~"-7~" 



_?a,-3l^tL 



! 



TWO Unl.l.AUS A. YEAR.] 



• i'l.'ouREss ^^td i.mpi;ovt:mext: 



[SINGLE NO. POUR CKNT8, 



ROCHESTER, N. Y.— FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATCRMY, JANUARY \ 1859. 



VOL X. NO. 2.( 



[WHOLE NO. I7n. 



MOOREjS RI HAL NEW-YORKER, 



H'f!irti,Tii:u„ umm \\n mini m$v\m. 



■uslnm of il.o.o. !,■ 



inbracoa mure Agricultural, IJoraculHirtl, Bdenlll 



aliens). Literary anil New» Matter, in lent* re, 



reader, i 



ii rally the most profitable to procure 



the best of tin' labor-saving machines in use, as 

 they are moil reliable, and save must time aud 



trouble in the nu - operations ol cultivating, 



seeding, harvest ing, £o, If there are miy doubts 

 in regard to the siiceo-fiil operation of any im- 

 plement, however, it should be taken on trial or 

 terof implements, 

 what you will he 

 ut, hut where you can best supply that 



Now i- tin; tune to make your calculations ns to 

 Rotation of (.-■■., .1 i . ::. neglected by 



many farmer* who are considered wi-e beyond 

 their practice. Decide whut you will do with Ihis 

 and that field— (a map or plot of your {arm, with 

 each lot numbered, will be a pny iiii; investment, if 

 you have none already)— after oonal 

 baa been grown heretofore, and what can most 

 profitably lie produced m future without an undue 

 exhaustion of the elements of fertility. 



The subject of Manwu and Fertili 

 important to many of our readers and should be 

 carefully considered. Those who have not sulli- 



AGRICULTUEAL BOOKS AND EXPERIMENTS, 

 perhaps all, containing useful infonuat,,,!,. i,.i 



down one of tbeae works 



ore col i b to blame for 



entertaining a | ■ ■.■- farming," 



I', i Imp- \vi' u- ii ilve In show them up with all their 

 faults, as the- only means of improving our Agri- 

 cultural Literati".-. A celebrated divine who once 

 couducted an Agricultural Journal, and who, no 

 doubt, often had the same feeling-, lately remarked 

 Agricultural Llta tun • tflei P i n ml 

 of just criticism." And it i i<--tiu< Tl Agri- 

 Press, we (■-■■•x, in iIji- respect, is at fault, and 

 often rcoolved u] od ■ reform But al the 



e find, even in I lie um-t Ijink-, tnanv ;ieat 

 truths, and we fear >■■ sa\ aught t.liat m.n pie.oui 

 Ol the .. «)d betjQUI e it is mixed Willi 



i thu 



.'ill -I e 



THE TIME TO THINK AND PLAN. 



also lii i hi' inipiiivciiieiil ol his estate. The time- 

 I id adage « Imh sattfa "in time of peace pre- 

 pare for war" is as applicable to indn nlnals ,uid 

 lOinmiuiiln - a- it is to omcrmncril- and nations 



< idtivator will, during peaceful Win- 

 ter, malts pro] talnulafionB and preparations (br 



theoctivooporal i thoao-to- peak practical war- 



i ii-ii mi: Spnng ami Summer. There 

 urc many matters wliich may properly and profit- 

 ably mi u|i\ ins atteiitioii, aside from superintend- 

 ing theoduout f bis children, caring for domes- 



,:..! il,,. m, nletilal wmler business ol 

 tlic i.irii). With tli-' foresight of an experienced 

 Command. I In' should consider and mature, while 



..i ,.) winter quarters, the 

 detailed plan of the approaching season's cam- 

 paign — thus carefully preparing his plana in 



regard to tins or Unit operation, and being . -nabl, -.1 

 to bring bis forced Into action al the earliest prac- 

 ticable in.nl, , is wit da to increase the same 



whenever necessary to secure completion and 

 success. He should thoroughly understand his 

 position and condition — whether the season's 

 labors have been properly rewarded, nud if not, 

 1 li.iliu.', so that lie may be enabled to 

 profit by post experience. If a change of crops, or 

 sy:-.ti;in ..I i.pn uliiuis, is imperative to advantage- 

 ous, profitable farming, thr .picstiou as to what 



and ludn. . .-iHiiat, , founded upon unmistakable 

 I very change is not an itn- 



: bul such mi one would be likely to 



prove i i the battel And when any particular 

 course of action is adopted, lei it bi 

 id fata oafniiian G i 



IICCCSS. Many 

 on important victory (in rural as well us battle- 

 field) has been achieved by careful planning, 

 lolloped by prompt and energetic action, which 

 Wool.! have proved a defeat h.i.I tlic mental labor 

 ■! I nil. .si. the farmer has 

 i «f and u 



warrior, statesman, or professional man — and the 

 "i'-ailiai there is no necessity I'oi . 



Iniag in the pursuit of Agriculture is 

 ": the dark ages i while Itl 



I the so-called 

 lighl ol thi 



speak i n. 



lideimtiOB and ciph 



under the ii.-cs~.ity of purchasing elsewhere, or 



dispensing with (ettfltzors. if any are procured 

 from abroad it is well to ascertain their compara- 

 tive value, as well as to understand their prepara- 

 tion for, and adaptation and npphcat lo tin.- soil 



to be cultivated. The right principle is to -n/. . / 



withstanding the crops produced, 



j ' 

 mented rathtr than diminUhtd, How this can 



besl !"■ d is a Question for each cultivator to 



<l.i 'ii fill himself, taking the quality of his 



soil, location, and other circumstances into the 



/><'/> TiUn-j, mid Vmh r ><l 'mini h»j are not only 

 profitable in most Localities, but (as a consequence) 

 becomiug soiuewhal popular — though we fear 

 more in theory than practice, Would it uothewell 

 for those whose farms might be enriched by these 

 pr.ii.v"cs, to thoroughly inform themselves during 

 the present winter, and act (so far us eousisleut.) 

 rdancc with the knowledge acquired? A 

 little experimenting will not cost much, and may- 

 result in great advantage. " Prove all things," Ac. 



The Znprovmtnt Of Stock is a matter of great 



importance, yet so proverbially mud we bad almost 



criminally.) neglected in many localities ns to 



to the conclusion that farmers cannot, or do 



read, think and figure for themselves Though 



nearly as easy am! cheap to produce an animal 



worth %\W as it is to raise one which will -ill for 



only or less than half that amount, the great mass 



of farmer- ■: '' , still persist in using SCTub Sires, 



than pay the paltry sum of one. Ii. .-. m ten 



dollarsfor the service- of a superior animal. If 



'what is worth doing at all is worth doing well," 

 s a correct maxim, it applies to the bn- 1 _- n-i 

 arc of domestic animals — a branch in which there 

 s abnndaut room for well doing, tor on many farms 

 ny change would result m improvement. 



T/u Improvement of tfa Homestead Is a good 

 lubjecl for consideration and planning at the pres 

 cut time. The repairing and making offences, thi 

 planting of fruit and ornamental trees and shrnb- 

 • repair of buildings, and like 

 render the homestead what h 

 ;rs worthy of prcM nt th«mjht 

 and nction in the not distant future. To say notb 

 ing of the profit of such invent men Is — in conveni 

 eiue and enhancement of the value of any farm — 

 thev ;.uy in tending to render home n 

 happy to the young, who might otherwise hi 

 wanderers and outeuata. 



But our suggestions arc becoming 

 not tedious, and perchance are unnecessary 



BXffepI lot I ■■■' '■■ "i theii icidin- 

 and, though we might make many mlditions, the 



above must suffice for the present The subject 



B fruitful on.-, am! as it i- far from being exhausted 



I'luiii. we may recur to it ere long. 



Meantime we trust lhc-e lustily penned hints will 



incite many who should do so, to Think and Plas 



i mg the 

 leisure they are now eqjoj bag. 



■ 



■ ■' 

 several mattW 



■ 



■ 

 ■ 

 . .,,..- 1 [mpoi i hi' '■ 

 and profitable cultivation are pn i 

 ■ 



.-.■■■ 

 Uke it for granted, is carefully s : ■ 

 tr.mi the decay and i 

 i**d br exposure lo alternate Storm and Sun- 

 RTbat will be wanted, and ascertain 

 Is, as well aa price and where obtain j- 



berv, the t 



items which tend ti 



thould be, are uuil 



Thegrcatfil pari moj fl borrowed or stolen 

 iomo previous writer, the dittle J.hat is origi- 

 nal may be unreliable, or evidently untiu-, l.i.i «e 



spare the evil lor the frk<- nl the good, and m Ibis 



have the example of II im who cam 1 1, is ho 



aid have spared even Sodom for the sake nl Hie 



llteous. Tln'1'. v ''on- I. elves with the 



thought that the farmers of tluseoiinu \ 

 '(•; us well lis a i ■■ olio- < L . . - - . men of -nod 



DNDERDSAINING. 



woulddotoditch.ondwhen il n dnol [rcoom- 



mendi d awd< \ U on, not ■ . bul I 



'■'I'd -I- .-lii.n. i- ■■ !lv do ul.oiii the par-ou- 



persist m putting t ne side or the other, and, of 



com le, on the B ■■■ 

 i gave mj cv. .ii, ui li-jriid Stan Johnston, a 



■ lo ditch, liojnngto mukv it all siuoolh 

 iu that quarter, but he is not to be bought off so — 



be i- all, i- DM tn-l ot all 



My strictures m h i\ rittctl uOde) thi 



I hat I he advocates of draining hud in. I cou-ldeieil, 



at le ' i. had not stated " ith mffieienl dlsttactne is, 

 the limitations nod qualifications that belong to 



this subject. 



1 assume that theie is a large class of lands that 

 do not ne. d draining At all— as I'm- instance, sandy 

 and gravelly soils, and. indeed, a 1 1 soils that have a 

 . 



S — ut, I assume thai there Is il ■ 



■ ■i i :■■! oi quality ol sod, 



le re In u Let. ami wliich, to drain Ihem 



.horoughly, wonhl require an out lav which il would 

 not bG pludent io incur This class of land-, 



I I m ■ 1 1 ■_' 1 1 il rained, would still be inferior ,•<■<;>, I am Is. 

 and tbev tinswei vei v will bn ■■'/■.( withoul under- 



e«. ra «.ll.vc.p,.b,, ,.l ,,i,„,., il, .,ii i,.„„ : , lf(| ,_ uc L| K ^ 



A COBJUBPOXDINt of the Lynn X>ir» gives a 

 recipe for a cheap composition with winch !,■ iks i-.i 

 roofs may be eQi-clually stopped. Having a leaky 

 " I .," he mus — "I made a composition of four 

 a, one pin! linseed oil, and one ounce 

 red lead, applied it hot with a brush to the part 

 ,1 in the mam QOUSe, It 

 has never leaked since 1 then recommended the 



gbbor, who bud a dormer 



■ idlj. He applied it, and 

 I 



mended il for 



■lows etc., and it has always proved 



the wheat, and in uo danger of swallowing indis- 

 criminately the good uuil the bad 



When speaking of Agi iculi ni'al t',.lh L e , in a 

 late number, we slated the great want was compe- 

 tent prqftttmv, wiiliont which Collcg ganiza- 



lious and building': were worthies-. U. an 

 equally destitvito . f enraipctfat agricnlturnl book. 



writers, Who, in ull ihis land, is competent to 



give us a good and reliable work on practical agi i- 

 cntture? not theories that have been proved a 



thou.siind times imr vi- ny ideas that never 



will be proved — hut a book L'ivmg the teaching- of 

 experience, the results of well-tried experiments, 

 t.uchiny truth in a manner not to be gainsnyed. A 

 life-time and a fortune might be well spent iu the 

 accumulation of fuels for such a book, but. when 

 accomplished it would be a hle--ing to the country 

 and the world, and place the author's name on the 

 roll of fame, away out of sight of the journeymen 

 hook-makers who manufacture books to suit their 

 employers, the publishers. 



Perhaps it is better that we make poor books 

 than none, only we fear these inferior things dis- 

 courage the ucci'-sary effort for something better; 

 fur if a poor book that costs about nothing will sell, 

 who can expect u man lo spend Ins. ner-,, , i.il, Mi- 

 ami means— the best rears of his life— iu gathering 

 materials for a good book, when the public taste 

 seems fully satisfied with an article lh.it co-Is so 



The best part of our Agricnllnral Literature is to 

 be found iu the Agricultural Journals — in the com- 

 rnnni, aiion-nl I aimers. Here we have simple/tier** 



truths which nature utttrt in her own unmistaka- 

 ble language. It is to he regretted that these experi- 

 ments are not always made with such care as to 

 give in all cases n " certain sound," and it is to call 

 especial attention to the importance of utr.j'nl 

 experiment* th%t we now allude to the subject. It 

 is the duty of every farmer lo gain all the light he 

 can, and to let that light shine. In no way can 

 valuable knowledge be gamed so well us In watch- 

 ing with an eager eye the reaulta of different sys- 

 systems of culture, different manures, crops, Ac, 

 while the Agricultural .InnriiaU furnish tin- best 

 means for presenting the facts to the world. 



The tolloiung extract from L'<xr„,, ,■' '.. /.- '■'■ I ■', 



writlcn by Arthur 70DH0, in j rn-., ii as important 

 uud truthful now as it was when penned, nearly a 

 hundred years ago :— "The publication of experi- 

 ments, really made, faithfully related, and suffi- 

 ciently authenticated, is of great ami nnpoiiaui 

 ■■ to the public good. But the 



I k- u Inch are published 



under the title Of General Treatises and Sv stems, 

 comprehending more od-, articles of culture) A..- , 

 than any one man COD ' M"i uneiitally have a 

 knowledge of. consisting of the most held on, ne- 

 ons parts, purloined out ol former books on the 

 siime subjects, without B 00011000 I 

 discover the good from the had. It b , 

 several times, and with very great justice, thai 

 what we want is a Book QJ I: . .,■. 



practical husbandman, who occupies a farm, would 

 only keep an exacl registei of all ti 

 such u collection would form, as faros it extended, 

 B bat wchaveare 

 the author's i. ■■'■ 

 bled him to reflect i and from which we might 



it Truth Unit dona, matter of 



opinion b hi b n e to or reject, 



according toour private iioiions." 



The facts are // ■.■-.'.: — inferences | od 

 may be true or false. Let us then, have the fuels, 

 no matter what l he v teach — even should they orcr- 



! of 



■ ■ ' . 



hull , 



mil,-,, i o 



: Ibe 



,.-. ,1„ 



l,.,,k well i 



suggest, n oh all i lesty, it would 



lio-e , ■--,,! i-ls llial have -tilled |he 



industriously, to atop the course of 



11,,,, on.iioieiii-nl- Imin el .' Il lo make the 



exception. <9<.. -//./,,/ of the habitable globe U 

 worthyi i brit) »■■■ u even Bj world-wide reform 



crs like us. 1 assumed, h,,ni e ,|..i leuc-, lie. I tin- 



class of lands would bear grass profitably « it I I 



ii n i lord i aiii ing. I have owned sin. I. lands and occu- 

 pied them for graving purposes for many years, 

 iw.\ I have alwius made them pav . Mr. Uavih 

 McWetuev, of \\'ctheis-field, second to no man 



m \\ v ng Co.. us a tboiinlllLid m ,1 



I. inner, agrees Willi me uiln-'h in llu- mailer. 

 Mr. Newman, of New Hudson, .Mh-gauy ('., a uti 

 successful farmer, who made his money by dairy, 

 ing on the clay hills, soul- as folly the idea of un 



dcrdniiuing the,,, Nineteen out oi twenty ol oui 

 practical men will assent to the same proposition 

 Yon may underdrain one of these hnrd-pan farms 

 thoroughly, (that is, run the drains near enough 

 draw the watci from tin- whole extent,) and no m; 

 in the universe will buy it and pay charges. Thia 

 ought lo be sufficient — but 1 will forlMv tin Q 

 opinions by the testimony of n gentleman of great 

 iotelligen, ■-. Extensive knov ledge ond wide expe- 

 rience. He says:— "It is true, I think, that the 

 hard-pan hills of Cultaraugn- will not at present 

 pay for under-draining, although 1 think they would 

 pay well for surface draining ; thai is, drains from 

 seven inches to one foot deep, not parallel up the 

 hills, butslanttm; acms- th.m.v, ilh as easy a de- 

 scent as possible. I have seen many thousand 

 acres of wet hills drained in Ihis way, the aquatic 

 gross, vushes and all, soon dying out, and I'm 

 nutritious gra- ■ ' ,.'■■■. lover, taking 



their place, making the hills keep 

 stock of either sheep or cattle, and beeping them 

 iu much bettercondition, with much less mortality, 

 especially amongst tin -be.|i A still better plan 

 to drain those w.t lulls. 1 thud;, would be to plow 

 and scrape the ditches three tot and OVCI 10 v\ nlih, 



spreading the earth on the grass, and in ibis way 



the ditches would uot get trodden ■ but by cattle, 

 Some may think there would be a waste ofland by 

 these large ditches, but I have no doubt the earth 

 spread on the land would make it produce much 

 more than if small ditches uco constructed." 



See Mr. Jons." Johnston's response lo II. T. II. 

 Rmut Ntw-VoitKEit, Nov. 20, 1858. 

 My respects to W, it. p, ifi,-/.on/,/ conclude in go 

 the tropics, there is no man I would sooner go with 

 than my friend W. B. P.— provided always and 

 r-xprifxJij, that the dreaded "Sorghum" should 

 invade our relrcul If it should, why then, 

 rnn-i take to bear skins and the poles. Hut if 



going depends upon the contingency ol lelllog 



drained "hard-pan laud" for the OOSt nf the mi 

 pi oui i.. i its. Ac., I fear we are Mill h! 

 a long tune away from the sunny South, 



One corn-spoil. I. ni liorn Ni.._-am takes it hard 

 because I made it cost ii7, per acre to drain effec- 

 tually the land referred to. I cannot accommodate 

 bin, Otherwise than In. 

 1100 pi r OCTC, which I Consider nearer the ri 



cost. I know aa well as be *>w «»' - l,iJI ' 



draining in loose soil can be mad.' for I' -- *«> '">' 



estimate, especially w I,, n (I,. ioil. •- half done 



but I have drained hard pan l.» 



cost — it is bud digging 



bad digging when it is 



always three 



and nreU-fllled up 



should the stones 



1 l kumv the 



- in. ni, i be 



drjw strong, 



u-ly placed but a large amount ol ".■bulking" 



raid be done. Whoever lata out a ditch to be 



■ ,| h\ il,,' lowest bidder, and leaves 

 1 Inmself, is a man of strong faith. 



i uco, could believe that tile In 



:iou* clay would drain a great di-tauec. bul lih- 

 lonlil -.■■■in in -I Ihe miee. I 



hai e p ut m I ile, and then 111 ltd in with small stones. 



r.,,11,-1 -ing uill 'ilclhgejil [.Mince ,,, thi' 



Sniilbe, ii Tier," he aid, " we I, are plenty of land 



that yon can't make dry without ditching ovary 

 four feet,— no. not thcu ; for I trill show vmi | I, 



ter standi id b b una 



Out '■ , , orufi end a "■ i ounl the i a il of draining 

 is hit,,! fin- himself. 

 I will only observe further that gentlemen will 



"in" thai I p| d tn ditching 



I ion .ipposed to ditching -moe .oil- ol land. 



. A GOOD FARM GATE, 



88QS. Eos.:— In n late Dumber of the Ri iui • 

 ispondont inquired for the besl mode ol onac 



struct ing a farm -iiii-.mnl I:i,viii„ en ■ -pi, use 



to, I venture to forward mj p] in l prefer. I 

 double gate, which I think the cheapest io thj 



ami the weiglii being mi two posts instead 

 e, they aie less liable to sn- and nick, thus 



beino ni",. «i in able. The mode of cooatrucW 



plainly shown in the nbovW sfeotch. The heel 

 pieces, a a, arc 3 by i inch joist. Toe', boards 



same as slats. 1 tale 1 i .Is, sn\ '.' 



wide, and slit through the middle for slatsSes, 

 and brftccav«Set the slats in the heel lb, h. or, if 

 preferred, mortice ami tenon through the centre. 

 The deta bed brace \ ihows the method of in- 



sci I mil. The jam hnai ,1 , , 1 put on thi - -ide nf (he 



left gate projecting two inches for thol f He- 

 right gate to strike again. t. This (mm. an uper 

 ture for the end of the holt or slide ./, which, slid 



m. i , itens the gate, To fasten the lefl gate, f put 

 a post in the ground jusi ill i 



Su low as not to interfere with anything passing 

 over it. place two brackets, on the gate for the boll 

 to play through, and a staple in the post for the 

 .i,,|.,i the bolt to eater. Most any kind of hinge 



Will an loi.lmt th. bl '■ ■" \t "' K°*t& 0aai 



iron, will, thread cut 00 U shown In the drawing 



ThesooJ the right she to follow .. i .■ 

 hold any gate, and hould the g itc 



leniednil, bv -ore.i nig in (he l"p bin ■" ' " '■'■ 



ing i, ■ bottom ■ ■■■■ , The plan 



th.it any man with the I 



tools, can build a pair m .i i 

 "niy i- required, 1 should Ii 



DCheS, and by putt: 



Y.. Williams. 



i and a. few 



■ I,. 

 the comer of 

 equally well. 



A HAND PLOW. 



■■ ■ . . 



fltcd bl liaving tin- gtuiind -iiired frciiuently 



„ r nl tin in M ■[■ei atiou both 



...'lorn ■■ 



i : i awing nf a small shovel pit 



. 

 wheel bftRov SI bi re 



objj ■ i. it ii a very expedition machine The beam 

 ifltnadebyse, i hard wood 



b,,,,,| The wheel should haveu "broad tread" 



:'\ ? h 



