TWO DOI^LAHS A YJiAE.] 



■PKOGIIKSS AND IMPROVEMENT.' 



[single; no. eohk cents. 



VOL X. NO. 9.1 



ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1859. 



(WHOLE NO. 477. 



MOORE'S RURAL XEJV-YORKEB, 



RCRA!,, LBSllABI AND FA!i[l.lT NEWSPAPER 

 With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 





INUTJIRIES AND NOTES. 



loftoit over Injure! il, and be 



,. 7',./-, 



must be kept up against the iireods, for if tiny gel 

 the start it will la- almusi impossible to eradicate 

 them without destroying the plants, Sonic burn 

 brush over their scud beds just before sowing, for 

 ; ili^tn.j, ing the seeds of the weeds. 

 Soil aKD PtAKTTXO, — To grow ii good crop, 

 coming near to u tuu uu acre, requires very rich 

 land. Well rotted stable or hog manure should be 

 used in abundance and the ground be well pre- 

 pared by plowing and dragging. From the first to 

 (be fifteenth of Juno the plants will be ready to set 

 in the field, and this work should bo done on a 

 damp day if possible. In taking up the plants, 

 care should be exercised SO as to injure the roots 

 as little as possible. A few should be reserved in 

 I In.- seed bed to replace (bos,- plant* that may not 

 grow, or be killed by the grub. The best distance, 

 perhiiji-, is two feet in the rows, and the rows three 

 feet apart, so as to admit of the use of the cultiva- 

 « ay 



Cultuhb, Toppiso akd Cutting.— The aftercul- 

 ture is similar to Hint for corn— keeping the ground 

 light, and the weeds destroyed. The hill, if nuy, 

 around the plant must be low, or it will interfere 

 with the lower leaves. The tobacco worm some- 

 ninkcs its appearance about the time of the 

 ond hming, eating holes in the leaves, and 

 st bo searched for on llic under sides of the 

 ies and destroyed. 



is soon as the (lower bods appear, the lops must 

 broken off three leaves below the buds, which 

 I increase the growth of the lower leaves. This 

 ping causes shoots to start out at the base of 

 li leaf, and these shoots must be broken ofl" in 

 mt .-.(flit days after the topping, or they, too, 

 i" t.m jrnwfh of the leaves, ami Mill further 



'In- tmu In] cutting the crop is from the Titli of 



ping. The plant should be cut with a hatchet 



ween the lower leaves and the ground, and be 



>wed to lay on the ground loDg enough to wilt 



i leaves, so that they may be handled without 



breaking, but not exposed to the noonday sun, or 



they will become scorched and worthless. It is 



necessary, therefore, to cut early in the morning 



the evening, and in either case it should be 



housed before noon. In all the operations care 



be taken not to tear or injure the leaves. 



Tin- operati 



.-..,, , 



■ 



■''■' I ■'■■ ""'I "'here run IN. *,-,-, I l„. pmcim-il' 



"' ""' manner and lime oTplanflng, 



— *'. »., Brooklyn, v. r 



Tllt above are ipeein r the inquiries we 



have received arlyall part, of tbooountry, 



i.n the lubjeotof growing /.',..., fthowingogreaf 



demand for information, ami a disposition in rftlj 



many to oa gage In Its culture, The growing nod 



mrioeol lobn . ..; [iop 8t iu, 



newhatofa 



lll.llnlliielutiilg np.-Ulli .11, lr,,l, -_■ ...,„,,., kill ill 1.1 



experience, and Hie necessary fixtures and con- 



k1 ' '"'''* ,l "' outing and packing, I !.■:,. ,■, man] 



"'" «"«>■■ »' il,.. ..:„,,,■,,, „ Ul! | fu ,| i u deed. 



nearly all will be likely tn fail in a ,.. 



tothj Brat Mi,,,,,,. f,„ ln.vnvt.MH.il fl,e ,|„,, Jt 



'' '-'■ much mu I bi leaned bycxpe- 

 rienee Tin- extant of our experience io the busi- 



UBUfaas been confined to I. a pi, ■ 



•it'll, I. nt e,e |,.,vo ivali-li.'d ini carefully the .i]n- 



ran. m- ol tba luteal end beet growei - in thj 



■Mtton ft( the country, and the facta we have 



l« I ; '"' ■ beerrallj given it n I 



1,1 ■''' "■" ,h!1 ' ■ ''■" ti the .■■■■ i dm of practice,! 



■■ ■ die facts. 

 ill tiooecd in .mi ..limine where com 

 1VI " "i"'"- ■ IU ' 1 1II|( " good ■ 



rhc tobacco grown at ihi m 



• nod for Ihi-. 



... :, .l.|, ■!,,. 



■ u f.,r cigar 

 wrapper, and ■ ell fot , ^ ^ ^ 



rf smaller 



aud broken leaves, ami, I,, ,,,.,„, ,, 



■ ' ' ■ filtlng The 



"»«* °.u*Hty. : mnehbroken 



r,-.l. Ac, are used foi i 

 ■ 

 at a Ion prloc 



d -.i most f„„ r 

 I, i.n an ounce or 



■ ' ■ 



red narrow bed; 

 I With saud, as in 



■ 





tbeli 



ng on poles 



buceo house or shed, the butts being fasteued 



the poles and the jaunt- bunging downwards. The 



ts arc fastened to the poles with twine, about 



nehes apart, and the poles about one foot 



t. It will be necessary to bave a circulation 



r through the building, but when the wind is 



high, unless the building is closed, the leaves will 



injured. As soon as sufficiently cured, it may 



taken down and the leaves stripped from the 



Ik-. It will generally be in this stale, about the 



first of December. If, on a dry day the leaf stalk 



from near the butt, it is sufficiently 



cured to takedown and ship. Tin- tobacco grower, 



while stripping assorts into different grades, the 



largest, soundest and best colored leave- bf ing put 



the first class, and the narrow, lorn and light 



colored leaves make the second class. Some 



growers make three grades. There is a g 1 d,,,l 



of difference in the value, the price ranging from 

 ul ■ a ] i.i Ah.r the leai at are 



e I'-' into " hands," by taking it 



large handful, with the butts even, and binding a 

 hold them together. These 

 then packed away in a stack, with the 

 butts ami the points ol the leaves oTer-Iopplng 



eaeb ntlier, ami in flu- way the leaves will be kept 



soft and pliable, and the butts be more thoroughly 

 con I Tobacco should not be handle. l when [1 is 

 dry and harsh, and all handling is betlei d.mi-on u 

 damp day 



The last and most important opera- 

 eeating. This operation is ihu pet I irmi d. 

 ■e made about two feet four Inches by three 

 inches. Into the* boxea the "hands" of 

 ore placed, lengthwise of the box, the 

 butte at the end. In this way the box is filled. A 

 heavy ••follower" of two inch plank, just made Io 

 fit the inside of the box, is then pressed upon it 

 with a lever or screw. The top or ■•follower" is 

 thl n removed, and more tobacco put in ami pressed, 

 and so on until the case is full of pressed tobacco, 

 and thes* Cases will generally contain from three 

 to four hundred pounds. After the box is full the 

 is removed, and tbeeorer nailed on, 

 and the ra s e s packed away in a dry close building, 



i its! remain during the i 

 until tali, whi o ■ a arket. When 

 ■■ ii io .i -i Id beaofl and 



pliable without being wet or sticky 1 

 r*»r» to* damp may be pg 

 or dried. 



t*1°. def, ? d c " ,iri, - v B P«> «w manegement.- 

 ! or so will, as a general 



B ■-,.-■ 



Farmers who g 



thing, find more trouble than protil frnm il- ml 

 ture, as it will int.rt'.-ie w-ry hutch with ..t'..r \> m k, 

 and in consequence be neglected at some critical 

 point which Will v.rv OlUOb lessen iis value; or 

 the injury done by negleel of other crops « ill de- 

 stroy more than ibe profit, rcali/i-d fu.m the 

 tobacco. Without a suitable building, one erect- 

 ed for the purpose, it is almost impossible to 

 cure it properly. This is ao expense (hat a small 

 business will not warrant. Those who engage 

 largely in tobacco raising, take pains to learn all 

 that they can from the experience of id her, and 

 erect suitable buildings, if they are careful, enter- 

 prising men, and not discouraged, though at first 

 they fail, will no doubt find it « very profitable 



vet:. -tali all "liumbug," 



r " luooaihine," 

 > be affected by 



banging mood*, 



n Mpt/lnl purl 

 Html during 



O, r. < 



i, when the seeds b 



• Rii 



lie whole ; ;i"iind, iin-rcly f.ir tht* sakent" lirgil- 

 , would be fruitless. We would be pleased, 

 however, to ask "S. S. S " a few questions. If 

 the influence of LoKA is so "gentW*, why attribute 

 great an effect In so slight a cause? Why choose 

 the "close of Ihe season"— the Inst of the summer 

 months, when hot and dry it tht ml, f Will tin- 

 bark peel more readily during the new than the 

 loon in the preceding months of June and 

 July* The moon does not require n/ull month to 

 aud wane — and in process of time tht laitof 

 •mt has it* new moon — does our correspondent 

 [dor himself most governed by the date of that 

 particular month or the condition of the moon ? Is 

 ie fact that the hemlock peels readily in early- 

 September more attributable to the " midsummer 

 flow of sap" than to any influence lunar rays can 

 '! Our nurserymen, in ordinan "M-nn-, ean- 

 nd at the very season when "S. S. S." finds 

 nli difficulty in procuring tan-bark and for 

 line reason— the external covering of the fruil 

 adheres so strongly; but in September, 

 moon or nut, the rem wed How of sap ena- 

 bles them to operate. If the advocates of the 

 tli.. nv iii v. hi-.-h our corresp. indent seems to be so 



firm a believer, will a 

 elusions in reference t 



the actio 



ie tangible co 

 of the moon 



vegetation— attribute it to 7nat, C.jht , or BO) 

 other of the known necessary agents of growth 

 the vegetable world— we Will endeavor to meet t 

 subject,— we have neither time nor space '■ Io b. 

 the bush" in the columns of the Nbw-YoRKEU, 



II win.:, several y Li rolls keepin;- 1 h rough Itieiviu- 



r, I w.iul.l like I.i know whellier it is, Lest to give tliem 

 ny grain. K\i..riefieeil lir...-.lers -uy ll.,-y should not 



ave any, while all hooks on the sndjiii *ny [he; si I.I 



ave from a pint to a quart of oaU per day. Now, 

 hlcb Is right?— As Old SeiKMiinni, Qgdetl, X. V 

 If the " bin 1 -I say we he- 



eve their error is on the side of rijlt. At no af- 

 .or period in the life of the foal will liberal feeding 

 become u principle of so great importance as du- 

 ring the period of growth — and for llic first few 

 in. mdis after weaning thi" is particularly the case. 

 St:irYuli,,i] - or short-allowance, if the latter term 

 is preferred —is the last imjde to make fine ani- 

 mals. Bad htep never made a good colt ; good cart, 

 i- e., judicious treatment, we do not think is a sure 



r I In ruin. When quite young the oats might 



to be bruised, thus aiding the digestive organs in 



the tii II performance of the duties the .en . : 



nature bus assigned. 



mj.iir 



d Bo- 



ha.!., if [here 

 Pulhuy, _v ) 



' horses frequently over-reach so as 



strik.- the toes of the hind-shoe against the f. 

 ones, causing the dieting mentioned by our c 

 The fact should be made known 

 the .south, and, if he is thi 



. ii,,. i..,. ,.i 

 the bind-shoes ami widening the nob P." 



ug the check-rein will do — elcva- 



.. the borw will somi 



the evil. 



Wf. take pleasure in giving the accompanying 

 illustration and description of n Hop asd Hat 

 FrbSS invented by one of our subscribers, whom 

 we have long known ns an active friend of Rural 

 Improvement. The inventor claims for this Press 

 many advantages, such as great simplicity, porta- 

 bility, Ac. Among cither tilings the patentee states 

 that "when, as often happens in presses, the fol- 

 lower in its descent takes an inclined position, the 

 press will not of course operate with entire free- 

 dom, but in the Hop aud Hay Press this difficulty 

 has received speeiul at tent iuti.uud been successfully 

 overcome." We copy Ibe following description 



■ The 



a pel -[.'•. 



which is fitted a follower or plunger, capable of 

 working freely np-aud down. C, is a bar Hint is 

 placed on the top of thcfiilluwc-rand longitudinally 

 with it, the ends of the bar projecting beyond the 

 cuds i if I lie follower, ami lm\ nig a T- -Imped ■,h,l, <i, 

 made vertically in each end. On each end of the 

 bar, C, a cap, D, is placed, having oblong slots 

 made through them. Tin — , cap- are provided at 

 each end with a bundle, r, and on each cap a ptale, 

 E, is placed, pas-ing between guides, ./, wlmb 

 form part of the cop, D. The plates ore adjusted 

 by crank handles, F, ml screws, e, which pass 



" To the boltom of the case or box, A, a bar, G, 

 is attached. This bar projects beyond the box at 

 each end, and (o il a chain, H, is attached. To the 

 upper end of the chain a screw, I, Is sec I, and 



these screws pass through the inner part of the 

 slots, a, in the bar, r, through the slots in D, 



above the plate, E. Each nut is surrounded by 

 leelli, ,,, into which a spring pawl, K, catches.— 

 These pawls are lifted in sockets, L, that can move 

 freely upon the nuts. In these sockets, I., band 

 levers, M, are placed, to operate llic press. 



"Each side of the case or box, A, at its upper 

 part is formed a series of slats, ft, which are placed 

 one over the other between proper guides, ■•■ that 

 tbey may be withdrawn as the follower de-.-.-mis, 



ami lln- siili-t.m.-e within I ho Imv i- compressed. 



'II [..ran. in is as follows :— The follower is de- 



prrs-r.l ii].,.:. ti,,. Imps, b.iv oi cotton, by turning 

 the hand levcs, M, ami consequently Ihe nuts, so 

 that as they are made to descend on the screws, 1, 

 they carry (', ami (lie follower « itb I hem Should 

 the follower become inclined, flm -crew*, I, have 

 room to move iii Ihe T-shaped slut,-,, so thai it will 

 operate the follower when incline. I, and gradually 

 i ii. ike il level. Many of th< -. m .-..•■. ,li e :n ns, |',, r 



imp pressingj i iti faction." 



We mi> add thai thi ■ Pres i hjs been awarded 

 the first' Premium at Pairs in three of the most 

 .-. ing ■- ction ■ "' iln Stale — Otsego, 

 Madison and Oneida. For price, Ac, see adver- 

 tisement in this paper, 



AGEICTTLTTTRE IN OHIO. 



Mkssrs. Ens.: Some of the statements and faefs 

 contained in the Ohm Agricultural Report for 

 Is.".", recently published, 1 have ihouglil might 

 very profitably have a wider circulation through 

 the pages of the Rchal. 



From this report it appears that Ohio has of 

 land, actually cultivated, ; 

 about 6,600,000 are plow land, ami 

 meadow land, the remainder being in Orchards; 

 . .nls, .Ac. 



The great crops of Ihe State arc Wheat and 

 Corn. The wheat crop is first in importance, so 



■ ■ nitl.el is coneei-iied, llmne/li I'.-r 



.unption,in feeding cattle, Bwine,£c, 

 tin .in n ri..]. -li.nilrl, pci Imps, take id. 



The average of wheat per acre m about thirtci 



bushels, and of en n tbirty-four bushels; the num- 

 ber of acres devoted to the former 

 coming less, while the area of corn laud is M COD " 



stantly increasiiiL',— showinc thn( t 1 • ■ 

 eonsnl.ied more reliable and prediMble. Tliew.ieat 

 OJOp (bi W57 i- estimated ..' tw.-nit -eight million 



bushels— the eorncrop for 1857Ui 

 sixty to ninety million bushels. Ki I 

 area of land devoid to wheal hen gradually 

 I bat also the 



-nee yield pel 



I'll.l. 



wonders here, as ii does 



- ■ 

 i.. : t to a rerj limited extent, although a very 



large proportion of the arable soil of Ohio is ..( 



that kind tohe espeeiallj benefited bj Ibe process, 

 viz,, a clayey loam, or si ill' clay. 

 Steak-growing is a ?ory important branch of our 



farmiiiL'-" "ti H.-.'iOhio-hippcl 



market over forty-three thous I cattle for beef; 



in 1857 i. vm thirty thouaand. 



■ ., ,., ,.,, -f.ij.I- productions, |,i,i 

 great I v ditiiini-li.il ln"» ' lli - il " ''"'* been, and still 



rapidly din •him:. <<■■'•' ibe "'"tit of suitable pro- 



■ ,',.,-, udi.l, do l„i- more injury to 

 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ever did. 

 i ..■ .!•.... . i-verywhere, a 



greal lax "i 1 "" formers, mid annuall] ineret ting, 



hi tabic (or (be j, hi |,ose i- diiiuin-li- 



ing. II i« estimated thai ovei ei [htj mi of 



dollars is actually invested m tin . 3l 



on farms. Many expel uneii's ore making with 



The culture of the grape is attracting con-idcra- 



ble attention. The amount ..i land nou deroted 

 to the culture of the gi ape i 

 i..| at three thousand acre*. 



■ Slate,. 



o culture it is -' 

 .., Kelly's Island, i 



the product of m re of i "■•■ i 



rang 



$1,50 per -j .': 



. ■ 

 Of one hundred ami 11 m 



-?*9rr??*sT3 



