HA&CH it. 



MOORE'S &TO&L HSW-YOKKER. 



THEjfHHveLES. 



LETTERS FROM A miNGARIAN. 



PeMh- NaUenot tt*mm—0uH<»U4' 



pun Fni«xo Moobk :— In my last I gave you a 

 . lonu of 'in- things I saw in the 

 capital of Hungary— I'esth. As regards "curiosi- 

 ties," there are not, indeed, many of tticm in this 

 cJlT—dlill, what few there nro, 1 determined to 

 visit I he second dm of my sojourn. Firs! I bent 

 my way to the . Ihe giBOlest in 



Hungary. This il a magi Bt«dlflOCi 



ing nine large halls of kntiqnttiw, fourteen halls of 

 zoological, botanical, and minerelogici I 



re gallery consisting of iboul two hun- 

 dred I !i" ■ ■ ■ i ontribntcd by 



I . ., |. iHu btIIi '- Po bUn who 



Hi,. pjeinn- L'.'iHmi-i i.l Paris, Merlin, Ac , the 



tun will present imthing new or par 



ticularly excellent, eiWpl H h Ibi iplmoW poi 



Hungarian kings nnd patriots, wliosi 



peculiar features, and strong, muscular frames In- 



On the other 



. Hoction of antiquilii - must bespeci 



|j ini< -i. --.ling to the antiquary aa well as lo I 



(■tudt-nt of history. Here we have a vast number 



of r„ ms , (I'j.iiFiij hilvcrj domestic utensi 



mcnla of pence and war, statuettes of marble and 



bron /.i', most of "Inch belong Id the period when 



i: e'i li orjotu overran Pal oio (the inoieni 



name ol Hungary,) and to the Lima whoa theM 

 again were expelled by the fierce Huns under the 

 warlike Amu. Among the many curiosities hero 

 i ll-iiiil there- was one around which monj visit' 

 Ota crowded— Til., the cane of the celebrated Nbl- 

 ■,.-., n I, hum.; beOQ bui feoeotlj (Aug,, 1868) pre- 

 sented to the museum. The way in which this cane 

 got hither, n as described to me by my cicerone. — 

 lu the year 1798, after the naval fight off J!>»ilr, 

 Nii.M.s with his own hand cut off a stick from a 

 wild li-; Ii-.t, und ii'.i'd the saint- un Ins sub.sci|uent- 

 ly staying at Vienna. There the naval hero met 

 frith the Hungarian OOunt, I'hi;i: Smi'iim, who 

 carried u Tlellgal cuuc with a big golden head,— 

 ■■ i ■ mi well pleased Willi the latter. Hint 



he thought II Bl to transgress the command " Thou 

 (.liull in. I 1'nvH," mid desired the same as a present. 

 In return tho Hungarian Count received the above- 

 menl iontd cane from Abukir. After passing thro' 

 several hands, the cane was lini.lly presented to Hie 

 i iv.i,1 l!i iv svmiu •.-,!. The head of 

 this interesting iiicmenlo is covered with silver 

 plate I'liriliiiriing Hie inscription :— " (V baton a rte 



Kmpi par Pjtdmfrai ITiUon a lot 



>;?!*," Thus the national museum of 



Hungary 

 admiral of Bogti 



Like 



viisl public promenade, willed Hie Sin, /timlJ. h. u 

 leitj forest i which, mi Sunday*, in all alive with 

 vehicles and pedestrians. A large pond with two 

 islands adds to the enjoyment of the people. Hands 

 of music resound in nil Iho public squares and 

 gnrdens, inviting the public lo the various beer 

 mill iiini' saloons. Wine, heme »n article with 

 which Nature amply supplies the Hungarians, al- 

 most supplutits bvie the use of water. And no 



w lei. f.>r you can obtain a quart of good, pure 



wine for si \ kreu/crs, (about half a dime, ) which in 



Auiiinn would bring lust too times that price.— 



Still, thi'ii/b wine i- daily used in 



lamiiv og the lowoi classes it often takes, the 



place of coffee at breakfast — little or no drunken- 

 ness is seen. For, in the first place, it is used in 

 n ■ :. i .1. quantities at u time, and is not adultera- 

 t«d « 'Hi nlaoholia drinks, and then the people are 

 ''-■■■ i .■■". however, be 



tin 



!■■ ..■ ..- they r 



Hi rlgidlj refrain from the use Of this 



is beverta and oven after entering into 



tbc matrimonial state they take it but moderately. 



v: d< • i.dly mentioning wine, has led me lo 



.!.■_■,. ... •,:-;,. 1 1,, .object proper the observance of 



Sunday. Not only arc the public walks thrown 



...... .. i during the day, but in the 



en- g, a* mi nil other days, concerts are given. 



operas are performed, plaj * are acted on tbc stage, 

 and in the wino shops, whither tbu lowci classed 

 resort, the cymbal and the fiddle strike up the 



Imli inilionul nils of Ihe Magyars, c-.m-n,^ 11,.- 



i, ul old, male und female, involunta- 

 rily to keep time in u regular dance, llul even 

 bnaineaa is, to ■ great extent, allowed on Sunday. 

 Hoi muel] ipotheoariaB, but nil grocers may keep 



open all day except from to 12 o'clock, during 



wiiieii in. ii' iniiH, i> performed at church. The 



Wbiob in Hungary (ns in all Qer- 



ii-:; e npe ii square -is Idled Willi Onllli- 



"'■ " " exhibiting for sale fruits, vegetables, 



f'»i- Bah, Ae .-tdl I V M. Above all, those who 

 sell tobacco and cigars have the greatest privilege 

 '" ''" ■'''■ ma Sabbath— nay more, the tail iUelf 

 compels H,e m to ,l 90 . For llo on( . is , llowed to 

 tni.l.- ml!, u :\, : „.,.,,_ „,,,,._. ,,.. , ! „ ,, u pjnnSBiioii 

 '""" "I" P"hUo authorities, bnt this privilege can 



'"' u '"' 0D**ined on ,■ u« Dn n ,,, t!ll . tobuoo 



shop shall be open at M honrafrom morning till 

 i,.„-M, Mvcept.ng, of coorae, the abOT. named 



■■'iSunda, i >,„!, „, hl . obsomulce 

 of the Sabbath in this country. One might have 

 Supposed that the Ausin.,. ( mcordat with the 

 Pope would have a different effect on the religious 

 obeerrani o| of the country,— but tt,ui eompaet had 



bjact io»iew . it was to unite Church 



ii uducing the nation to a morethor- 



- objection. 



Ifanngli lb e people are thus at liberty to enjoy 



Dfl Sunday in whatever way they please. 



they dare not, nevertheless, taik as they pleaae.— 



| tilth man you meet is a member of 



f the Imperial army. These oflicers 

 watch your every movement, aud listen to your 

 very word*-, and woe is him, from whose lips»ome 



1 '-'ught falls on the ear of a policeman. 



Without a moment's warning be will lead tbi 

 pected man to the head of the police, to be then 

 summarily sentenced to several years' close 

 fincment. Such a case actually occurred a 

 days before my arrival, where a man, having 

 political discussion, uttered an epithet calculated 

 the existing order of things, was sud- 

 denly snatched from his wife nnd children in Pcstb, 

 and transported to Transylvania, where he must 

 now gpend three year* in prison. Such plenary 

 authority is vested in the Austrian police, l'eople 

 of common sense, therefore, like the public press, 

 generally refrain altogether from talking about poli- 

 tics—particularly home-politics. Nevertheless my 

 friend with whom I was walking kept asking me all 

 the time about our American Institution*;, and com- 

 paring them with those of Austria, liut every 

 now and then he looked about to see if no spy was 

 at our heels. How muzzled are tbc months of the 

 people here ' Hungary, compared with itsprcient 

 political state, was formerly a free land ; the Em- 

 peror of Austria being only their protector, for 

 which the Hungarians annually contributed a cer- 

 tain amount to the general expenses of Govern- 

 ment. They bud tin n own parliament, their own 

 national militia, their own peculiar laws and insti- 

 tutions. Now they are deprived of all these, and 

 are obliged to pay just five times us much ns be- 

 fore, for the support of armies and the enrichment 

 of the royal house of Hapsburg. Every young 

 man, unless be has suceessfully passed the several 

 examinations within the course of eight years in 

 ,'. (collegiate school, preparatory 

 to the University, I ifl obliged to perform military 

 Berries i ighl years, so that when he arrives a! the 

 age when every good Jew or Gentile should be in 

 the bonds of hymen, he is almost penny less. As 

 a general thing, the soldiers of one province are 

 sent to those of another. Thus, for example, the 

 "white-coats" of A nsl i ia pi ope., and lii.lieiniu, Imv- 

 cr over Hungary, while the brave hussars and other 

 Magyars are distributed over ltohcmia and Mora 



. Thus ure the different national elements mad. 



vatch one another, nnd subdue every posslbli 



lore about the political state of Hungary, it: 



educational institutions, Ac, in my next, when I 

 will lake the kind reader along to Bmltt, the w 

 fortified city opposite Peslli.and to Fared, them 

 liequenled water-cure of Hungary. Two lett 



i more be troubled about Austrian affairs, by 

 your present correspondent. Siuon Tus 



<ted wiih the Begnl Succession 

 ;. A. ->• PTT.tcKL4XD, sulhor 

 was of England. 11 Vol vii. n 

 Bros. 13 mo. pp.aTO. For sale 



r. Hawkts*. Compiled by l,i 8 g 



accompany ll.,ll.r.u.fc\i Scuool Apparatus, By F. O. 



Bkownei.!.. New York and V\w *■•..; l|.,lhr,.,.k 



Bo i apparatus Co. is mo. pp. iflL Fwm lbs 



up r'li'Tcit IliJ-iHii:;; bviiiR n Tlisturv of il.e S>-liool 

 i, n. i Ooltagc Ufa ol two Toung Man, New Yorfc: D, 

 Applclon A <_'u. pj mil. pp. 4ll.'i, f.'oriale t.y Uno.v, 

 assaors feom Mv AnoBfOnBApn v. By Sidvkt, 

 I,«nv M..i;...vs New Y.t~ : l> Appietou .t Co. IS 



.-. ltrportoflli.?upcru.Uui. 

 II- I--' From fla.tnr C. I 



She Ucuicauv. 



\>y explurnig in..tiui.ieiiLi liilherto luipc 

 1 known. He lias given detailed ( 

 eUmate ami physical geography c 

 lifuliy mojlratad hj drawing*. 11 



"•■■■!'■• "1 1 language 



Geology of the country 

 AitricaUurBl produola. 



elements of ogriculturn 



opcana shall be able t. 



pass rapidly through Ihe 



unhealthy region of the 



coast, and the suppression 



i« slave trade shall giv 



opportunity for legitimate 



rorrce, the agricultural 









a new day will dawn 





value of a really go 





vii s, io bringing about 





msi.-d. w e arc gl a d , 







ie land of their origin as 



' ' ' '"'"'"I'-n"-:'"- 



rhe establishment of cotton 



its relation to the other particles of the wheel leave 

 il no rest, but on. on it must go.) until it raachas 

 Its. when it will be impelled by the two forces, 

 the *ira* direetietn, and if independent of tho other 

 ,. ii in ]■■-. Would go 82 1-6 feet in one second of time. 

 En the .1 



THE BOTASCOPR-No. IL 



Is our previous article ive showed Hint when tho 

 wheel A, (fig. 1,) is put in Ycry rapid motion, by 

 force applied through a cmd wound round the axle, 

 X, as in spinning a top, aud the axis is placed in a 

 horizontal position, all the particles moving in a 

 vertical plniie, n, /., some vt her force m\ist be applied 

 to bring the axis out of that position, mid put it 

 into another position ; and that other force must be 

 adequate to the force given in the rotary direction, 

 before it cau effect that object. But some of the 

 particles, as ./. are much nearer the axis than a and 

 I, and consequently hnve not the same centrifugal 

 force, while gravitation acts upon all the particles 

 with equal force at all times, und a kind of com- 

 pensating effect is thus produced, which 



bring a number of 



before the eye at a glance. Fig, 3 represents eight 



particles, all moving at the rate or 16 1-12 feet per 



second by the force applied, Gravitation acts upon 



each, as before shown ; and the resultants of all 



are shown, and their direction indicated so plainly 



i can fail of compre- 



rkthe particle C! Il 



shown at Bl, ftg. 2; 



i see the tendency of 



urse to make C, (or 



iew center. That is 



having got things all in motion, a " motion is made" 



novethecentrenf gravitation from I somewhere 



i the vicinity of C. Observe that the resultant of 



s nearly at a right angle with that of F, which 



<rs tho object thus to be obtained. Honcc, 



•n we place the Uyroscopo upon the stand be- 



■ us, (see fig. 1.) having given the wheel motion 



hat the upper side at b (fig. 1,) move3 toward 



nnd the under side at a moves from us, if the 



I iy Il.e diagonals, 



bending the principle. But h 



and I think no one can fail 

 h particle shaping its i 



the stand, the 

 shown bv the 

 versa. And if 



eslio.i, Why dues 

 e wheel, with its frame, or ring, B. rotate around 

 the stand, the pointy, describing the dotted line, 

 figure 1 ? 



Suppose ivr give the wheel A, (fig. 2,) a motion 

 iu the direction indicated by the arrows, will, a 

 velocity that will move the particle B, at the rate 

 of 1C>^ feet per second. The force given it would 

 tend to carry it to C in one second of time, while 

 gravitation would tend to bring it to D, in the 

 same tune. But the particle acted upon by these 

 two forces would take the direction B E, as a re- 

 snltunl, aud would arrive at E in one second of 

 time. But cohesion, (that power which binds 



er together in a n 



ass,) prevents it from taking 



■h.it immediate dii 



ection, and the force is inevit- 



ably applied to mo 



e the centre, x, iu a direction 



lurallel to B, E, 





I 



To demonstrate this more clearly, let us follow the 

 particle B around until it has arrived ot 11 1 The 

 force applied will act exactly equal to, and in a 

 direction exactly opposite to the line of gravitation, 

 resultant is produced ; but the particle, con- 

 sidered independent of cohesion, will remain at 

 t; because two equal forces, acting in opposite 

 ections on a body, leave that body at rest, 

 i'ow let us follow the particle on in its course, (for 



left hand "ear," D, be placed 



rotation of y will be from us, 



arrows on the dotted line ; and 1 



each end of the axis were to rest upon a raovoble 



car, {fig. 4.) the whole would be propelled forward 



in the line A, B. 



The same idea may be conveyed by imagining a 

 weight to be suspended from each of the particles 

 a aud b, while the wheel was revolving as before ; 

 a horizontal movement in the line A. B, would be 

 the result. The same idea may be conveyed by 

 imagining a weight to be suspended from each of 

 the points a and b, the whole still revolving as be- 

 fore, that is, equal to 10 1-12 feet per second, and 

 the weight W also equal to that force: these two 

 forces acting in opposite direclions, would keep n 

 at rest; while Ihe weigh! I', acting in the direction 

 with the force, would tend to throw l> around a ns 

 a centre. Hcnc a revolving body, as A, fig. 2, 

 having its axis in a horizontal position, will have 

 its axis propelled forward in a line oblique to the 

 line of gravitation, and hence the rotary motion of 

 the Botascope around the stand, fig. 1. In our 

 next we will endeavor to account fur the accelera- 

 tion of that rotary motion around the stand. 



Corrections. — By some inadvertence several 

 errors crept into the previous article of Mr. \Yn- 

 HUE on this subject, and he places himself properly 

 before Uuit.u. readers thus: — " By some careless- 

 ness of your engraver, a great blunder is made to 

 appear in my article, No. l,on the Rot ascope, which, 

 if any one takes pains to read, will give a very un- 

 fair impression. I took care to give the figure, oi 

 diagram, plain, lettcriug it correctly, showing a. 

 at tbc bottom, and b at the top of tbc wheel, to in. 

 dicate the vertical plane in which the wheel re- 

 volves around its orw, and not around Mr stand, ai 

 your printer would have me say. These letter- 

 were to have been given in lower case Italic, so a~: 

 not to confound them with the Roman capitals, 

 which indicate parts of the machine.— t. w. 



Pacer - Makinc— In the United States there are 

 700 paper mills in active operutiou. They product 

 270,000,000 pounds of paper, which, at an average 

 of ten cents per pound, would be worth $27,000, 

 As it requires about a pound and one-half of rags 

 to make one pound of paper, there arc consumed 

 by these mills 400,000,0® lbs. of rags in a t 

 year. If we estimate the rags to cost four 

 per pound, there would be a profit of 111,000; 

 tli is branch of manufacturing. 



*■*■ En ".s— 1 have no objections to matho- 



I or any other science being made as simple 

 . practical as powible, but, in our search 

 city, let us b* careful that we do not 

 throw aside tho fundamental truths upon which 

 -clem e depends. 



It is BowMfreral r< il lm ,.., lLiil 



there was no royal road to knowlad i 

 simplifiers of science furnish an evorj i 

 stratum of the proposition. We have had d nr „ 

 sorry to say.) several examples of this style „f 



demonstr n in the " \ own Ri hai isi " column 



and having never uppeard on thai - 

 > quarrel a little with some .it "Oltriui '" etftte 

 lenti in ihe Itni.Ai. of February 19, 

 "Obi i. im -'" ml,- fur Hading the nrw ol a i Ma 

 good; but bis statement, that the eircnnifcrcuco 



; - I Hi - the diameter, la a il ■ ■■■■ ■> true, 



and lience bis rale, will not gel tho ■ on i 61 

 If "OKi'tiKirs" wants any rewoningon 



this, Bubjeot,he will Hndil tn the 5th] \. ol 



■'■>■• Othea G natiy, Bis •■ pxaolii ol 



ifluatration" proves nothing; for tho circumfer 

 circle consists of an infinite number of 

 points, and the pat ull..|,.^i n.n In ,!,.,,.., j|„. s could 

 ;bt line- lm it. upper und lower 



bases, unli is the "pasteboard circle " oould be 

 divided into on infinite Djornboi ol sectors— a feat 

 which not even "Oftpmof" Dan accomplish jLt 

 present, lo tho Qgun! which he boa druwn to 

 illustrate his nriiel,-, ,-,,,, jj the rides be called 

 straight lines, its altitude is not equal to half the 

 diameter of tho circle, for the altitude ol a paral- 

 lelogram is the }>trpri,<licultr di.slLit.ee Lel.wen 

 bases, which is not the muni -diameter in tho 

 figure, although it would be if we could Imagine 

 the circle inhuitcly divided. Since "O&PaitB 1 

 practical illustration" depends for its value on 

 nr power to conceive of the infinite, we are not so 

 ell ofl in his "royal road" as in the usual path 

 -another reason why "you ihonld novor take a 

 bywaj instead of a highway." I leave the rest of 

 letter for those whom ho calls on to 



HOW TO BECOME A GOOD FABMER. 



Ens. Rtni.u, - Being a readei . it your valuable 

 paper, and one that considers it indispensable to 

 the prosperity of a young farmer, I wish to make. 

 inquiry through its pages, of some of your ex- 

 perienced contributors, Sow to becotnea good and 

 prfifitMi Fartiur / In looking nnumd among my 

 brother farmers, I ace a vast difference in their 

 pni. rue ..I running. .Some have their stock all 

 Boused, ono looking as if they had eaten all the 

 grain that the farmer could produce, with tbc best 

 the fences all up; buildings all in order; 

 a place for everything, and everything 

 ace. Others, have their slock all out of 

 d00I8,.(the sheep in particular,! wallowing iu the 

 mud und water for their food, or tied up by the 

 horns in some filthy stable, with half enough to 

 fences dilapidated, with plenty of burdocks 

 and buar.-,, building* out of older; wagons, sleighs, 

 plows, drags, drills, horse- rakes, wintered out in tho 



the 1 



through the Rt.\ 

 profitable coursi 

 him of ray succe 

 y, N.Y., 181 



up by t 



i both or 



noticed farmer will inform me, 

 , which is the best and most 



pursue, 1 will hereafter tell 



jit s century ago, 

 i Ilanway, on his reti 



East, appeared in the stree 



shape of an umbrella. 

 England, and probably ii 



ucb indignation that be " 

 furious mob, who pelted I; 

 o screen his head an!) pcrs 



Bb not affronted ut a jest 



Knglisbn 





|. ■ i 

 im with mud for daring 

 m from the rain. 



"THERE IS NO SUCH W0ED AS FAIL." 



This sentence should be deeply Impressed upon 



the hearts of the young, lie win. will not strike 

 botdly in the battle of life, and conquer the oppos- 

 ing foe, must sink sooner or later into the slough 

 of despond, and be forgotten by tho on-marching 

 army, whose lips me .singing the p.eau <>! vn.-ii.iy 

 It were better for that one that he had never been 

 born. Life is not a rose-laden path for carpet- 

 knights to tread, No; its ways arc rugged, and it 

 is the brave in heart only, that, Ieiu)e.--,h accepting 

 its challenges, doing battle 03 they move along, 

 wins tho goal. He who sets out with fear and 

 trembling, dreading to meet lues .seen und unseen, 

 succumbs ere he has commenced the journey; but 

 he win, bnldly adventures the path.whethei il leads 

 lo gloomy ubv--i's or up giddy ascents, over mo- 

 _l. night like forests, or into regions 

 of perpetual snow, holding ulofi bis banner in- 

 cribed with the daring motto "Tin!' 

 word as Fail!" is victor in every fight, ffia heart 

 beats quick, his eye brightens and his strong arm 

 IS UCrved for battle when danger approaches. No 

 thought has he of retreat-onward, onward he 

 marches, driving his enemies before him | What 

 csres he for these— wss be not made to do or die? 

 He will be victorious. Nothing shall deter him.— 

 He knows no such word as fail. Whatever he 

 resolves on must be accomplished ' He cannot 



S1J ,.-,- ].. Il l--!i II"- »'■> Id ..1 Id pn..- - upon Inlo 



Death, rather, and he conquers ! The hero of the 

 Geld, be wears the laurel crown ! It is only when 



Ac erlakes him, palsying his arm, and stealing 



his strength of purpose, that he "wraps the dra- 

 pery of his couch about him, and lies down to 

 pleasant dreams." Even then he is but subdued, 

 not conquered. His tusk has been faithfully ac- 

 complished. Hisend isblesscd! Young mao and 

 young womuii, if you would succeed in life, strike 

 from your vocabulary the stumbling-block to suc- 

 cess— the word ftil.— Th- /■ 



'kopek sccresy i 

 mystery is the 

 cunniog oues. 



r of n 



~T-?^-T^- 



:__2-^ 



