I%pjf " 



"•^ . ~T'^_'- -- 



APB3EL 16. 



KOOHS'S EXJUJlL hew-yokksh. 



RULES TO BE 0B5EBVED BY SCHOLARS. 



Vmu, Ens : - I "'I' g^o too a few rules which 

 I hive observed myself, end which I 



u ill not some of your young readers 

 try litem? Arise it 6 o'clock in the morning. 

 person who makes any pretensions to industry 

 'i to Bleep awaj tune niter this h 

 Study ut least one hour before breakfast. Wash 

 in cold water, and at toe breakfast table goird well 

 ,onr diet. Eat sparingly of rich or highly sea 

 ,,| food. No scholar can make rapid progress 

 Indulges in eating suoh food a* will ample? the 

 uirooiSald most of the time In the stomach to 

 carry on the process (tT digestion, when the sam« 

 i i] hi* head to digest his thoughts. 

 I ■.,( no Rll pOI* and hut tittle grcascof anykind. 

 To cit much or such food makes a scholar feel dull, 

 h-mk i„i tea or coffee— 



nothing hut ooldwator h abort, 1*1 your die 



'.indulging but 

 rarely iu animal food of any kind. 



;. i into i he school-room beforeschool 

 has commenced. This will enable you to confer 

 with your teacher upon any point of difficulty that 

 may hare arisen during your morning study. If, 

 however, by nut mishap, vmi should not be able to 

 gel iu untiluftcr school has commenced, then let it 

 be your aim Income in tery etill, so as not to annoy 

 the rest of the school. Do not, by all means, allow 

 yourself to como into the entry and there stamp 

 the snow or mud from off your feet till you have 

 ntlracled the attention of (lie whole school ; and 

 then, worse than all, open the door and stamp 

 through to the store. This is very annoying to the 



iv hole -cl I ; perfectly dislract i rig to the teacher, 



nnd witbnl, entirely unnecessary. 

 Did you ever think what an easy 



he L 



u tin- r 







lakc the broom and brush your feet, and then 

 the school-room so quietly as to ultract the atten- 

 tion Of neither scholars nor teachers. With regard 

 to your deportment after you have entered the 



i.chnol room it will he only nrr-essary to observe 



that it should correspond throughout the day with 

 this beginning. Ho studious in school hours- let 

 your motto he dili>)tn.-*, ■ ntrirr/ and pft-Aeverenrr.— 

 When out at piny bo liiuty nnd chttrfnl. 



In conclusion, may be allowed to say that any 

 scholar who will put these regulations rigidly 

 in practice, will not only stand u hundred chances 

 to one of m uk mi: mjiid />ro,/r<<.< in his studies, but 

 also of for surpassing such of bis mates as are ac- 

 customed to rise nt pleasure in tlie morning, gorge 

 tbomsclrea with plenty of rich food, fut pork and 

 grease not excepted, nod then loiter into school at 

 a time most convenient to themselves. 



Stockton, N. Y. School TB4cnmt. 



KlXDBAKCBS TO Sll ut— To be enabled to make 

 improvement in the m-ipii^ition nf knowledge, it is 

 essential that the mind he in a statu to VtUtk the 

 beauties of uaturul science, otherwise it will be 

 useless for either parent or teacher to make any 

 i'fhn-1 (f, nnplnnl useful ideas in the youthful mind. 

 If our minds are not in a lit stale for the reception 

 of knowledge it is evident that the days of our 

 youth will soon he spent, ripened manhood will ap- 

 pear, connected with ten thousand circumstances 

 that will require the practice af that mental cul- 

 ture weoughl to have acquired when the mind was 

 elastic, and susceptible of almost unlimited ex- 

 pansion. 



And, I nsk.canour mlnda be iu this "fitting 

 hluU." it united to unhealthy action and vitiated 

 by a perusal of the yellow covered literature of the 

 day f— by reading and pouring over the "thrilling 

 tales" of nlpertenflftd noroUatsl Pu9atB,t*uhm, 

 think of (his ! See to it that the minds of your 

 children and pupils arc not contaminated, aye, and 

 diseased, by this or anv other practice.— J., Mid- 



l Mi.iv- Teachers, show do parti- 

 alis in smir school Deal openly and frankly 

 with all, aud endeavor to do all yon promise to do 

 for your pupils. Never promise to have an exhibi- 

 tion or a spelling school which you have uo notion 

 ■•■ I rhoo ]..■■ iking to your pupils; and when once 

 the promise is made, fultil it ut all costs. For, if 



\ou il.-r.'ii i- them oin'e or twice. (h,..y will not re- 



spect your word, Never promise to give a pren , i . 

 urn with, mt 1 K T t"orniing, unless the reason for so 



irlj let I'.n-di, that all may understand 



it, I have known evils to result from such prac- 

 kItnaJ.RUDIB, h->:r/„i/U,S(arI:Co.,0. 



■ SOOLa OF Mi.-vk i.i. — Thfl annual 



'"" l »" l' 1( . >.>| 1 ,-ni,'.,-,,.l. 1,1 ,,( !■,,,, il, mil Sehools Ol' 



Missouri shows the amount of money apportioned 

 OOl fund of that State, to have been 



♦ illl.v,; ; | ,„ ,„-,,_ 1Ii( , |ul]|lW[ . 0| chUdn , n b(S 



™* TI "ud twenty years of agewas 341, 121; ra- 

 Number of school districts in the 



s "" "■ ■'■ ^ I hou 



, female te.ch- 



■ i itl,.vjs. The 



'""""' foi the lehool fond rnlSCT 



s *_':! ,,M1 y 4 ; the mimber of children between 



e and twenty y 



iga vi 



Tta CtnUWHOI ft. Y. C.Tr.-Ontof onohun- 



ity-lhrre thousand, five hundred and 



luldren between the age* f fire nnd 



, m the city of New York, forty-one 



thousand, eight hundred and ninety-eight, nort 



("WoM-AUhts/flai trhoU nunier, goto no schools 



[Tale* and receive no sort of education 



but that furnished in the streets. In connection 



I the New York Srprm remarks:— 



1 i New York cannot afford to he taxed 



n dollars annually for the support of 



■MM school,, nod i 

 1 "' b% children 



school ing, 



let 1 



i thu t 



■lull 



nthout a shadow of 



HOW TO READ WITH PROFIT. 



For the sake of those who are not accustomed to 

 systematic rending, we make aome luggMtfoni Ba 

 to the best mode of reading, so as U gun tin. 

 highest advantage from the books they peruse. 



1. Ascertain the aim of the author. You will 

 thus know what to expect from his book, and may 

 save much time, which might otherwise be spent 

 in looking for what you could not find. An atten- 

 tive reading of the title page, preface, ond table of 

 contents, will enable you to judge pretty accurate- 

 ly what the author is about. Some facts, too, 

 which float only among intelligent men, will aid 

 you greatly in these matters. 



2. Read v?at<fully aud attfu>it.,!y, and with a 

 determination to comprehend thoroughly the book 

 you arc perusing. Read neither credulously nor 

 skeptically, but candidly ; endeavoring to go to the 

 root of the matter, if possible. One hour of such 

 reading is worth a week of the superficial reading 



3. Read with a good dictionary al your elbow, and 

 consult it freely whenever you meet a word you 

 arc not sure you understand. Webster nnd Wor- 

 cester arc the best in general use. We use Web- 

 ster. Never pass an important word without 

 mastering its meaning in the work you are reading. 

 In this way you will soon gain a good stock of 

 words for your own use, while you are learning the 

 meaning of the book you are reading. 



4 After reading a chapter, close the book and 

 try to rccall.and state briefly in your own language, 

 tin' nuli.itnriC" "t "Hi ■■ ■■ ha | 'ter, in the order the author 

 pursues. This is one of the most profitable 

 cises. It will show you just how much you 

 gained by reading. If you cannot do this, 

 read the chapter again. The second reading 

 probably do you some good. The first readin 

 been of little use to you, if you are unable to 

 what the main thoughts are. 



5. If the book is your own — but not, if i 

 borrowed one — you may mark with a pencil the 

 most important thoughts. You will thus remem- 

 ber them more easily, and can refer to them more 

 readily. 



Adopting these suggestions, ynn will read slowly, 

 but what you read will become yovrt. It will stir 

 up your own though K and [uidialdy develop your 

 lowers us healthfully as any other discipline 

 yon i an have — Ohio Farmer. 



Keren forgot the kin< 

 in, nor remind others o 

 do for them. 



WILLIAM A. ALCOTT. 



*&t)t Ucuicivjcr. 



Tin N.i 



,11.. i 



Oha 



' York : D. Apploton .t Co. [pp. 770.] 



1 Is one of the most interesting volumes of the 



C)id.>piedin yet issued. It comprises sonic twelve hun- 

 sul>Ject», Willi description*, defliilllons, A-e., — 



including a large number of distinguished names and 



r distinguished men of the past and present Ol 



numerous importnnt subjects treated upon with 



ability and research, tie most prominent are— Chemis- 



ilriose Language and Literature, Chivalry, Cliris- 



Coast Bnivcy, dans, I'olnr, Commerce, Common Law, 

 on Schools, Comparative Anatomy, Congrega- 

 im, Consumption, topper and Copper Mines, 



Among Hie contributors to tl 



Edwards, Emerson, E 



r King, Shellon Mael 



professions. It ii 



■arch are comprised lu a single 



;i r.n.lu.ter by D, M. De< 



t.T. ' Ilv Ad.imj, Saui>on & Co., I'll 

 NYs, Kin-land Business Directory, and Direct 

 iriy. Troy, Boston, a,-,, A ,-., principal i 



This is a condensed account of the Joumtj - and dl-- 

 overies of Dr. Babth, and perhaps, on account of its 

 he apneas, may be better adapted for general clrcula- 



.•■liredUiour Issue for March 19th. How Judiciously 

 . editor has performed the work "i eon* 



leiismg the Ave volumes, as origlnallj published, lulu 



ailtdj i 





-' P"fl 



uninteresting details. Tlio work 



:'■•. hut they are not models of 

 '" i> Hie priming jum nllnl |, lhouia bt . w mnko a 



■I-* both are as eood as coo Id bo 



■I ,11 K.'.Im-.- 





.oiibat man has rested from bis labors. On 

 first of April, Dr. William A. Alcott departed 

 this life in Doston, aged about 61 years. While 

 we rejoice that Ihe pious dead are blessed, nnd 

 their works follow them, it is well for the world 

 that the works of Ihe good man live, and the i 

 ence of bis labors is felt long after the soul rei 

 to Gon who gave it, and the body is mingled 

 the earth from which it came, The amount of 

 good done, the sacrifices made and the privations 

 endured in its performance, is the only true test ol 

 true greatness. Judged by this slandut d. the sub 

 ject of our brief sketch was truly greut. The re 

 suits of his labors will be felt for ages, exerting a 

 marked influence for good upon the education and 

 happiness of millions in every civilized land. He 

 was one of the noblest pioneers in the reformation 

 of Common Schools in New England ; an indefati- 

 gable laborer in the cause of popular education. 

 While working with untiring eeal to give to every 

 child an opportunity to improve the mind, he was 

 extremely anxious that this should not be gained 

 at the sacrifice of eilher health or morals. When 

 asked by a distinguished educator what he consid- 

 ered the capital error of modern education, he re- 

 plied, " the cuslom of pushing the cultivation of 

 the intellect at the expense of health and morals." 

 Since that time, (1S30,) much tmprovent has been 

 made in this respect, yet, perhaps, even now this 

 is the best reply that could be made to the question. 

 William A. Alcott was born in Wolcott, Conn., 

 on thcoth day of August, 17:' v . llis opportunities 

 for education were confined (o the "District School 

 us," for n few months each year, principally 

 winter, where he learned reading, willing 

 nnd spelling. His molher, however, who had been 

 school teacher in her youth, instructed him in 

 ntlimctic and mtih' other l.nglish branches, re- 

 peated to him the substance of books with which 

 is familiar, but which were not now accessi" 

 either, and thus awakened that love of study 

 and thought, and instilled into his mind those 

 noble, sel-sacrilicing principles « hich ever charac- 

 rized him. Another evidence of the power of the 

 other in moulding the character. 

 His darling project, all through the earlier years 

 of his life, was to become a printer. Circumstan- 

 es prevented this, and until eighteen years of 

 ge he was compelled to work on the farm during 

 be summer mouths, improving, however, every 

 insure moment in perusing Ihe books that he was 

 .ble to obi uin from the libraries of friends. These 

 books he did not merely read, but made extensive 

 of interesting passages, even copying rare 

 works entire. With such -perseverance be could 

 fail to make his mark in the word, and we 

 ciiiiiriKinl this cMimple to young men and women 

 of the present day, who can hardly find patience 

 ud a dull book, and consider everything dull 

 an exciting novel. Although he was sadly 

 disappointed at being unable in become a priutcr, 

 have no doubt the farm work which encuiu- 

 nccs compelled bun to perform, was much the 

 t calculated for the development of both body 

 and mind. Of a delicate cm -tit nt ion, nnd threaten- 

 ed with pulmonary disease, if he could have fob 

 lowed bis inclination he might havefouud an early 



At eighteen years of age he commenced teaching 

 common school in bis native town, and continued 

 this work for about eight years. He soon com- 

 menced a war of extermination against the high, 

 iiiKomfurtnble benches without backs, and after n 

 deal of effort was enabled to introduce more 

 comfortable seats. Heal, ventilation, and the 



in a youth and an apprentice, ho wos not oi 



ious, hut an active christian, and established t 



Sunday Baboo] in Baltimore, In ] 



from indulging in tippling, which was 



■fl.- -iv.r..l earii>.-M ailemph !■. reform 



ir as too strongly established to be cosily o 

 t repeatedly fell, "tier a few weeks or n 

 sobriety, musing himself Incase remorse, am: 



i reform. This Society Mr. '. 



nigh proved hi* ruin— a glorious revenge, . The subject 

 -keU.-h died In August last. From-lbe Publishers, 

 r eala bj booksuUcrs generally. 



general appearance of the school room next claimed 

 his attention, nud thus commenced a reform which 

 was long and sorely needed, and which hus result- 

 ed in making our school houses, where our children 

 spend so many of their wakeful hours, compara- 

 tively pleasant and healthful. 



In 1824 Mr. Alcott, commenced the study of 

 medicine, contiuing teaching, however, most of 

 the time, nnd in 13i!G received a regular license to 

 practice medicine aud surgery. His health being 

 such as to prevent bis teaching, he practiced med- 

 icine for about four years, when his health becom- 

 ing much improved, ho returned with delight to 

 his favorite work of instruction. 



In 1830 he became connected with Rev. Wis. C. 

 WoonnninGE, iu an attempt to advance the inter- 

 ests of education in Connecticut, by establishing 

 a school for the special instruction of Common 

 School teachers, and to this end made various ap- 

 peals in the journals of the day, wrote essays, de- 

 livered lectures, and visited schools, with a Zealand 



To aid in the work in which he was engaged, he 

 conceived the idea of establishing an Educational 

 Journal, but indigence and other obstacles pre- 

 vented. In 1881 his friend and associate 

 WoonmitDOB, having purchased the Jourt 



solicitation Mr. Alcott removed to Boston, and 

 became an associate editor of that Journal. He 

 also edited a child's weekly paper, called the Juvt- 

 nil,- I{itm)ihr, and for four years was the editor of 

 that popular juvenile monthly, PbrUy*S Magi 

 About this time he commenced those ser 

 works which have rendered his name a household 



The most popular of these were " The House I Live 

 In," "The Young Mother," "The Mother in the 

 Family," "The Young Husband," "The Young 

 Wife," "Lectures for the Fireside on the Ten Com- 

 mandments," etc., etc. To show the untiring in- 

 dustry of the subject of this brief memoir, we 

 only state further that he was the author of 

 one hundred works, mostly of a respectable 

 Fourteen of Ihese books were designed more 

 ticularly for teachers and the friends of educal 

 thirty treated of physiology, physical educntiou 

 and health; fourteen wore books lor Hie family and 

 school library; and over forty were designed for 

 Sabbnth School Libraries, and they are the m< 



lefbJ of our Sabbath School books. In additi 



these be preserved copies of over a II sandiit 



elcs which lie contributed to the periodical pre: 



But, his labors are ended— bis work is done, a 

 who will say that it is not well done. Still, < 

 must say that, while there is much to admire 

 his system of government, bolh for the family and 

 the school, we never could love bis stern discipb 



his military rule, where the slightest violati 



of law reijuircd an adequate puimhmeut. It seemed 



much of justice, unmixed with mercy. We 



Id rather conquer by love. Iu (his respect, we 



observed a marked improvement in bis later works, 



d could be live his life over again, we have no 

 doubt he would govern more by the law of kinduess. 

 Stern and exacting to himself, abstemious and 

 Doing to u fault, it is not strange that he 

 jow il little of the same sternness in his 

 of others. 



The portrait which we give was engraved for the 

 Rural, from a fine steel plate in Alcott's Firetidt 

 t.-tui',*, published by E. Daiirow & Bro., of this 

 ity, and was engraved from a photograph likeness. 

 It is the only portrait of Mr. Alcott, we believe, iu 



Books Received. 



rrar. By 



■ ■ 



■Being 



■ 

 ■ : I'r.-- N.-sv V,,rk : TbuleLier i HuMi 



.. M..,,,-, 



-■ l>p|..i 



■i i.vm 



■ 



(V'rri iV." x,'« v','rk"i 

 Itadd Al Carlton, [pp. I 



TllF. Lll.V nr THE I'IF. 



I!> Mr.-, i n i 



delpUa: 



. [l:.pn,.l. 



>.'y.ls,] iwUl/byWwrv. 



" ' • X,'n )i*Ho B 



:^:." 



[pp. Oi] Sold by Dawtr. 



COUHTEY AND CITY 



Musks. E..s.;-Tho UR h a resident of the city, I 

 take the liberty to addroas you concerning many 

 things, the bearing, of which I have been enabled 

 to perceive from a sland off point of vitw. I have 

 taken the story-papers of N cw York city until I 

 become fairly sick of the sentimental nonsense 

 contained in them. My only reUtl ,, B0II ,-„,,„, 

 in the pages of your paper, It is „f „ uch a niJB 

 cellaneous character that the tastes of all are grati- 

 fied— the farmer, the artisan, the teacher, the 

 school-boy,— all, young and old, find equal delight. 

 That is the sort of a newspaper we want,— none of 

 those flaring novelettes, 



proves, an agricultural paper need not be dull or 

 destitute of life and interest for all. 



Whoever has lived uny considerable time in the 

 city will be able to perceive the demoralizing ef- 

 fects of such society on all around. The young 

 urchin, before he is able to eat bis victuals with 

 any tolerable degree of propriety is seized with a 

 great craving fur tobacco. This is the prelude to 

 indulging in spirituous liquors, visiting engine- 

 houses, theatres, Ac. There is none of that chnr- 

 , genuine refinement and modest good 



which belongs to our country youth. 



That is the moral eduealiun which most city boys 

 V and what are its effects* The history of our 

 country nt the present day shows. 



Country boys when they come into the city are 

 often jeered at, called "clowns," "gawka," and 

 indry other appellations of the curb-stono no- 

 encluture. At our country fairs, many young 

 ?oplc from the rural districts, station thomselvo 

 ith various articles on exhibition. Tbej neither 

 hurt anybody nor resent an injury, and yet tbey 

 s sometimes beset by a loafish class who swarm 

 from any neighboring city. They do not even 

 y their fare if they can possibly avoid it, but 

 climb under the fence, over the fence or jump on 

 behind a farmer's team as it enters. Some of the 

 melons and throw the rinds back in 

 contempt at those whom they rubbed of their law- 

 ful property. 



Country boys* I know, are ignorant of a great 

 many things with which city boys arc familiar, and 

 1 nm glad of it. Is it any discredit to be ignorant 

 of their wicked troys! Not in the leti.-t. The look 

 of manly innocence and good sense is often mista- 

 ken by these boys as the mark of an ignorant and 

 sheepish spirit. Boys do not be affected by this.— 

 Do not even desire the praise of the bad. and above 

 all, do not endeavor to imitate these rowdies. You 

 will be more respected if yon remain even uncon- 

 scious of the existence of such sinful disposed, 

 boys and their practices. DltBs. 



ARITHMETICAL CALCULATION. 



Messrs, Kns.* -I have been a friend and reader 

 of the Rural several years past, und I always am 

 gratified when it comes, especially in pcrusiug tho 

 columns devoted to the "Young Ruiali-i" und 

 " Youth's Corner." Aud when I see so many boys 

 of my own age contribute to its columns, I feel as 

 though I ought to send iu a few lines. In your 

 issue for Feb. 19, 1859, "O-RrnBcV requires the 

 reasons of several questions. I think that they 

 have not been answered. In accordance with his 

 request I will give my reasons. The question 

 read:— Why does multiplying a number make it 

 smaller'/ (suppose ho means produce a smaller 

 number.) Why does dividing a number make it 

 larger (or produce a quotient greater than the 

 dividend,) and, why do we place the decimal point 

 where it is? For the first, Whal is it to multiply' 

 Ans. It is to repeat a number, called the multipli- 

 cand, as ninny times as there are units in another, 

 called the multiplier. If there is one unit in the 

 multiplier we repeat the multiplicand once, if sev- 

 enteen we repeat it seventeen times, if i _, of a unit 

 we i.|j.:iI ii '., of a time, if ii-Hiuinhs „!' n m ,it we 

 repeat it fl-lOuoths of a time, and so on invariably, 

 taking such a portion .if the multiplicand as often 

 as there is a like portion of a unit denoted by the 

 multplier. For instance take the number 22.6* 

 multiplied by .006, the product is .13584. We havo 

 taken six thousandths of the mulplicand and tho 

 product is less than the multiplier. And inva- 

 riably when the multiplier is less than a unit the 

 product is less than the number multiplied. In 

 multiplying the number before stated we multiply 

 22M by .(JOG and we have for a product US&4 — 

 In the first place, if we multiply ll] e numbers as 

 though they were whole numbers, our product 

 would be .1358'1 without regard to the point. Wo 

 have multiplied the number 2201 which of course 

 is one hundred times too large. To produce the 

 correct product we must therefore divide it by one 

 hundred which is simply removing the decimal 

 point two places towards the left, nnd our number 

 is 135.84, that is, the multiplicand multiplied by 8. 

 But our multiplier is six thousandths. Our pro- 

 duct is one thousand limes too lurge yet. In 

 remedying this fault we divide it by one thousand, 

 which is gimply removing the decimal point three 

 places towards the left and we have the number 

 ,18584 which is the correct product. In all we havo 

 pointed off five decimal places which, to shorten it, 

 is the same number of decimal places as there are 



hi l">tli factor, • ni,,i i,,g,.(| 1( . r Hence wo havo 



the rule— point off as many from t|„. ,-i.dit ,,f the 



product lol de< llnaU ;i , three air, I, ,-,„, ,| ,,| ,,, m 



ioth factors. Pointing off m di\ i-nm of !|. •'.■duals 

 multiplication of decimals. 



dividend, are equal to those of the q..^.. 

 divisor. We have those of the dividend -n 

 those of the divisor, those of the qaol 



