gs*sfcEJ 



.Zj^. 'nJMRX 



■ma 



TWO DOLLARS A YEAR] 



•PROGRESS A>T> IMPROVEMENT." 



[SINGLE NO. FOUR CENTS. 



VOL X. NO. 17. 



ROCHESTER, N. Y.,— FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, APRIL 23, 1859. 



{WHOLE NO. 485. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



UtlRAL, LUBBABI AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 



With on Able Corpi of Assistants and Contributor*. 

 TERMS, IN ADVANCE: 



OATS, THEIR USE, PRICE, AND CULTURE. 



, perhaps, the mi ■ 

 least liable t« dhv 



.iy from insects. It is successful y 

 ' iout ii wide ruDge of latitude, endur- 

 ing almo*t Sibei run cukl and llOpU'lll In-lit, — ill.] 



on the poorest sondj soil, the stiffeal cloy, or ttc 

 more gonial Imim. . Though used in this country 

 principally for food for the bone and other work- 

 in some parts of the world, as in 

 Scotland unil in Ireland, it is one of chief articlts 

 Dl limn. hi food. Scotland in culled the *' land >' 

 OoJCM," from the (bet that cakes of oaten meil 

 l.ii mi, Ihe pi niripal support of her laboring popi- 

 Intinn, while Hie flimliout, which is a thick unit',, 

 nude of this meal, is no everyday dish, both in 

 Sn.t I nud unil Ireland. In various parts of Canada, 

 Dab-meal la ltxg»\j manufactured, and U fr*ely 



"-'■'I L ■ -h .■ Hi. . . I, I. in-, .[„■, ami ii ]iiiitniii i 



Canadian meal finds u market in the luittd Sialic, 



and a uo be purchased in most of our cities 

 many, and generally bj Europeans, it is preferred 



to the meal from Indian Corn. The prim ijml de- 

 mand for oats, however, in this country i- t,, M i ,. 

 ply our cities with a nourishing food for horses, 

 that will enable them In endure the external haul 

 Murk iritb which many of the pOOt animals 



The price of Outs ranged in Rochester during tie 

 last year from :is to 4fi cents, aud most of tb( 

 would aell readily at about 13. In New York 

 city the range is about five cents per bushel higln 

 and in Chicago a few cents lower. The average 

 yield iu this lection of country, on fair soil am 

 tolerable culture, is something ,„ LT thirty bushel: 

 to the aero, though double tin, quantity is some 

 times grown. In looking over more than a do set 

 experiments made in England, we find that tb 



unalfeal field reported irni i- buabela, and th 

 Froth these facts our readers may be 

 able to judge somewhat of the prospects of profit- 

 ably growiug oatfl, In making a calculation of 

 thi» kind, however, it should be remembered thai 

 the straw of the oat is much more valuable than 

 at of most cereals, cither for Bale in i iti 1, 01 

 ■■ (i that it is at least one of the btSl 

 ■ ■ d down to clover. 

 There are t try many varieties of outs. differing 

 ■~le*t«odpwduetiTeneaa. Ti.„u 



theordiuary weight, but the 



high as -10, aud we 



-. -J pounds. From the 



u.tltouuu.n. a u,. x 



1-" >I.«"W .,.,„,,,, „„ich took the 



"<&'i l~ pound,, the 

 in J the third tl. T|, e XM . 



'•rietiei culti. 

 E.gLnd. ''Tl,, 



mpensntes fur the inferiority nf the straw. — 

 icirearliness renders them very suitable for late 



seeds in high winds, renders their cultivation in 

 lying and exposed situations extremely haz- 

 ardous. 



e, or common outs, us they are more gene- 

 rally termed in Scotland, are distinguished from 

 the early variety by lute ripening, thicker husk, 

 and less meal ; the latter beiug of better quality, 

 lighter per bushel, not usually so prolific ; the for- 

 linwever, have a more vigorous constitution, 

 re better able to resist the effects of atmo- 

 ic changes, such as rains or drougths, and 

 ripe they are less liable to shed their seed in 

 high winds; the straw is greatly superior as fod- 

 ,1, i . mid lastly, they can he cultivated with great- 

 -ii-rc-is than the earlier varieties ou inferior 

 'is, and those of a strong clayey nature. 



; e Of tvi o kinds, the one the Tarta- 

 in, having the car only on one side nf the straw, 

 nl the other the old or common black, with 

 block seeds, hot having u spreading ear, similar to 

 the white varieties. Dun oats are to all apj)ear- 

 ance hybrids between the last mentioned variety 

 and one or other of the white sorts, most probably 

 the late or commou white oat, as they have more 

 of the characteristics e.f the hist mentioned; such 

 as bardincs, lateness, adaptation to clayey and 

 cohl-botlomed soils, and by the superior quality of 

 the meal and straw." In another number we will 

 give descriptions, mid perhaps engravings, of some 

 nl the best varieties. 



ite us June, but it 

 »1 som, yield the 



great benefit, 



during May, and even as 

 found that the earli- 

 laiige of seed is ol 



deteriorate if sown for n 



ofyci 



n I lie - 





■■ll.,- 



Is for seed are produced 

 by laud of a firm clayey nature, situated in an 

 early climate ; and in changing seed from one lo- 

 cality to another that from which the seed is ob- 



taiiu.-d should be curl ii-r than the one where it is to be 

 sown. Experiments show a loss of four bushels to 

 the acre, solely from taking seed-oats from a later 

 tonu earlier soil, The heaviest oats are not always 

 the best for seed, because great weight per bushel 

 is generally indicative of a thin busk; and hence 

 the germ being unprotected is very apt to receive 



the soil at the period of germination." Many of 



the best Scotch farmers invariably sow seed two 

 years old, and contend that thereby the plants are 

 more healthy and vigorous, and the yield much 

 greater than if the seed of the last year was used. 



both ripening about the same time— one that is apt 

 to grow wcak-strawed aud thin upon the grouud, 

 but productive, with another that is strong-strawed, 

 Ijrows thickly on the ground, but less prolific. — 

 This course is said to yield a better crop than 

 though cither was sown separately. Farmers dif- 

 fer very materially as to the amount nf seed neces- 

 sary, some say two bushels, others nearly or quite 

 double this amount, while th..- Scotch farmer will 

 sow TV bushels of some varieties. Such excess^e 

 seeding, however, is condemned by the more 

 intelligent. 



to the bushel u 



■ 



have seen oats neigh u 



i form of 

 ripening, 



i Win,]*, and 



mated by hundreds of millions of bushels. 



" We say, therefore, to the few who have made 

 the inquiry, nnd to whoever may think our opinion 

 worth bearing, There is a positive aud signal de- 

 ficiency of Grain in the country at Qua moment, 

 aud you can hardly sow and plant too much. We 

 )t mean that any man should plant or sow 

 twenty acres when he has only help, team and 

 fertilizers to cultivate ten thoroughly ; but we do 

 say. Put in the crops; put them in well, and as 

 e an area us you can fully take cure of. There 

 [.•ii.'Lit European War looming on tin.- horizon 

 may or may not break out this year, but all the 

 craft of Diplomacy, nil the pleadings of Christiani- 

 innot prevent it. That war will create nn 

 n m_' ik'ii iikii i t. in hi r I'ro visions; ho Icven were 

 be ultimately averted, the immense prepara- 

 of the prospective billigerents, then mustei - 

 marchings, and concentrations ol troopa; 

 then diversion of Skill and Labor from productive 

 ndustry to fortification, cannon-easting, the rilling 

 .if muskets, the niannr.icl.iH' of powdii , ,\e , imi-t. 

 :reute an extra demand for food. And not only is 

 there much less drain now in the country than 

 Iy ut this season, but we hear complaints from 

 us quarters of the scarcity of Fodder also- 

 caused, in part, doubtless, by the deficient Grain 

 harvest last year. Let the husbandman prepare, 

 therefore, to double in ',"■'' his Grain eiop nf *la, in 

 the confident a-summc thai the fruits of bis labor 

 will command a liberal recompense." 



-iii-h as color, eiii 

 ihe straw, the pen 

 UaUtttj to ibed (heir seed* in b 

 adaptation to particular soils and cli 



three principal groups of oats, easily 

 ■ 

 i ' e oats arc separable into 

 P vanetits, the late and early ; and these again 

 ub-varieties, characterized by certain 

 of growth. 



arc best adapted for the better class 

 re more than 



THE RURAL SKIES BRIGHTENING! 



TJ>.'DfiR the beading of "Fanning Prospects," t 

 N. V. Tribune has a brief but suggestive aud co 

 prehensive article. Though some of its advice 

 perhaps, too late — such as the admonition about 

 preparing " to double in \W the Grain crop of '58." 



asniuch as winter grain cannot now be increased, 

 while farmers have very generally made their ar- 

 igements for Spring crops, Ac, — the facts and 

 logic presented are worthy of special consideration, 

 and such action as may be consistent on the part 

 of cultivators. After stating that Winter Grain 

 generally looks well throughout the country — 



the open winter — and confidently hoping for heavy 

 crops of both Wheat aud Rye, the Tribune says : 



" But it must be considered thai the gcneralyield 

 of Grain last yem waa a very Light one throughout 

 the Free States. Wheat did mil iu the South, u 

 did Indian Corn in the North ; but the Great West 

 —the granary of America, and to some extent of 

 Europe also — had aligbteryieldpercultivatedacre 

 than ever before. We estimate the Wheat crop of 

 the entire Union at less than ten bushels per 

 and that of the Free States at less that 

 bushels. Michigan, Wisconsin mid Miutiesot 

 ibfl beat ol it; hut even they did not over _ 



iddling crop of Oots. Hardly a third of a crop 

 throughout the country— in the West, 



rdly more than was sown. Indian Cora didbet 



r— in the Sopth, very well; in the South, mid 

 West, than was rather mon 

 Iowa bat 



Ul,i, 



light yield. The aggregate defi- 1 good c 



FACTS ARE FALSE, AND FIGURES LEE. 



The rankest fulsehonds and the wildest absurdi- 

 ties come to us bucked by the most formidable 



are the greatest blunderers. Beware of the man 

 who approaches von with a demonstration. Math- 

 ematics is the parent of moonshine. It comes in 

 thiswise: Truths me related — they are members 

 of a family— stum- in an edifice- parts of a whole; 

 they should be considered in their relations, con- 

 nections, and dependencies if you would use them 

 for purposes of argument, illustration, or influ- 

 ence. A fact is a phase of beiug. It is what you 

 Cud in a particular place at a particular lime. If 

 you will let it alone, it is a fact— a truth — but you 

 harness it to some creed or theory, you consider it 

 in its relations to other facts, and you are liuble to 

 mi.yitd*jr: thvfc r, b.it ions as a necessary conse- 

 quence of human ignorance aud imperfectiou. 

 This statement has a wide application. 

 In politics, if the Curreucy is the topic, there is 

 nothing but Currency — the world's axis turns upon* 

 " hard money" or soft. History reveals that a dd- 

 tion prospered in the use of paper money — "don't 

 you see," says the bank man " the great fact that 

 paper money is the source of national prosperity." 

 The other side huuts up a nation that has pros- 

 pered on hard money— that settles the question the 

 other way. It don't occur to the contestants that 

 the country may have prospered in spile of their 

 favorite panacea, just as tho man got well not- 

 withstanding the doctor. Many a balsam has the 

 credit of curing, simply because it didn't kill. 



Among the myriad influences that modify re- 

 sults, how difficult to assign to each the share 

 which belongs to it. I have a profound regard fc 

 my mother— I think she was right iu saying thu 

 " garden sauce saves bread, and ought to be n 

 tended to." But when my father justified 1i 

 neglect of the garden, by saying that " cucumbei 

 and cabbage are unhealthy." sliemf^ht not to hav 

 shut him up by replying— "tho Dutch eut such 

 are not the Dutch healthy V" The Dutch 

 with her ruddy cheeks, and a bushel 

 potatoes on her head, owes more to her freedom 

 from fashionable hours and fashionable food — to 

 air and exercise, and uncompressed lungs — than tc 

 sour krout nnd boiled cabbage. 



Happily, n spirit of investigation is abroad — il 

 pervades even the domain of agriculture — may U 

 be thorough and mad. One of my ueighbors is 

 particular to sow his onions in the old of tkt moor, 

 in April. He bears down on all opposition to tin 

 "old of the moon," by showing bis onions, irhict 

 are uniformly excellent. Perhaps I 

 milled to add, his ground is excellent, a sondj 

 loam, which has the wash of the barn-yard,) and 

 his cultivation is unsurpassed. 



I was looking at a friend's sheep ; they 

 good blood, well formed, and very fat. I praised 

 them— he was pleased, and said he would tell me 

 .-" be lowered bis voice utmost to a 

 within a half a mile of us,, 

 " I feed a little sulphur in their salt," he said. — 

 Now, I guess sulphur is good— I mean bad — for 

 the ticks, and for cutaneous diseases, i nobody 

 Ought to take medicine in health;, but I could not 

 help observing, that the fatturt wot rtmcrkably 

 fine, and as the sheep were of good age, and had 

 M 



KIRBY'S AMERICAN HAR"ESTER, AS A MOWER. 



We take pleasure in giving an illustration and 



description of this valuable machine, winch is gain- 

 ig wide celebrity. It was extensively used in va- 

 ous parts of the country last season, and so far as 

 e are aware, gave very general satisfaction. The 

 manufacturers allirm that the marked success of 

 machine at the celebrated Syracuse Trial, in 

 , was followed by greater successes at various 

 s last season. At the Indiana Slate Trial, last 

 year, the 1st premium lor (1. unbilled Machine was 

 awarded to Kinav's Americun Harvester, the 

 Judges remarking, in their report, that it was 

 beyond all question the lightest draft machine on 

 exhibition, the actual draft for mowing being only 

 170 lbs. We believe it also received the 1st pre- 

 mium as a Combined Machine ut the Indiana State 

 fair, and as a Reaper at the last New York Slate 

 Fair — and the same rank at many County Fairs 

 and Trials. The above cut represents the American 

 Harvester as a Mower, but we shall hereafter illus- 

 strate the machine as a Reaper. 



The following description of the machine, by the 

 manufacturers, will give- mir renders an idea of its 

 construction and operation : 



" It is made entirely of iron, except seat and 

 pole, and is consequently very durable. The cast- 

 ings are made of Salisbury iron, the linker-bars of 

 ght scrap, and the bolts of the best 

 forged nuts. The finger-bar, 

 luted as to act 



entirely independently, each kd lowing fin- inequali- 

 ties Of the ground, and enabling the n .!..,, i ■• I,, 



g 1 work on hi v i • ii i ■ 1 1 gri'iimi 1 1 ulso pi' run Is 



the cutters to be sit at any desired height, both in 

 mowing nnd reaping,— thus adapting it t.i all kinds 

 of ground and every variety of work. Jty ineanaof 

 a lever the drivi-i can nt jdea-nre elevate either cud 

 or both ends of the Anger-board to puss over ob- 

 structions, carry his swath, or mow- from lield to 

 field, By another lever he can throw Ihe cutters 

 out aud in gear while the machine is in motion. — 

 The driver's seal is so pivoted over the driving- 

 wheel as to take nil pressure off tho horses* necks 

 and throw the weight upon the wheel. The dri- 

 ver's position is both easy and convenient, being 

 back of the culler-bar where he can keep the work- 

 ing of the machine constantly under his eye, and 



.ntrol i 



, by n 



!0 fthe lOTI 



Mil, III hi, 



wi-ll adapted to laying o 



than sulphur 



A farmer tries plaster, ashes, guano, or some 

 other well known fertilizer, and pronounces it a 

 humbug ; another tries it with very gratifying re- 

 sults. What makes the difference? Perhaps one 

 el season, and the other in a dry one- 

 one on clay, and the other on sand— one early and 

 the other late — one on corn, and the other on 

 wheat — one with the right quantity, aud the other 

 with the wrong. Gentlemen, you should noticeall 

 the qualifying circumstances, ond in every experi- 

 ment strive to ascertain the real causes of the re- 

 sults obtained. 



One man is in love with a particular breed of 

 cattle, sheep, or hogs; another condemns it en- 

 tirely. Their opiuous are not to be accepted with- 

 out their reasons. One markets early, and of 

 course requires what will mature early. One feeds 

 hi'jh, and will be suited wilh AiyA bred animals, 

 another deems it essential that an animal should 

 hear jprtf/well. So of variety of grains, fruits, 

 and vegetables ;— each has its place, and there are- 

 circumstances in which it will do belter than any 

 other, and perhaps uses, which it will subserve 

 better than any other. 



Afcrot— Be careful that your fads are not infer- 

 ences, and wrong ones at that. Be " reful lbal 

 yon trace results to their true sources, effects to 

 their real causes. Be observing and inquiring 



Hfe roLTDRisrs are referred to on article entitled 



WHEAT GROWING, -THE MLTJGE. Ac. 



Ens. Rt 



-We 



reach,— while the gentle motion of his scat relieves 

 him of the weariness of constantly sitting in one 

 position. The driving head acts as a balance- 

 „ |, ,.,-!, il,,,,. ;mav u lib tin: iw: ' .it_i nf constantly 

 renewing boxes, and enables tin- operator lo change 

 the length of stroke— giving faster or slower mo- 

 tion as is desirable for different kind* of work. All 

 parts of the machine are simple and durable, and it 

 works perfectly, both in mowing and reaping.— 

 Mannfuctured by the Buffalo Agricultural Machine 

 Works, Buffalo, N. Y., nnd It M .1 1 I 



Auburn, N. Y." 







question occasionally agitated in the l;. ■ " :l 

 not ouly involves a deep interest to the farmers of 

 the Middle, but of the Wesleru Btfttflf, OSpoeWfc|| 

 in the wheat growing sections. The earliest and 

 hardiest varieties'shmild be procured 

 arc satisfied bv experience that we bare thOM 



kinds, the questmn arises how are ahull get nd 



of that pest, the midge, It bos I 



(we think in the Hi iml.) whether slaked lime would 

 not have a beneficial effect, if sown broadcast on 

 the fields when wheat is In the right state for the 

 midee This we think mighl pi*T« bsnefl. lal.but 



th. idea i.«w ..««■ WUr «"W 



perienced, respond through the lint u.!' — staling 

 whether il will l "-'"" ll '" cro P if ,own °" when the 

 grain is damp "f wet, and the quantity or lime per 

 (l ,, I( . , w, liuve a beautiful field of wheat that we 

 would like to try the experiment upn, 

 injure the crop, and then report tin 

 though we have escaped the midge, i 

 season, wlilst others near us met with min , failure, 



wo don't say we farm any better tl 



burs, but we think there is something 

 as well as in the kind of set 



We have a variety of Winter irhi 

 COnaidei bette.1 than any kind we ban 

 grown. We obtained It of a farmer to Behurlei 

 county, this Stale, who called 

 In 1S57 we sowed it the 7th of Septe 

 harvested the 10 Ih of Jul] last; bo I 

 rule we think it will mature about the tfth of July 

 in this section. We would It 

 tween the 25th of August and the -il, ol ■■ pttffi- 



:-£3^-T 



