TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 



• PROGRESS AJNTD IMPROVEMENT.' 



ISINGLE NO. FOUR CENTS. 



VOL X. NO. 16. f 



ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, APRIL 16, 1859. 



I WHOLE NO. 484. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YOKKER, 

 rami* uTB&ABi im paiuti newspaper. 



With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 

 TKRMA, IN ADVANCE: 





.t least worthy 



spoken i»f by many 

 of trial. The latter we plaolcd lust year and were 

 well pleased with it. It is fine in appearance, bore 

 ua a good crop and ripened early. A correspon- 

 dent writes us: "I have tried most of the new kinds 

 of corn, and must say that I find nothing better 

 Hutu the J'u/toi', lihht- Mowed Yellow and lt<d 

 Strwk, and if these varieties are grown so as to 

 mix freely, I like it all the better." 



What shull be done about Growiny Food /or 

 Stock t Did we wish to keep or fatten a large 

 number of cattle on a small farm, and make tin- 

 most of their manure, we would cut their green 

 feed to a great extent at least, and ulso endeavor 

 ■ ie plant fox dry feed in tho winter 

 : produce more than either Timothy 

 <>r Clover. A gentlemen stated during B dis- 

 cussion at the last New Vork State Fair, that he 

 hnd grown Western coin for fodder, and produced 

 nl the rate of twenty tuus to the acre when cured. 

 Takingone-balf oi'thisaiii 



what un amount of winter feed for stock could he 

 to this whs lidded nil acre 



.. rhftpi an aero of 

 each, how much more slock could he kept OH a 

 small farm than in the usual way ol 'grow n.-; .. imi 

 ore Lun-ond-a-balf of Timothy or Clover, and thirty 

 or Forty bushels of corn. Tun hundred bushels of 

 carrots are equal iu nutrition lo 1 ' - tuns of hoy, so 

 ,;,.,! ,-,. i bushels ol carrots, which is not a large 





■|o[l. 



.1 |iii"iiici' 



(utis Iu I lie 



WHAT IS TO BE DONE! 



;- ii , i . n;.. t, ii ' l. 



lo conum nee What the bands lii d Eo i 



,...', „ii n- ,,,,,!,! it.ii the hands, 



k Ml Yam. U 

 .. , HlliplisiH.'S 



the most. Many n bard ■■ 



i Ii. A little thoUgntwH] 



viiVi- mum ii li:itd .in d .. ■ I. ■ ■' .'■ ■■■.«■! '. U-.m .■ 



. ' T ■ hoy, seeing how little nood 



I'liir, becomes 



tn seek some 



■ 



,,- t]i:it IU,' .l.il,. nil. i.-. ... n mi ..I |.r >prr managc- 



■ ■ I to be gained, 



■us to accotn- 



,.nl Un. Uboi " ill be easy Every 



■ '■■ i ■- ■:<■{' towards the desired re- 



■ < n and encourage to con- 



1 ■ i discouraging 



than laboring (i ithoul an objei I 



laborer, aud pai '■ I ■ i liould be told 



not ouly how work is to be done, but the object of 



• I ii Hmi-. 



Hero, kind render, we hate given you a little 

 bundle of truths, gathered from our experience 

 and ob oi t stton, and they are so reasonable thai 



W< i" ISovo * 11 ai < epl them as axioms, which 



•■■■ ■ ■ in i'IniiI I'i'iilil I.v plainer. Scarce- 



with their truth, Last Bummer in making a ramble 



■ ig 11"' tanners, ns was our wont, we stood in 



the bay-field ol one who, by dint of hard work, 

 and o good soil had managed to get along tolera- 

 bly well, in spite of hnd management. All hands 

 won atli [sure Thi b J i bad broken, and 



as the weutlni t ■ ■ ■ In was not ad- 



,i down more, for fear of rain, Itwosa 

 litlli- .shaky the pH-noiisvi-ai, ami should lime been 

 H was not, and tie thought after all it 

 might go through mother barrest, 8oa good por- 



■ ■ ■ 

 Inal next daj they must work from sunrise to dark, 

 fol lost time The intelligence that 

 have to over-tax their powers on I 

 ■ I'N.diiLid ie. pli.-as.int reflections, 



l: -i .it.pli i mlmce 



■ 

 ■ u abundance lo every thinking man. and we will 

 . ( iliv head of tins article, 

 What Utob, j 0nt f 



II.,. 



■ their observance 

 are, whether 



■l and therefore 



pleasant labor, or toil without ooi 



the husbandman. These vte nil i«v e 

 i, hare been heeded, and 



I 

 ,,,■■..:■ 

 known to fan i 



■ ■ ■ ■ 



■ 

 I 



m»f* then if planted three feet each way. Bi 



: 



■ itra crop would not more than cm- 

 , r our reader, 



Imprvr. 



f the 

 prairie soil, hut we 



have tin idea that such crops could be grown here. 

 i . ,;, ciding ■ ■■■■'■'■' ■ ■ to b • ■' n< the present spring, 

 ,i ,,-ill in w.dl to consider the beslmeuiis of grow- 



■ ! i ■! "!;, for we are 



ler present ..■irriii,, ! ■ 



growing and fttteniflglB one of the most profitable 

 employments In which the farmer eon engage. 



We look for improvement io American farming 

 mainly iu this direct! 



ily Hie imall pvft.'oti of his farm which lies near 

 the surface, reaping larger crops and with more 

 prnlil than his neighbor who inverts Aw farm a 

 good way down towards the center. The hard 

 il, miring in winter and baking in summer, 

 , after all, just the right food for plants. He 

 finds, too late, that ha has turned Ma/arm </p-*ide- 

 , and lucky is he who does not find himself 

 turned off before he can get it " rijht-fil -"/>" 



Now, Mr. Editor, is there nny hope for me '! Can 

 iu say anything to give me the least encouragc- 

 cut? Is there any soil that w ill bear deen plow- 

 ing? and if so, what kind of soil is it V 1 hardly 

 plow any more till 1 hear from you. Do write 

 and have him tell us what soil, if any, to plow 

 deep. I shall be in a perfect agony of suspense 

 till I know. And, by the way, I wish while you 

 about it, you would urge upon your correspon- 

 dents generally, the necessity, in relating their 

 and experiments, of giving as pre- 

 cisely as possible, the nature and characteristics or 

 iil operated upon aud written about. By so do- 

 caders would he much better able to judge 

 whether aueh treatment would answer in their own 

 To act ou this bint, I will begin by saying 

 mo winking tine plain land; soil, a Sandy 

 Uy loam; what few stones there ore, are 

 y "cobble stones." The subsoil is pretty 

 llie same same as the Mil l'a< ,- 



..file 



ABOUT DEEP AND SHALLOW PLOWING. 



Ens, Ritual;— I'm in trouble— in fact nlnio; 

 driven lo dispair. Only lliiuk of it ; here 1 have 

 been the last ten years— yes, for my whole life 

 time, in fact, under the impression ii 

 in" was ont of the essential requisites of good 

 farming. Acting upon this iiuprcvsion 1 huiL-becn 

 fur the last ten yeaa • gradually deepening my soil, 

 i>\ plowing a little deeper emh tune, till l iiawg"t 



ilon, i nine, ten and even twelve inehr- i!< -.■[., an. I 

 still going down. I haw got this impression by 

 reading sueb agricultural papers and books as I 

 rail.l get hold of— by listening to the teachings of 

 iur best formers, and I often think of the Baying 

 of " Poor Richard" to 



" Plow deep while sluggards sleep, 



This question of deep or shallow plowing, is one 

 Of vast importance to every farmer, for no man 



iv 1 11 be fool •■■ gh to plow i . 'lve ei sixteen inches, 



deep, aflcr he finds it u ju as well •} bfittei to 

 to plow only four. It. sccm» to me that the ques- 

 tion might, he solved to o demonstration on par- 

 tioular aofls, 1 have no iSSo from I 

 know i d " hard j>"»" subsoil, that crops would be 

 particularly benefited by bringing any quantity 

 into immediate contact with them. Nor would I 

 recommend bringing much ot any kind of subsoil 

 up at a time. " Little by little" has been my motto 

 and practice. ■ Io!,N " P. Ovesshirb. 



Athens, Bradford Co., Pa., 1859. 



iabks.— As the subject discussed by Mr. 0. is 

 being thoroughly ventilated by our corespondents, 

 leave it, for the present, in their hands — not 

 doubting that the truth will be elicited. It may be 

 proper to remark, however, that we do not endorse 

 all the opinions and conclusions of correspondents 

 especially those who oppose deep plowing -ft all 



Us — though -we allow them to give the " ' 

 and wherefores of their respective theories— 



menccd on a piece of land that had bci 



of the purest white running! the upper maudi- 



thoeye. The back and tail I 



..-,,iii. tliM.nt white, breast dedicate dove color, 



spotted win, while. It has of:, -i bei " ■ math i ■ I 



surprise to u\ that this bird has not boi ■■ 



gonei illy domwllcated, as it can hi ■ 



M. Vai 



- (h,.|. 



sie, and we understand has batched several bloods, 

 [ta popular name of wood duck is derived from 

 the fact that it makes its nest in hollow treeaj und 

 ol ' /-. from remuioiug with us during 



the summer. It is only teen iu the North during 

 the summer immths, migrating Southwardly with 

 tlie cold weather. It is familiarly known in every 

 part of the United States from Florida lo Lake 

 Ontario, and is found about the creeks, bays and 

 rivers. It rarely visits the sea shore or the salt 

 marshes, its favorite haunts being the solitary, 

 deep and muddy creeks, ponds and mill-du 



hollow tree that overhii 

 duck is equally will kiio 

 the West Indie M I 



I frequently n 



eold 



i the i 



ii-id fe.'t. iirut il..--li ... -l-.i-.-.t bill. It is also 

 larga~ona of the lorgaal ol tun dunkfcmjly — and 

 excellent for the loble. The mum- ie derived from 

 the I i? i, -I lylei bai j in England, in \i uioh aeigh> 



h"il I lliev iur l.r|.l in Iur-- ,| I , l.ir ll,,.. 



i nerl ot Ui UIST says: — 



1 i'i" adult Aylesbury duck should at 



I'-'i.v led, from ten to twelvo 



i i'ii 1 1 i ,i dee i Instances, 



t.--i«ti-i. have occurred when tllfl denjkes HAM 



mis mill upward* and would 



in all probability, if fattenad) reach ten pounds 

 each. They are very prolific layers. From two of 

 these ducks 800 eggs have been obtained In tbj 

 course of twelve moulhs; in aihlilioti tn which, 0U0 

 of them sat twice, tho other only once, the three 

 nests giving thirty young ones. The egg* vary in 

 color, some being while, while others arc of pale 

 blue. As a farther recommeiidutnui i'.u- il,,.i,i, in 

 an economical point of view, ii i» iirgm il ilmi ttieir 

 consumption of food is less than that of the com- 

 mon duck ; and another advnutage may be found 

 in their comparative silence from the continuous 

 "quack, quack, quack," of the latter bird. They 

 also attain greater weight in leas time; aud, from 

 - appearance when plucked, arc a far 

 uiore marketable article. 



plowing. Judge of my surprise then, Mr. Editor, 

 on reading the following in your issue for March 

 96tb, from " * " of Trumniislinrg, N, T,:— " On a 

 large proportion of land iu our State, deep plow- 

 ing for corn is not advantageous. Experience, and 

 the well known fact that the roots of corn arc «i- 

 waiji found near the surfaer, demonstrate it." 



You may believe those two little 

 me lo thinking— thut is, after I g,>i a little over my 

 mid think. I thought if those 

 e, that after all the labor be- 

 stowed, the horse flesh wasted in p|i>«m-deep. 

 that like enough I had been injuring my land in- 

 stead of benefiting it. 1 began to think whether 

 it was a " fact that the roots of corn ore always 

 found near the surface." I thought of plowing up 

 corn stubble the other day for oats, and while so 

 doing I stopped uiy leum lo rest, and sat down on 

 the plow beam to real myself. While seated there 

 I amused myself by pulling up corn stubbles and 

 examining the roots, noticing how very numerous 

 and long they were and how they spread out in 



lion, and how they descended down 

 even to tho bottom of the furrow. That was before 

 I had read the article refeind to, ami mv Conclu,- 

 nce in favor of 

 deep plowing, for those roots rau down at least ten 

 , ■, d wrong ! That is the 

 question that puirlcs inc. 



I looked anxiously for the next Rural, hoping to 

 find something in il to help me out of my great 

 quandary. Rut. slenl in the m-xt Ruoal I find 

 the following, which, instead of helping oil- out 

 ! u,y difficulty. Nrrea U] cast Still greater B> 

 spirit of mi 



n speakingon this subject, says 

 e often see the farmer, who iuvc 



■W.J. F., 



CLADDING'S HAY ELEVATOR. 



The above engraving is intended to represent a 

 Hnv Elevator, or Horse-Power I'itcb Fork, patented 

 last season by C. E. Glapdino, of Troy, I'a. The 

 inventor claims that "this Elevator possesses many 

 important advantages over all other forks, among 

 which are the following:— The tines being allowed 

 to drop to discharge its load, the tilting of the 

 handle, as in other power forks, is avoided ; hence, 

 hay can be unloaded with the utmost facility and 

 ease into shed windows or beneath purlin beams, 

 and many places where other horse forks c; 

 be used. The Elevator can in all cases be 

 with greater ease than any other horse 

 also well adapted to stacking. With this 

 i tun of hay can be unloaded in from five to 

 minutes." This Elevator received the first 

 i, after thorough trial and competition, at 

 last New York and Pennsylvania State Fairs. 

 ■ till practical farmers and 

 _ witnessed a trial of this Elevator a 

 days since, and were highly pleased with its 

 operation, as were all present who expressed any 

 opinion. It unloaded about a tun of hay, placing 

 it m the loft of a lively stable, (the wagon standing 

 in the street,) and pitching through a small door, 

 doing its work iu a very perfect and expeditious 

 manner. From this test, in n difficult place, we 

 an; satisfied that the Elevator is a valuable labor- 

 saving invention the best machine for the pur- 

 pose within our knowledge — and therefore com- 

 mend it to the attention of all interested. It iim-l 

 prove u decided acquisition in the haying season, 

 when huth time and labor are money. For price, 







TEE "ADVISORY BOARD" DEFENDED. 



Ma. Mooiiki— I have noticed by reading the 

 Rnn.iL and other kindred journals of late, that 

 you and your contemporaries have become excited 

 and very uncivil towards your old friends, the 

 " intelligent agriculturists." You have heretofore 

 praiBed and fluttered us until we began to believe 

 we were the very " bone aud sinew " of our coun- 

 try— in fact that we stood at the bead of the pile, 

 and that all other classes were beneath us, and 

 dependent upon us even for their bread and butter. 

 You now attempt t<> hurl us from our supposed 

 elevated position, and place us at the bolt, mi with 

 " scientific agriculturists and terra-culturists," 

 and the only apparent reason for this great change 

 in you is just because " one or more " of us "from 

 the different sections of the Union " were invited 

 to join n branch of the "kitchen cabinet " at Wash- 

 ington, and "faro sumptuously" as long as 

 "twenty-five dollars" would last. For no other 

 reason than having been thus honored, you 

 notwithstanding your former praises, try to make 

 out after all that we are nothing but a set 

 tiflc numskulls. 



As my object in writing this letter is to present 

 the truth in such a light that you will be convinced 

 ofvonrerrorfand of course acknowledL."-' he SI 

 I will make a fair and plain statement of the 

 for your consideration. 



It is well known that for many years there has 

 been a department of Agriculture attached to the 

 Patent-Office, supported by national funds, that 

 this department has been under the control of the 

 Commissioner of Patents, and also that a large 

 amount of money has been spent yearly in collect- 

 in:.- I 'II- iNiimitin:/ '.-,■, 1., |, I. nit-. Ai: , and in 



publishing an annual report. It is Bquolly » " 

 known tlmt, after all this great expenditure of 

 money and brain power, the BgrieoHa™U uW 

 not 1,,,-n benehti-d m (lie least thereby. 



It would now appear from the plans rtqrttltj 

 the present Commissioner 

 vinced that utl the efforts 

 department to aid a 

 si.nl bad been I'utiK 

 change his advisor 

 nent" to " inlelliijen 



lie 



sible, effee 



tillers of the 

 bus determined at once to 

 nod assistants from "emi- 

 agnculturists," and thus, if 

 uugh reform. To this end 



umjIvcI ii|m ii inviting from the different sec- 

 of the Union one or more intelligent ogricul- 

 ■s," {mark the language.) skilled iu the various 

 branches of rural industry, to convene at Wash- 

 n, with the view of imparting a knowledge 

 of such facts in practical husbandry as may bavo 

 ; within their experience and observation, and 

 iggest means by which our crops may be in- 

 creased, improved in quality, or iniuh; mine profit- 

 able to the producer." Those invited were to be 

 furnished, In lore tin- iiu-i-tni'.', with " interroga- 

 tories and blanks to enable them to record facta" 

 at home while their farm and Held booll ITHTI be 



All these "intelligent agriculturists " that had 

 trusty help to caro for their stock during their ab- 

 sence assembled al Washington at the appointed 



time, and were introduced by the Cummi-- Il '" 



the President as "u body of practical agricul- 

 turists." Furthermore the President, Lfl Ins 

 speech to them, said he was "happy '" n '"' nu 

 manv practical agriculturists who m 

 science fully "-who had heretofore ''staid at home 

 and minded their own business." He 1| "'" '"""- 

 duced them to Miss Uks as M,e fanners to whom 

 she was indebted for her bread and butter. 



>, lU sir ii --in '"' ""' " l,l,lLI, ' L ' d from read- 

 ing the abo've 'of your gross error In calling the 

 "Advisory Board" a set of "visionary theorists, 

 terra-eulturists. and self-dubbed profi il |unl 

 look at their distinguished titles. Why, Sir, of 

 the forty-four that assembled, a dozen or so were 

 Honorobles, the rest were Drs., and Enqs., 

 Culi'-iiel*, .n"l M.ijon, w-itb one Fx -Governor, one 

 IU'V., one regular Professor of Agriculture, Hid 

 last, but not least, one Agrieultuial Bdltor; ami 

 so far as I can lenrn the very lowest title belong- 

 ing to any individual invited, is that ol (!ii|.laiii m 

 the Michigan Militia. Who would have thought 



that the whole frock and trowsers regit I "" 



tained so many titled intJiTiduals ' Pertly, Oil 

 dignity of agricultural labor i* looking up ' 



But il is not enough that you and your 

 poraries should apply such vile epithet* »» " ,e 

 above mentioned to the*e titled " uH.-Hil- -"i ^h- 

 cullurists," who, m 

 come "skilled in 

 industry"— yuu mi 



