TWO DOLLARS 



YOL X. NO. 15.1 



'PHOGRESS AJ<TD IMPROVEMENT." 



[SINGLE NO. KOTXR CENTS. 



ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR TOE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, APRIL 9, 1859. 



1 WHOLE NO. 483. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



SURAL, LITEIlARr AND FAULT NEWSPAPER. 





SEASONABLE HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS. 



Now thai the Hi mi. Campaign bu fairly opened 

 — Ihc Reason having arrived for active operations 



in Field, Orchard and Garden— perm 

 render, to take vm. by tho sleevo, and bnvc ncccajl 

 to your ear, a few moments, while we talk plainly 

 ami an guest ively, if not wisely, about jirrptiriug 

 /or, as well us perform,',;/, the various important 

 Inborn of Spring and Summer. 



First, let every fanner decide, in view of all 



the circumstances, what hi had better do and what 



■ . uridonr. It ol't.n happens at the 



odot the yoar thatwo onoovej programme 



covered too much ground Wfl attempt ulni 

 with imr mMos, can be imaerfectly nccemplished, 

 Bin) what, consequently, " costs more than it 



Uftviug decided u>Jio< to do,Qi open the most 

 appropriate time for doing [t-for every thing baa 

 ' ' The tune for 



planting, booing and harvesting ia fived— each 

 n ill accept of no other. 

 There an manj othei thiogutiiat cuu ho doDc 

 mam il a moal convenient fa attend to thcro^ 

 theso, as a gen 01*1 rule, nbonld be assigned to the 

 winter and early spring, when vi 



1 ■ : b out an inventory of work 



to be accomplished, during the year, alloting each 



" '" "a appropriate season. Having done this, 



am! ' 



Don 



allow one branch of business to intrude on the do- 

 main of another, on any consideration whatevei 



If the requisite help or facilities are wonting t„ 



BiCttOtnpli l- 11 i -! n i opei ition, procure nddi- 



urcoathatbyaom, 



* I'" "In,,,, I, I.ellh.- thmgWdouwinthelime 



: ' 11 " 1 " 11 "". nopwci ■ ildbenllewcd 



— no delay tolcraied— no respite granted. In mul- 

 ■ 



ionetoadisad- 



vantngc had generally better be left undone. If u 



■ little behind in the outset, one thing 



thoroul of place from the beginning 



to the vod of tin- year, and there will be continued 



ll ""'' l,, > diaapj kti I an i lo 



had got a good 

 ■ 

 PJlAtoa every item ol lab... mid , 



L^f^^r^^P^^^picking 



' U1M U P ""■ period aasigsed to getting 



DlMiM U « 1 Bet,,, ' E ° Ul "* miaUN " 



,' '!" ","' *" "" l ' "■'"" l "i the chapter — one 

 and finally ereiwdioc ^uXb., .:'.,.. 



mitd, 



»t ought uot and should 



That ■• F 

 trite adage, but i 



, 'ii the mind. Every ._,, 

 fully "op to tirue" in all his lahoi 



is cannot be cultivated 

 American system,) until tbey ore fenced, dot im- 

 plements naed to advantage union 

 Pjopfr order. Indeed, there are many matte™ 

 " "* B *g'««*ed by farmers ruiin K . 

 '"".tWhnre almost a 

 arcip,,. , 



• theTl.i»fofTm.e-is 

 cannot too oft™ bc ( m . 



r slmidj be 



ofabi 



■ requisite fa 

 us in printing the Ri i 

 " v ' v c "J"in all to " make ready " in seas 

 ** . WM1 " of ammunition, or a -'flash in I 

 wll ™>be word •■flrc'is pronounced. 



for the practical campaign of Spring nod Sol 

 The plows, harrows, cultivators, and also tbe heavy 

 machinery— such as drills, mowers, reapers, 

 —ought each and all to be seen to, and repaired if 

 necessary, before the day or week arrives when 

 they are to bc used. " Time is money," ond those 

 who take it by the forelock in these matters, make 

 wise investments — such as will yield large divi- 

 dends at the proper time. No cultivator can afford 

 to be slack, and behind his work, when all Nature 

 is laboring so vigorously, and generally in his be- 

 holf— except what she does in growing weeds, 

 thistles, Ac. Get all the implement! ready— have 

 your learns in good beort — let every fence be 

 " righted," and don't neglect to substitute as many 

 good tjatea as possible in place of those warping 

 bars to progress. 



Procure the bat Seeds, and plant thctn well, in 

 |'i"l" rly prepared soil. Always " propagate from 

 the best," whether grains, rools, plants, trees or 

 domestic animals. The best specimens of the best 

 varieties and breeds should be the object— but 

 don't deplete your purses in obtaining new things 

 (or old things with new names) unless you are 

 satisfied tho investment will pay. It won't do, 

 for instance, lo pay (9 a bushel for what is fanci- 

 fully labeled "lloney Blade Hungarian Grass," 

 when you can get the same or as good an article 

 (under the old name of Hungarian Grass) for *3. 

 Remember the days of Rohan potatoes, Morus 

 Mullicalia, China Tree Corn, Ac., and " look before 

 you leap/' lest you '• pay too dear for the whistle." 

 Thehcslcourso is to try new things on a small scale, 

 aud for main crops obtain good teed of tho best 

 ^roK»/andapprovcd varieties of vegetables, grains, 

 and don't forget to introduce your cow to 



■d Aafterw and Meddoin are important cs3en- 

 tiuls to success in farming throughout a great por- 

 tion of the country. The people of Western New 

 York, especially, ought to give this branch of hus- 

 bandry increased attention ; indeed, they ought, in 

 vulgar parlance, to have "{/ant to grata" years 

 ago — for Grass is one of the main institution 

 which must prove their salvation. Yet how fc 

 pastures and meadows receive any atlculion after 

 seeding, even in the best cultivated sectio 

 many farmers use the barrow, and apply plaster, 

 or any other fertilizer, to their sod-bound postures 

 nud meadows? — though the necessity is appa- 

 rent, and the benefit great. Few farmers, we 

 Opine, are aware of the great difference in the 

 quality of grass— though iheir stock, and the quali- 

 ty of much of the butter produced, is a good indi- 

 cator, or grass-omcler. But we can only give 

 a hint on the subject, having no space to amplify. 

 Head the sensible and suggestive article of 11 T 

 B. about Crass. 



Tho Orchard and Garden arc seasonable topics 

 not only, but require early attention. No farm, or 

 homestead, is complete without these valuable ad- 

 junetft, and tho mow; attention tbey receive at this 

 season of the year, the more proClable and orna- 

 mental will they become. As to bow they should be 

 roaoaged, doth not our Horticultural Department 

 tell l.oni week to week? — posting both amateur 

 and professional cultivators of Fruits, Vegetables, 

 Flowers, Ac, as to modes of culture, varieties, etc t 



ABOUT GRASS. 



Culi 



; OQAAS, By all means cultivate grass, 

 —plow less, und " seed down more." 



It would seem as though the most indispensable 



and beneficent agents were least thought of— how 



much attention do we give to light, air, water, and 



10 come as a matter of 



ippUj,fl*aai Ea beginning to be consid- 

 ered, Its universality, its indigenous character, 



: ' 'Hon, its hardiness, the economy of 

 us production, all point to it as a / 

 culture. Its capacities have not been fully tested, 

 and oW not fully known. 

 The quality of grass depends essentially on the 



d quality of the soil upon which it is 

 grown, and in general is susceptible of great im- 

 provement. Crass upon mere vegetable mold, 

 lacks "heart," as it is popularly expressed. It has 

 not those mineral and other ingredients that give 

 it substance and healthy vitality. Land of a light 

 "mmky'' character may be wry profitably manured 

 with gravel and loamy soil— Christian charily, not 

 less than "progress and improvement," would 

 dictate that needy laborers, with no winter busi- 

 neaa, should to some extent find employment in 

 regulating Iho soils. Strong clays do not produce 

 tin' best grass, either in quality or amount, and 

 could be improved in the same way. 



The popular verdiet-and there is never an appeal 



from that, when deliberately rendered, for it is the 



ST 10 ° f h . Uman "I'crience-is in favor of up- 



the * J ' hvt lt " wotlu y°f consideration whether 



e conditions cannot be essentially rcaliied, 



and similar results obtained on lower land. There 

 is, fortunately, a large variety of grasses, su 

 diflerent conditions aud qualities of soil. Valuable 

 things have been found out since the deluge, and 

 it may be that we, here in America, may find 

 grasses better adapted to our necessities than those 

 generally cultivated. 



Of the prevailing varieties", T<tm,thy stands first. 

 Clover, cut early, makes excellent hay, but is in- 

 ferior for pasture, aud does not last long, though 

 it is well adapted to light, dry soils, and is Suva 

 able as a fertilizer. Red Top is well adapted 

 wet land, and as there is a good deal of inch that 

 will not get drained right away, though it n 

 ever so much, this variety of grass should I 

 pagated with more care;— its seed is seldom offered 



June Grass is not considered reepedahh , but 



comes in itself," and covers many an acre in 

 skirts of the woodland, by tliy road-side, ami in 

 open field that would never be seeded except on 

 y principle." Under favorable eircu 

 makes a very good growth, and is vn 

 arly feed. Where it predominates 

 meadows, it should be cut by about the middle of 

 s soon as the seed is formed, aud it makes 

 exceedingly Duliitious hay. 



get "a good catch," and a good and 

 permanent growth aliciiviuils, is second in impor- 

 J Other agricultural interest. Agitation 

 should follow agitation on liiis subject in ceaseless 

 . One-half of the meadows aud pastures 

 of America produce less than half the grass which 

 arc capable of producing. Tbey either never 

 properly seeded, or tbey are "bound down" 

 and "run out"— they need renewing. An Eng- 

 lishman said to the British Parliament, " the Ameri- 

 can Colonies grow by your neglect;" if so, tbey 

 took pattern from grot , whioh seldom grows any 

 other way. Neglect is what it feeds on. A dress- 

 ing of plaster, ashes, manure or earth, once in a 

 year or two, with an occasional harrowing, would 

 be of essential service — but ne/jhet is the motto. — 

 That stream which flows by freighted with fertil 

 ingageuts, might be spread over the grass field, 

 sonic eases, with little expense, and generally wi 

 incalculable benefit— neglect isthe policy. Guaw 

 bare in the fall and winter, and trampled to death 

 in the soil season of spring, it yields to inevitable 

 fate. 



But the difficulty generally begins sooner. It 

 strangled to death in its birth. As if it were 

 mere adjunct of something else, and worthy of i 

 distinct or decent consideration, the seed which 

 expected to produce it, is buried deep or left u 

 covered, to grow feebly with some overshadowing 

 crop. Gross seed should bc sown tarty in gprinff, 

 or early in Avtumn, on well pulverized und pre- 

 pared land in good heart, covered lightly, aud 

 either sown alone or sown with wheat, rye, or 

 barley— tin wheat, Ac, beiny eou-n ■ 

 the grau quilt thi,':, np tiffM or 'c?i auartt to the 



We can never do well in farming, till we learn 

 to seed lard down with the first or second crop, 

 aud when the stumps aod roots are out of the way 

 plOU und, r ,i good turf. The cheapest way to en- 

 rich laud, raise a root or grain crop or two, and 

 tben seed down for two or three years, taking 



PASTURING IN THE HIGHWAY. 



Hi 



. Et..s. - 



rial) 



bscribe to the doc- 

 trine advanced by S. E. T.. of Lake Ridge, in the 

 Buiial of the 12th ult., in regard to obstructions 

 in tbe highway, although in certain instances I 

 shall have to plead guilty of the violation of them 

 to some extent May I not, however, be allowed 

 to approve of a doctrine or principle, winch I do 

 not practice in full, and thm be found in tolerable 

 good company* His article is very good as far ns 

 it goes. I agree with him that the " highway be- 

 longs to the traveling public,' 7 but can see no great- 

 er impropriety in piling Up old sleds, wagons and 

 other implements, by ihcroad-iide, than in turning 

 loose a whole stock of cattle, sheep, horses and 

 hogs upon it, to eke out a slender subsistence, and 

 be a source of continual annoyance to the com- 

 munity in which auch pernji 



Domestic animals turned loose in the road for 

 pasture, are as mveh, if not even more, of a nui- 

 sance, as any obstruction of an inai. n. 

 tor upon the way-side, which you may choose to 

 mention. " Pasturing in the road," us it is called, 

 probably onginuted in the necessity which some 

 poor people have felt for turning a - 

 road to feed, not being able to pay for pasturing, 

 uud feeling also unable to dispense with the use of 

 ; or, perhaps, when the country was new, and 

 'ceanyiiiolosurei were made. But, be iu origin 

 it it may. it is enough that m this section of 

 "Empire State" the custom isqnite prevalent, 

 only with those who own no land, and are poor, 



Anovi we give a portrait of the Celebrated Black 

 Hawk Stallion "Philip Allen." The porn alt iaaald 

 to be a very accurate and life-like 00.0, B/ilh tbfi 

 exception of tho head, which is smaller and far 

 more perfect than here ropresteuted. 



Philip Allen iss the property of Messrs. ASBXBl 

 & BiiOTHBR, of Nunda, Liv. Co., N. Y ., u h<» pur- 

 chased him last December for 13,000, and pi 

 to keep him for breeding purposes. 17c 

 years old— bred by Hiram pECK.ofWeat Borvvai] 

 Vt. Sired by David Hill's celebrated Vermon 

 Black Hawk. Dam, Lady Morgan, sired DJ Qui 

 and he by the original Justin Morgau 





grand dam by a son of old 

 Color, hay brown— 1;V.,' hands high— woighs 1,050 

 lbs. Philip Allen is ft half brother of Ethan Allen, 

 also of Lancet, and partakes of the style and speed 

 of those celebrated trotters. He has made 2.44 on 

 a half mile track, and his owners claim thut in 

 nl Ihrrn and style and speed, combined, 

 ■s any trolling s'allion extant. 

 mgraliilaic tb'c farmers of Livingston 

 !>•_- e.mntiei upon this valuable acces- 

 ir breeding stock, and have no doubt 

 i will bc appreciated by those who be- 

 pugating from the best. 



but with some also, who have farms, (farms paid 

 for, too,) fields of waving grain, and land well 

 adapted to grazing. 



Now, I consider this practice absolutely, utterly 

 unjustifiable. It is easy to conceive i<I 

 lor (he man that is poor, and has no land, but a 

 family whose support is dependent upon his daily 

 labor,— indeed we should vote it uo great crimt 

 were he to turn his cow into our " long pit-rui e. '- 

 but even then we must be allowed the opinion that, 

 pecuniarily, it would be of uo profit or ;ui\ juiI.i-m- 

 to him ; for the time spent in look iug her up, driv- 

 ing her home, Ac., would, if employed in some 

 useful labor, more than pay the expo-' "I (■:■ ' ■ 

 ing, to say nothing of the incrt-ii-cl ■ ' 



quality of milk, and her imjircnd condition. But, 

 tor tbe man who owns a farm, and bat laud well 

 calculated for grazing, there can be no excuse 

 whatever. He is in fact guilty of a misdemeanor— 

 au outrage upon his neighbors, whose pence und 

 quiet he contributes to destroy— au offence against 

 community at largo. 



I care not in how good repair fences arc kept, 

 in a section where this habit is practiced to any 

 considerable extent, it will be a sour 

 annoyance, trouble, and litigation. . 

 famished creatures, which have eaten 

 of grass, and even weeds, attainable 

 bounds of the road, driven almost to ili->[ ciiim-n 

 by hunger, will not let a common post and boupW 

 rail lance deprive them of the luxuries from which 

 it only separates them. Man will do almost any- 

 thing to satisfy tbe cravingsofhungcr , I u, I 

 expected of beasts'/ What is more provking} m 



hogs break into your meadow or grain tn.1,1., .iml 

 make tlfdA horrible work as they onli ■ 

 And then the poor beasts; ten chances to one if 

 they are not dogged until they are nearly exhaust- 

 ed from fatigue andaxcilemens, when not tbey, but 

 ■ owners are to blame. Then, pel ha] ■ ' 

 follows ; and money enough ia paid for dama- I pour 

 ges to cattle, or lor trespass, aud perhaps both. I 

 ore than pay for pasturing them a whole sc 

 The practice tends to develop the mischi 

 faeuIUoa, and render animals urn uij 





■very epe: 



TREATMENT OF MILCH COWS. 



Fir ie sin Kl'iial Being confined to tbe house by 

 indisposition, I am inclined to thiuk of my friends, 

 hence you come In for a share. 



During the) aar past many have been the inqui- 

 ries and answers in your columns in relation to 

 cows. :iml I he best mode of treat men I, so as to pre- 

 vent their having caked bugs. Taking it for grant- 

 ei.l dial some people are jet milking some of their 

 cows, I would say to them tlml, in drying off your 

 cow, do it not iu a circles* manner, but take the 

 milk away once in twenty-four hours, for several 

 days, then on eacfa oltei oate day, und then on every 

 third or fourth day, until the bag is thoroughly 

 ■■.'.',/. Inthia case there will !"■ do fever in thi 

 bog, hence no maturated milk,— neither strings 

 nor slugs. Now then, you will have the glands of 

 the udder iu a he ilthy condition; and now to keep 

 it so. Your cow is to pass through an important 

 stage to calving time. I do not care in how high 

 eornliliou you keep your cow, by feeding hay, 

 stalks, straw, roots, shorts, Ac,,; but she should 

 not be fed to a high condition of Mesh wilh corn 

 when iu calf uud giving no milk, us I deem corn too 

 In. i mill feverish for the blood under such com in- 

 stances, tbe cow giving no milk for relief. 



U Iji o to ■ lime arrives for a cow to "^ or 



spi me; bug," you may oh 



enlarge and swell, and if her blood 



healifa) coi i here will be 



in themiik duds and glands, which become tender 

 og tho.animal to-JUnoi whao milked 

 kick; and if the bag is not properly 



cleared, fcvei is followed bj luflamntatioDiaj ,.,, 



the caked bog is apt toboH 



My method, which h founded on exptt 



,1 ,,,, ,. .during the four weeks ia Which abc 



■ 



,, r,t nicsseaofriopmadeof bran or 



lissolveyoursaltpelrc in hot wuler, 



l«b and mix thoroughly. This 



purge all imparities from the bow's 



mII much diminish the liability to 



■ 



With your permission, a few remarks about how 



after calving. Firstly, take away 



and lank in condition. Indeed, it appears to me .-.bout one-half or two-thirds of her milk, and 



, : object (and what else 

 stock raising, much more would be made by 

 keeping cattle in good p. 

 good care and attention ; and oerl 

 Lave any re/pecl for their neighbors, will not per- 

 sist in the practice of "patUirina ■'■ 



Much more might be aaid, and I couUl not toy 

 feaupun the subject; but as "brevity" is your 

 motto, I will close with the hope that some day, 

 not far distant, tbe custom will become obsolete. 



i'ilJtnorv, AUcg. Co ., N. V., IbW. J. S. 



■ t to lur bef.ire you feed her anything c 

 will take it down greedily, but not meddle wilb 

 milk afterwards. Tho calf mutt take the balanu. 

 How her toeathcrownclcar.ir.g- 

 ■nd then, with other treatment all light, your COW 

 is in fair condition to do well. 



I write both from observation and experience, 

 having years ago kept a small dairy witb fair profit 

 and success in the renowned dairy county of old 



m. I Phoip*,: 



=26 



