and formnlly taken possession 

 of the United States, end that 



feet deep. Especially ii 



Cattle Tbakspoktation— Liabilities op Rail- 

 noAns. — A decision bos just been rendered by 

 Judge Druminond, in the United States Circuit 

 Court at Chicago, upon a churn made for damages 

 by Ford vs. Illinois Central Railroad Company. 

 The plaintiff shipped 100 head of cattle at Urbana, 

 111., under a contract for their delivery at Detroit 

 in SO hours. They were detained at Michigan City, 

 on tbe Michigan Central road, 12 hours, and 13 

 hours more at Marshall. Ou arriving at Detroit 



that the remaining ',""• bad so tiered i material depro- 

 cintion. Judgment was rendered for tho plaintiff 

 for $1,260. 



.stinatc, a dose of salts will expedite the 

 e dressing must be repeated pretty fre- 

 ; first and then at longer intervals, ac- 

 i tbe disease seems to require it. When 



tho dressing is 



one the sheep should be kept on 



dry ground, for 



a few hours at least, to give tbe 



diseased parts t 



me to absorb the strength of the 



paste before co 



ling in contact with wet or dirt. 



which would a 



first greatly diminish its good 



effects." 





things, i-aid, "some farmers a 



circle each lot with a wreath composed (iu 



r in the whole) of raspberry and blackberry 



s; docks of various kinds; thistles, both 

 Canada and common ; elder bushes, both red and 



; thorn bushes, yellow top, white weed, Ac. 



nay be iu keeping with their taste, yet affords 

 little profit, except it may be to furnish seeds to 



their whole farm in a short time." 



Illinois State Rom 

 Horticulturists of Wit 

 December, and orgoni* 

 eietj, Tho officers ore 



gton, Prcsidei 





-Tho 



Vie- 



w's met at Springfield in 

 ?d aState Ilortieulhiral So- 

 0, B. Ovbrmam, of Itlooni- 

 of Tamaroa, 



O. B. Caldsha, of Lisbon, Correa- i 

 y; Samuel EnwAnos, of Lamoile, 



oidiug Secretary, and Anruua Butamt, of .' 



