TWO DOLLARS A YEAH.) 



'PROGRESS AND IMPHOVEMI'JN'JV 



[SINGLF, NO. FOUR CENTS. 



YOL. X. NO. 10.1 



ROCHESTER N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MARCH 5, 1859. 



] WHOLE NO. 478. 



UOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



T.li;u., Mr ■ NBWSPAPER 



».Vumi:» !i i|i»kin-1 !t> he BnmrpuwJ 



era to say. Our circumstances are dt II ■ I CJ '. Here 



farms me small, and but lillle labor n ;ll> 



employed l>>> 1 Hi'- t'ui-i in t (i till lit.-, sons, with, in 



■ hired man. We have do doubt, how- 

 ever, that something might be done in this way, 

 [or we think we ban seen sad m gleet as wen" as 

 waste oflnbor Cur want nly'ini' s\ stem til the kind. 

 It issn old saying, and true, thai " what is every- 

 body 1 !"■ inesa is nobody's," and we hare all 

 observed with what plea- me unci pride even a little 

 boj v. ill. are fbr COlt or a calf, or do any other 

 n..i I- , *\ .'ili' understands that it is committed to 



l.it'i .i- In. -[ iid depuitinent of labor, lie feels a 



junk' in li.-ini: trusted, a pleasure in responsibility. 

 Kim,, il. i- principle iii our nature— so fraught with 

 good, if properly directed, and so early developed— 

 niiiv "e not kill n the great advantage of dividing 

 laboi , mill resnotis.il/dity, as* a means of educating 

 young farmers nnd securing thy diligent pcrform- 



■ i ];, and in the best possible maimer? 

 not only ili«- labor of the hands is 



il.hnt Hi 



. Hi.- 



.iTh,.' 





i1 v Lber unprofitable thoughts. 



been asked a score of times the past mo 

 hcihei the experience of the postseason 

 i to warrant fanners in planting t' 

 'ant the present spring. We have watched tins 

 latter pretty chi-ely. and what faffs we have leai n- 

 :1 we will freely stale, with such inferences as we 

 link fairly drown from the facts presented. The 

 hiuese Cane will ripen sudiciently for making 



fort of the people, which, without tins system, 

 would be elo ■ 9 to he enjoyed 



only by the opulent Sucli small and simple arti- 

 cle.* ns the pin and needle. puss through hull :i 

 do/.cn ditl'ci. in- being a trade 



1,1 1'. If 1, .1 I'! ,• . Mi ,.|,.-, ,1 ,',. ,[,■•, Hi..- ItlCII- l-lllll-.' 



time nnd skill. In the making 0) the steel pen there 

 arc about twenty operations, and most of these arc 

 distinct trade! By confining themselves to one 

 wbrk the operatives acquire a skill and expertness 

 trnl v surprisiug, and which eoold never he gained 

 was the whole wm I of mill lag a pen committed to 

 one icl .1 workers. In all our manufactures the 

 wine system is practiced, to the mutual advantage 

 of those who make and those who use. 



The farmer, in common with others, enjoys the 

 benefits of this system, hut WO have thought that 



from it he 1 1, 1 '/hi derive s c useful hints us to I lie 



best Way of conducting In- own !■■ 

 while we make this remark we freely admit that 

 ■• unfavorable to its general 

 adoption. He trades his com, and wheat, and but- 

 ter, nnd cheese, with the mechanic for plows nnd 

 wagons, boots nnd clothes; with the storekeeper 

 for teo. coffee and cotton cloth; or, what is the 

 lame thing, si 111 Ins produce in the market to pro- 

 '■'"■ mi icj to pay for Ibem Thn this kiud of di- 

 vision of labor it of mutual advantage no one will 

 doubt, for the farmer cau raise the wheat and butter 



. it maker and bhieksmrih much 

 Ibnn he could make his Louts ,, r si 

 while the shoemaker and blacksmith 

 wheat and com they need much easier and cheaper 

 by trade* at which they arc skillful, than in a 

 bungling attempt to grow it for themselves, for at 



tin- Uicj would work to, great disndi ■ 



01' the u.hi.Mi.ig. . ,..| it division of labor thus far, 

 or rather an exchange id labor, there can be nu 



a ol the 1d| iti 1 . ■ 1 - ■ ■ 



■ 



I , difficult from 



iS SO dm-rsifi 



in its character, differing at each season— ca 



'.., j its own peouli 



■: i0H ■■! I.!"" 



teema almost impossible Tben,al - 

 sons, suoh a* phmtmg. ha, lHgi harvesting, X- , .,11 

 Unavailable strength ol ,| u , irm m 

 ■ 

 1 on lug! 1 . 



dicloM system of 



■ in.- will produce bum t 



1 1 up, worth 

 It is uo mure trouble 



il these fact-, u hieli we . 





three hundred 

 t least fifty cents a 



raise a good crop 



msider established, 



1 raise. But, before 



r rcudeismay inter thai th 



ofitiihlecrop that a farmer' 

 admitting this conclusion, we "ill state some other 

 which have come under our observation. We 

 have known persons raise very good crops of cane, 

 good deal of lime and patience in a vain 

 attempt to extract the juice and make syrup, with 

 imperfect machinery, little knowledge and less 

 skill, and at last give up in despair, pronouncing 

 the whole thing a humbug. We have known oth- 

 ers to stack their eunes, waiting until other work 

 was out of the way lor a convenient time to com- 

 mence manufac tilling syrup, when the canes became 

 mouldy and the juiee soured and spoiled. 0th 

 have raised the cane in abundance, but the work 

 1 up seemed so formidable that it v 

 never attempted. Others we have known who . 

 termincd to engage in the manufacture of syrup 

 n pretty large scale, and eons true ted expensive n 

 ehinery, which proved faulty in some respects, 

 requiring repeated alteratious until the 

 about over — proving nn unprofitable 

 for the one. season, at last. One farmer, 

 vicinity, not laying claim lo much mechanical skill, 

 1 ml ■ ■ m am! an investigating mind, 

 hiul a mill and boiling pans made, which cost aboul 

 three hundred dollars, He made syrup from hie 

 own eunes, ami then manufactured for his neigh 

 bora on -hares. The expense was, of course, mori 

 the past year than it would he aft. in season's expe- 

 rience, but we believe he cleared enough lo pay all 

 expenses, with a first-rate mill for grinding the 

 canes and otheir apparatus on hand for 



gentleman raised about ft quurtcr of 



had 



made I 



ANOTHER PREMIUM FARM HOUSE, 

 Tut accompanying engraving is a very good 



it" the firm house to which the 



Committee awarded the Sbcoxd Phi ■■ 



. January 1st it was built, 



und is still occupied by II. H. IIakt, Esq., of this 

 Comity. Mr. II. furnishes a tine deset 

 house and its conveniences, and we c 

 interesting remarks to all our readers 



i'niiMi lb. ..I.' 1 n couipLiaiie.- w 



ptitm of hi 

 nd hi; 



itli ; 



. Ac., of 



my dwelling h 

 west of four corners, lion ting en si ;md son Ih, which 

 was designed for n farm house. Il was built of 

 wood, iu the years 1855 aud '5li,on walls two feet 



thick. 



The Cellau is eight feet in thecleai.i • .,.,■ 

 16x26, with outside stairs 8 feet high, 4 feet 

 in. hi.'- 11 ..!■', !.■ ...ili-r; mto the wood-house, and 



consequently aenc--iti!e at nil seasons of the year. 



Cement hot tout, iiu ee inches thick, composed of* one 



n. -I ffater-Iime to four of fine gravel There 

 B been no frost or water in Hie cellar since we 

 ve occupied it. Ten windows with frieze grates 

 tsidc Never have hanked the walls outside, the 

 depth of cellar ami thickness of walls (as I believe) 

 being a sufficient guard against frost. 



Tut UPMOST or Main* DuiLniNo 1- ._ 

 posts. Lower story 9Xeet high in Ihe clear; the 



upper, T feet 'lie*. Wise, -.i;\::j, 12 feet posts, 



Lower storj Bfeet in the clear. Woon Housb, 8(1 



feel square, with II nor* above and below. 



The outside is sheeted noun studs Jx.">. 1 : In •■ 



apart, with matched pine i ml-. tb< nolo led, 



Ido r 



t claim that the 



uppo. 



our house is superior, or even equal, to hundreds 

 of others, excepting, perhaps, that in (he limited 

 space occupied by the front stoop, (saving much 

 room inside,) yet still presenting a very neat and 

 imposing appearance. The interior arrongemeut, 

 after an occupancy of two years, meets our most 

 sanguine expectations, and I am of the opiuiou 



lhai t 



■pla, 



farms in and 



every man hod. a p ttrticu |a r 



» °°e claw did little but 



ditch end drain-to mo 



■''■■■■■: 

 blc for Iheir care— another hud the cattle to manage 

 ■ intelligent sod 

 D each of thwo classes was denominated 

 i.iir whose direction the others act 

 t higher salary tin 



inability and i 

 mtive to the faithful peribi 

 r this plan might be adop 

 iuoCtt, we leave to our r< 



share.-, und obtained over thirty gallons of gc 

 SytpptOpay him for the trouble of enltivarm 



quarter ol on acre, which he considered a flue 

 vestment. 



The great difficulty is in making the syrup. Any 



farmer can grow thecanea. It is n monafhcti 



operation in which fanners cannot, as a general 

 thing, profitably engage. Would the sugar 

 ol the S.mth succeed us well here as it does i 

 most favorable Soul hern clime, we do not Hi ml; ...h 

 hum. i- e.nld grow it in small quantities', as they 

 do the Chinese cane, and make sugar, at a profit. 

 ' !l 'l'". wemual I - ■■ a division ol labor. Could 

 seme enterprising man in each town be induced to 

 study the subject, and erect the proper works, then 

 ild grow the eaue with confidence, and 

 farmers and manufacturers might realize a large 

 profit; or the farmers iu each district might unite 

 in a Joint Stock Cutnpany, and by paying a few 

 dollars each, mills and apparatus of the best kind 

 could be procured and a competent person employ- 

 ed to superintend the operation. Uutil this, or 

 something like this is done, which no doubt will be 



II e cannot urge farmers to grow the 



CUneu cane, with the expectation of procuring 



1 """"'" sugar or syrup. Care, skill aud Cxperient 



ihe two former few po 



Ihe latter ell are alike destitute We 



ddnare all uu- 



| deretandthedlll.cultiestbey will have to encounter. 



bouses are ton hastily matured, 

 or in many instances left to architects or builders, 

 without consulting the I'ahmlh's Wipe, who, of all 



others, should know, and does know, i e about 



the real Comforts and conveniences of a good farm 

 house, than a score of those who make high pre- 

 tentious to these matters. It is a well settled fact, 

 that in the rural districts the ever faithful compan- 

 ion of the farmer, (of ordinary material means,} 

 does, in every well regulated latin house, perform 

 much, very much, rif the labor with her own hands. 

 Uow important nnd necessary then, that every 

 convenience and comfort that can possibly be at- 

 tuined, be secured in the construction of the farm 

 house. If only one step enn he saved in goi 

 and returning from the kitchen tu the cellar, the 

 pantry, the dining-room, the cistern, Ac., how 

 inauy will il save iti a day, a, month, a year " We 

 will appeal to that patient class, farmers' wives, 

 daughters, and servants, who ;\\ l: compelled Iti pass 

 through the whole length t.d' a dining i-mn lo Ihe 

 pautry, or through the pantry and a sleeping-room 

 to get to the cellar slairs; or, are compelled to run 

 through dining-room and parlor to got up stairs J 

 or, have the shins of half a dozen stalwart men 

 (especially in the morning) to step over, or puss 

 around to get to the cook-stove, nud ns many eyes 

 scanning the movements of the already half-faint 



' l., ivbih-shi is preparing thi meal, to answer! 



By referring u> the plan, '< will be seen that this 

 important and desirable end— convenience for per- 

 forming the work of the hou-e -has been, us far as 

 possible, secured. One desirable .. 

 have attained, is in the locutii HI of ihe 



: into the same sewer, into 

 Which all the waler from one entire side of the 



I -'..' is e lueted, demising and purifying the 



same at every shower. Another advantagi 

 claim over many good farm houses is. that the 

 kitchen ii in a pUatani, part of the house— unlike 

 too many cook-rooms, thai have more of the aspect 

 of a prison Hum a place for lovely woman to dwell 

 in The attention of the reader is also called to 

 the pantry, (usually another of ihosc little dark 

 i n lighted by two large windows, 

 (but which may be darkened if desired,) and con- 

 taining a large iftjt& cupboard and six tmalltr ohm, 

 , i,, „.,■-; alBO, iiiimeious drawer/, a 

 1 'pacious enough 

 to hold the Hour from twenty bushel- . ■ 



We also think it a great convenience to have one 

 bed-room conn >j, iu ease Of 



protracted sickness in the family. Jinny costly 

 farm houses have but one sleeping-room on the 

 firal floor, which we have known froi 



llngly inconvenient Auothcr conve- 

 nience wc find in having ward-robes, or clothes' 



I'KJ ;>IITTM FARal HOUSE-Xo. II. 



level. No Bteps to rise in the whole house save 



the main stuiis. 

 It may ben question with some farmers whether 

 bouse ii ithout .'etc. I "ill 



iswer by saying that, we have uhuihSm ■ ■ n 



like may be had by any farmer at a trilling 6X- 



peono) within sixty feet of the house, in which we 

 cauldron kettle, a good fire-plnee, Ac, in 



which wc can do all of what is usually called dirty 

 ■ aboul 



stautial manuer. It would undoubtedly have cost 

 less money hat! it been done by the job, but 1 think 

 would not be as cheap in the cud. The t Of tbifl 

 house might be an objection with some, but I pre- 

 ferred (on the score ol'eeon y even,} putting the 



whole under one roof, rather than he under the 

 necessity of adding a pari ol a bouse evt rj two br 

 three years, at the cost of half the price of a whole 

 one — aud, in addition to thotj the mortiflcat 



of Dot having » house that pleases at lust. The 



' "-i of my house, in round oumbers, was >''. 



exclusive of nay own learn work, and the board of 



I fear I have already embodied too much ii 

 description, but it seemed (to me, nt least,) n 

 snry to get a collect idea of the thing, thai I 

 DJUOh should be stuted. If B, ll.ur 



THE SOUTHERN TIEE-THE DAISY REGION. 



In the opinion of my friends, I owe nn apology 

 to "S(. uIji.-u ami Cattaraugus" l.u- making them 

 symbolize the icebergs and the barrens — not quite 

 so bad us that — I accused tbem, of " hard pan" 

 and "grass." Now, the Grsl is a questionable 

 compliment, but the last is no crime. A recent 

 visit in thai quarter brought to mind an able essay 

 in the New York TWfani on the "dairy region," 

 written by a regular contributor of the Kviial New- 

 Yorker, in which it was demonstrated that the 

 dairy region proper in the United States, wa- 



Bned to Northern Penn: j 1 1 

 em New fork, and tin' re-ion bordering on Lake 

 Erie. New England is included, and Eastern New- 

 York, but from proximity to great markets, the 

 soil must be devoted to the varied wants of a city 



population, 



Grass will grow, and cows wilt live iu mosl sec- 

 tions of the United Slates, but it is manifest that 



localities differ in their fitness for partieulsr pro- 

 ducts. In general, gross is not the 

 western prairies. The deep, rich, dry soil of our 



Southern and West, rn Suites is pee. . 



to corn— a crop of great excellence and Wurlh, 

 while wheat, oats, barley, Ac, swe extensively and 

 profitably raised Grass, fr&h and twt't, suitable 

 for the best quality of dairy products, with soft, 



. lauds, 



pure, enduring water, belongs to the hi] 

 and the showery region ol Southern Nt 

 and the contiguous country J ■■" 

 tht ,1am, reffion ' Dairying does not sun uie 

 . . ■,., n requires attention 

 to details, method »'"• ' '■"'" " , " p ''""'"" 1 ' 



and for a long time will not be tho dlstinguishiog 



■ 



Good firkin dairy butler readily commands twen- 

 ty cents a pound, and chee«e, though somewhat 

 ■ ion, brings remunerating 

 p r j cc9 , ff S.i.vr,irii Giuiiah was " Autocrat of 

 the breakfast table," butler might have 

 spread, and enter more sparingly into Ihe condi- 

 ments that grace or disgrace the board— ns it is, 

 our palates govern with very lillle deference to 

 consttiittumtft provisions, and irult-r, the great 

 antidote to leanness und insipidity. 



to pervade all the cracks and crevices ol < k- 



ery, ploying a wide, and still wider | 



The ■• dairy region" 

 will never become obsolete, ita "shadoi 

 be less." As the world progresses we ha' 



discriminations— a, slight degree 

 lignifiea nothing 



■ 



r the 



■ 



_l"A^r^- 



tg^-a fli te^ 



