itP&IL 23. 



MdOKE'S B.UEAL HEW-YdRKBK. 



:i 



THE AP1AEIAK8 IS COHVEKTION. 

 K of the friend* of i 



1 

 February, 



l bold D 



, ~u, .1 



'. fL ,i.I from the following 



and others — 

 fZ&WuMB>~«" * lected Ch * ir - 

 mm, and J. A. Gillttt, Secretary. 

 Communicati 



Milo wlr.tos.of Ami'7. *■">*• 



C. A-Howk, of Homer, S. V. 



I I .....fNiagaraOo.. N. Y 



„f si. Johnsville, N. 1. 



M Qcimt in ooeof bisprioted articles proposi 

 that os soon « there is no further prospect i 

 pleasant weather, in which the bees will flj out of 

 their hives again for the season, the hives should 

 be removed to a dry, dark, warm, and close room, 

 fflto which too much air must not be admitted, as 

 a very little will be sufficient, and there placed in 

 imch a manner that the hive will be reversed from 

 it* noturol position, that is, Blanding on the top, 

 luring the bottom of thehivo uppermost, and nn- 

 |H'.it"( inl by the bottom board, to i 

 pofltfon till the warm weather of 



in reply to Hie communication, stated 

 in bebltrol tbebCH, thai at) All-wise Creator had 

 , adowed tha bi b ■■■■ [in i erl tin hutinafs which di- 

 ,. . .. .1 tbl [| operations. He has taught them in 

 the pleasant weather of summer, to provide food 



■ I'dll'jwinp 





[,., themselves during f 





.,,M (',.! 





j Being has also taught them to 

 deposit their honey al the top of their hives, and 

 the bread and brood comb at the bottom. Conse- 

 quenllv we find that during the winter, in a 

 hive that stands in its usual position, the bees, 

 after the cold wealhcr sets in, collect in the upper 

 part of the hive, where thoy havo previously pro- 

 vided and placed their food, and during the winter 

 nil tin' shippings which thoy make, together with 

 the bodies of their dead, and all other substances 



hive, so thai in the spring they will be prepared to 

 have their houses swept and garnished. 



The gentleman from St. Johnsvillc has done the 

 subject of bee culture serious injustice by publish- 

 ing so extensively bis theories, advising all to treat 

 their boM in so unfeeling and shameful a manner. 

 To take them from the light of the sun, and con- 

 sign th em to a dark cell for six months or more of 

 each year, perverting the laws of Gon, which he 

 boa in bJfl goodness made for them — inverting 

 tin: -ir dwelling place, compelling them to go down- 

 wards for llicir Corn] instead owning upwards, thus 

 thwarting the laws which God has given them,— 

 compelling them to drop Ihe chippiugs of their 

 comb ami tbo dead bodies of their companions, to 

 fall into thai which in its natural position would bo 

 the top of the hive, among the honey. These chip- 

 l,ni- , by dampness ure thus, soon caused to mould 

 and sour, and with (lie dead bodies of the bees, to 

 send up the effluvia which the bees are hardly able 

 to endure, being confined contrary to the laws of 

 heal Hi mid the wisdom of fion. Afler having been 

 DOaftnod (br I few months their distress becomes 

 intolerable. At the least ray of light with suffi- 

 cient warmth, the leaching* of ualurc induce them 

 to rush to the top of the hive, and not having suffi- 

 cient light to leave the hive, are compelled, in 

 order to lind relief, to besmear themselves and 

 comb, rendering llieii babitiilion mure filthy than 

 the hold of a .slave ship filled with victims from the 

 coast of Africa. Far better for them had they 

 supplied themselves with a natural home, even OS 

 far north as where Ihe mercury congeals in the 

 b Into, Cbt under thosn oirgumatanoea eron, oasei 

 are on record where they have been known to 

 pro spur, 



C. C. Wilsos, of Niagara Co., N. V,, has pub- 

 lished a communication, on the subject of moisture 

 and frost which ho discovers during the cold 

 weather in his hives, and asks "what is to be 

 doner"— and iu order to remedy this supposed 

 difficulty, he proposes to bore holes in the top of 

 the hive, that an equilibrium may become estab- 

 lr-.li, ,l l.rtiiii-n the atmosphere and the air in the 

 hive, thereby dispelling cither moisture or frost. 



To these propositions from Mr. Wilson, Mr. 

 Kiuni replies:— Gon is the teacher of the bee, and 

 His wisdom cannot err. He has taught the bees, 

 on the approach of winter, tn close every opening 

 in (hen- love, except one al the bottom for ingress 

 and egress. Why is llvis? In order that the heal 

 generated bj tbo natural warmth of their bodies 

 should not escape but should remain in the tipper 

 part of the hue, to furnish them with warmth 

 ■uffloleni [brtbjUooaiforl and convenience, Bui 

 by boring holes near the top of the hive, this de- 

 lign of the Create] >> trnatratod The warm air 

 bj IbUghtOMI rfaM Ul the top of the hive, and 

 escaping through the holes, leaves the interior of 

 the hue nearly n , cold us the eternal air, and thus 



1 ■■■ ' '" - '> of imm deprives the bees in a great 



Measure el that gi m.i I warmth which the wisdom 

 "' then- Maker had provided, for them. 



Mi . \\ -,, M1S speaks of the frost accumulating in 



le hive. This, as he correctly observes, is the 

 ftosen Tapor arising from their' bodies, and from 



"!***£* during the winter, a supply of 

 r occasioned by bor- 



lated by raising it one-fourth or an inch from the 

 bottom board, and that holes be bored in tbe top, 

 and a bos placed above to receive tbe moisture. — 

 But while the Gon of Nature bos taught the bee to 

 close up all holes, except thesmall jilace of ingress 

 and egress, in order that ihe requisite warmth and 

 ure may remain in the hive, do we not thwart 

 both these purposes by raising the hive up and 

 Opening the boles in the top? Of what use to tbe 

 bee will be tbe warmth generated in the hive, or the 

 ure there collected, to relieve its thirst, when 

 both warmth and moisture have passed into the 

 box above. 



The Author of Nature has taken good care to de- 

 fend all animals that are intended for cold climates 

 against the severity of tbe winter. To the sheep 

 he bas given a thick fleece of wool — to animals of 

 the 1'olar regions he has given a warm coat of soft 

 fur — to the whale, the seal, and the walrus, an 

 abundant supply of blubber; all orders of 

 creatures, from the greatest to tbe least, ore the 

 objects of His care, and all receive from their kind 



their well being. Many of these Lie has so formed 

 that man can render them subservient to hi! 

 Io our efforts to convert to ourown use, any of the 

 lower ranks of creatures we must first learn, and 

 then obey tbe laws by which the Creator governs 

 and sustains those creatures. If we act in accord- 

 ance with His laws, all will be well. But Gon if 

 unchangeable, and His laws are us unehangeubk 

 us their Author. So far as we go counter to these 





loft 





,n, ju 



so far we inflict misery upon I 



just so far also will our attempts to render them 



subservient to our use prove a failure. 



A communication from Mr. Walton, of Amity, 

 Aroostook Co., Maine, stated that in the spring, 

 after the first winter of his residence in that cold 

 region — a winter during which, in one instance, 

 the mercury in the thermometer was actually fro- 

 zen—he traced some bees to their home in a large 

 hollow pine tree which they had evidently occu- 

 pied for some years. Several hundred pounds of 

 honey were found, and notwithstanding the sevcr- 

 the winters, the bees were numerous, healthy, 

 i the best condition. They had chosen their 

 without the direction of man, and could not 

 have found a better one. The warm, thick walls 

 the hollow pine defended them well from the 

 cold, nnd they neither had, nor did they need any 

 ating boles in the top of their hive. 

 communication from C.A. Howe, of Homer, 

 N. Y., did not differ essentially from those first 



n a review of the various errors committed in 



management of these useful Utile creatures, 



ire reminded of the words ol Holy Writ— "Lo 



have I found, that Thou inadest man upright, 



they have sought out many inventions." 



n motion, it was resolved that a copy of the 



proceedings be forwarded to the Rural New- 



foitKKR, for publication, and that the Convention 



■land adjourned " am* die." 



iffjlpefiil Olio 



W&Wi Efts fisi 



WHO INVESTS IN THE U. S. FUNDS 1 



IlABI'l 



■ Wi 





JDg holM 



u litrgo portion of tl,i 

 tbe bece ol nnotber ■ 

 kind Ctwtor b.,1 ,„1,.„, W t„, ,u ~," No 

 l«op,.g« of Mr. W,L. ? H,.., hal , M , bc ^ e ,, 

 itlboj, 



,:■'■. [j ,T, , ,,, B0 \ | ,. . 



Of the kind from tho north and West wind """■ 

 let them also front the south-east, l ,.,,,...' ',?„ 

 hives through tin p. ,m. | 



lung straw and stand it up all around ihe hi' 



bind it around the bottom and bind tha endaoroi 



■ ilng a thitofa of Btmn I . 



luring only a small open 



P*M»gi. of the bees at the bottom of tbe hive, aj 



thu opening you must be particularly careful 



'iug tbe winter, and (ben there W 



tenp,r but that they will stand the cold of 



M ^'<'T l>( Ihe hive, 



md thus deprives 



Take 



■ 

 Mr. Qo, 



Sub-Treasury it 



general reader: 



that of the clerk who pay* the interest on the pub- 

 debt. The coupons and interest on about 

 sn-eigbtha of the debt of the United States are 

 i out of tbe sub-treasury in New York. The 

 mee is in the shape of 





These books are a cur 

 unes which they eontt 

 Soaie are the names 



on inscribed debt 

 ; to the parties wl 



! names of the pai 

 it Washington and 



the sub-treasurer. 



i curious study. Many of the 

 :ontain arc household words, 

 of Europeans; others of West 

 sialics. Barely a third of the 

 public debt is held in this country. The bulk of 

 imagine, is held in continental flump..-. 

 not surprised to find the names of John J. 

 Wm. U. Aster, Jacob Little, George Pea- 

 body, and such men, in a list of creditors, of the 

 United Stales ; but liny and their countrymen are 

 The heaviest foreign creditor we 

 noticed is Lord Overstone, (the famous Jones 

 Loyd, ) who bus let this country no less than *35i>,- 

 Spanish lady, Merced de Layseca, is our 

 creditor to the tunc of 8200,000, and a noble friend 

 ,f hers, tbe Count Casa MoutaUoy Castillo, draws 

 is per cent, on $100,000. Several persons con- 

 nected with the royal families of Europe are credi- 

 of ours. The brother of the King of Naples 

 $50,000 some years ago, and instructed his 

 t to invest the dividends, as they accrued, in 

 imesecurily. He now owns over $75,000. His 

 , the daughter of Bomba, is registered as a 

 tor for over $f>O,t>0O. These wise people have 

 been looking out for a rainy day. Another noble 

 of Orleans, has enough 

 to save the Count of 

 Paris from being compelled to follow his grand- 

 ple and keep school; several of the 

 Saxe Coburg Gothas ha\e abo invested in thesume 





s here, to invest a few thousauds in 1 



ie of Soulog; and little Paul Jul: 



-enough to keep him when his vio 



am readily account for tbe appearance 



■ ,,i t ! i , ■ Rothi hild.-i, both L,f London 





: the hive be v 



has a hi He 

 fad,, Que 

 of the DU] 



and Paris ; 



publisher, Panekouke. of Paris, is a creditor of th( 

 ad that tbe dramatic author. 

 vested enough to give him near- 

 year. A careful study of Dc- 

 ■ica appears to have persuaded 



Satil i i, . ,;.. ,. 



THE FALCON. 



Tnn Falcon was a bird much honored iu tr 

 days of chivalry, but in these latter times of ulil 

 tarianism and gunpowder, has been degraded froi 

 its honorable position, nnd made to take its tn 

 place among tbo feathered tribe. He is, in fac 

 only a hawk, — a blood-tbisty, rapacious, unscrupt 

 lous robber, the bated enemy of all the feathere 

 of every old sltot-gui 





i be I 



Kliout the danger of bursting. 



There are a great many branches of the hawk 



family, but like many aristocratic families among 

 i, they have all sunk very low in public estima- 

 , the unenviable characteristics of the tribe 

 lering them unfit associates in a well-ordered 

 peaceful community. Tbe rearing and em- 

 inent of the falcon in tbe sports of the field was 

 ntially an ari.-dnerahc prerogative, and could 



only be maintained in those times when tbe iron 







sof II 



and machines to minister to the wants and 

 caprices of the few. The march of civilization, and 

 iveution of artificial means whereby the fea- 

 1 tribes are made to fall before death-dealing 

 7ms, have rendered the services of the falcon as 

 ;s as they certainly are cruel. Fine ladies do 



rapacious hawk in pursuit of i, poor fugitive song- 

 of the forest, and clap their bands over the 



successful seizure of the pray. 



iilconry is a very old amusement in Europe and 

 k In the middle n^es it was the favorite, sport 



t, it became very prevalent, as a gentle kind of 

 hunting, in which wive-, daughters and lady-loves 

 engage equally with their husbands, fathers 

 ivers. The falcon was trained with the great- 

 ire, taught to pursue the bird, as soon as 

 released from the hand, and return with it to its 

 keeper. The falcon was generally blinded until 

 game appeared in sight, by having the head 

 ered with a leather hood. This hood was 

 joved when the ^mie appeared in siirhi, and the 

 d which was taught to perch upon the wrist was 

 nediiitcly released to commence the chase, while 

 ■spectators looked on in the greatest excitement, 

 cheering tbe falcon by variou- wdl known signals. 

 In the Eas.1, this pastime is slill to some extent, 

 pursued, and the Persians are particularly skilful in 

 training falcons. They hawk afler all kinds of birds, 

 ren after gazelles. Tin ■ fa !..-.. n-, an- tauthl I,.. fas- 



ten themselves on the heads of these creature 

 peck at their eyes, which checks them until the 

 hounds come up to dispatch them. This sport 

 also popular in Palestine. Dr. Thompson, in 1 

 travels, says :— '* The emeers and feudal chiefs 

 the country bunt the partridgo and other birds 

 with the hawk, and keep up, with great prid 

 ancient sport of falconry. The falcons are of two 

 kinds, a large one for woodcock and red-legged 

 partridges, and a smaller for the quail. The Beg 

 at the castle of Tibnin, always keeps several of 

 these large falcons on their perches in his gi 

 reception-hall, where they are tended with 

 uliniftt care. I have been out on the uiounUu 

 see them hunt, and it is a most ezclung bc 

 The emeers sit on their horses, holding the birds 

 on their wrists, and tho woods are filled with their 

 retainers, beating about and shouting, to start up 

 and drive towards them the poor partridges.— 

 When near enough, the falcon is launched from 

 tbe hand, and swoops down upon his victim like 

 an eagle basting to the prey. After he has struck 

 bis quarry, the falcon flies a short distance, and 

 lights on the ground, amid the redoubled shouts 

 of the sportsmen. Tho keeper darts forward, se- 

 cures both, cuts the throat of the partridge, and 

 allows his captor to suck its blood. This is his re- 

 ward. Notwithstanding the exhilaration of the 

 sport, 1 could never endure tbe falcon himself. 

 There is something almost sutauic in his eye, and 

 in the ferocity with which ho drinks the warm life- 

 blood of his innocent victim. I once saw some 

 men of Tortosa catching the Syrian quail with a 

 small hawk. This was done on foot, each sports- 

 man carrying his bird on the right wrist, and beat- 

 ing the bushes with a stick held in his left hand. 

 These quails are less than the American ; are 

 migratory, coming herein early spring, and passing 

 on to tbe uorth. They hide under the bushes, and 

 will not rise on the wing unless forced to do so by 

 a dog, or by the hunter himself. I was surprised 

 to see how quickly and surely the liitle hawk seized 

 his game. His reward, also, was merely the blood 

 of the bird. I do not know whether or not the 

 Jews io ancient days were acquainted with fal- 

 conry, but David coin ], la ins thai Haul hunted for his 

 blood as one doth hunt for -a partridge in the 

 mountains; and this hunting of the same bird on 

 these mountains, and giving their blood to the 

 hawk, reminds one of the snd complaint of the 

 persecuted sou of Jesse." 



Monsieur de Tocqucvilh* lo lodge some of his sav- 

 n the hands of our government; and Lord 

 Macaulay, who began with a bagatelle, of some 

 ,0(.id, lias since increased his venture to nearly 

 0,000. But wc should never end if we attempt 

 enumerate all the people who think their money 

 well placed in United States securities. Here 

 arc Lord Dundonabte, the great sailor, who has a 

 large sum for a son of Neptune; the Prince de 

 Beauvean, the Count de Narbonue, Sir John Balyey, 

 tbe Marquis of Champagne, lfaring Brothers, 

 Count de Beaumont, Gen. Kermoloff, and a host of 

 other titled people, who, perhaps, depend on the 

 honesty and solvency of the Uuited States govern- 

 ment for a living. Lord Elgin saw enough of us 

 to leave $17,600 of his savings in our sis per cent.; 

 and the famous Russian, \lexandre Her/en, has a 

 bagatelle of $80,000 in the saino security. There 

 is another creditor whose name is a curiosity. It 

 runs thus: Baron Louis Noma F.puminondas Jus- 

 tinian Artstides Decius Salis Ilaldeusleiu Lichlcn- 

 stein Grotenslein. Fancy a man with such a name 

 drawing twenty-si\ dollars and fifty cents from the 

 United States. 



WHAT PEOPLE EAT. 



This, i- the heading of an article in the Indiana 

 American, We copy it below : 



"I suppose, you have heard that 'Jack Sprat 

 could eat no fat; his wife could eat no lean." — 

 Come along with me, and let us take dinner to-day 

 in one nation, to-morrow iu another, until we go 

 all over the world, and we will find that there are 

 worse people than Jack Sprat and bis wife, so far 



■■■ i ...!■:■ :■;■. : l ■ i-l , !•!,'■ 



We take dinner to-day with the Frenchman, and 

 find prepared for our entertainment a piping dish 

 of fried frogs. You must not look disgusted at 

 your dinner, for frogs ore as nice an animal in their 

 habits as many things we eat at heme. Another 

 day we sit at meat with Ihe Chinaman. Here we 

 have the most refined cookery tbe world knows. 

 Shark's fins are before you. Soups made of birds 

 nests, invite the appetite with relishes of salted 

 fishing worma, grubs, moths, etc. If you are not 



satisfied with these delicacies, you will find conve- 

 nient a cut of roast dog, cat or rat. Do you not 

 still bediflgnBted, for none of these look worse than 

 the slimy lump of inert mutter, called oyster, which, 

 should you offer it to a Chinaman, would bc re- 

 jected as unfit for food. 



Th? Romans feasted on garmum, which is a 

 pickle made of fishes' blood and gills, while they 

 were forbidden by law to eat poultry. 



Look at the Esquimaux family at supper, and 

 perhaps you, and I too, would be disgusted at 

 the manner of sopping their bread in whale's oil, 

 which is our stinking tanner's oil; and the little 

 oil eater would be equally disgusted with you if he 

 saw you eating sugar. 



The South American hunter, wishing lo give us 

 the best entertainment in his power, provides for 

 us a roast monkey, uinl in astonished that we can- 

 not relish the feast with him. 



In Central America, the greatest delicacy i3 

 cooked monkey nod boiled water lizards. I have 

 myself seen the Gautenialean shoot the lizard as it 

 lay upon the bush overhanging the water, and as 

 the victim fell and sank in the water he would dive 

 for it, and bring it up as it entwined itself about 

 his arm in its dying agonies. With this boiled in 

 a pot of plantain, he hud a most delicious feast. 



We, too, eat many things that are not eaten by 

 others. The hog is regarded as unfit for food by 

 the Jews." 



, the v 



i life 



fettered. It carries with it always the heavy 

 of habit. The politics of the father; the pontics 

 of the son ; the religious character of the house- 

 hold is tbe seed of many more households of like 

 faith. It is a strong and admirable mind indeed, 

 which, nursed in error, bas the courage and hero- 

 ism to begin its own emancipation. It requires 

 more courage to think differently from the multi- 

 tude than it docs to fight them. The first hero, 

 therefore, was not be who made the first conquest, 



■red i 



"HOE OTJT YOUR BOW. 

 Dbxr BirnALi-Jncanaod p i 0ttS0 fin<! 



a few I in 

 ten tho 





which I v 



sands of readers persue, if you think"! 



"ie Yon* Ron*u8T. If you ever 

 a boy, in the long hot davs of 

 h..w to apprecinc llic fi ret ; erse _ 



A FRIEM. im, Sh r^ciilhtii 



ut the good man shouted ii 



COUNTRY AND CITY BOYS. 



Messus. Ens ; -In the last number of tho Rdral, 

 under the heading winch 1 luive chosen for this 

 article, "Unas" describes, and very justly lashes, 

 " a loafish class of boys" to be found in every city, 

 and to some extent also in every country village. I 

 have nothing to say in defence of the conduct 

 spoken of— on the contrary, I am glad to see tho 

 perpetrators shown up, and I hope many of them 

 will look at their own portraits as drawn by Unas, 

 until they arc heai lily ashamed of themselves, and 

 resolve upon a thorough reformation. The boy, it 

 has been said, is "the father of the man." and if 

 the boy is vulgar, rowdyish and dishonest, what 

 will the man be! Boys are traveling on tho road 

 to manhood, but they arc going in very different 

 directions, and in consequence will arrive at very 

 different ends, unless some of them consider, stop 

 and turn from tbeir evil ways, — unless, iu the 

 language of Scripture, they " cease to do evil and 

 learn to do well." Some are going as fast as time 

 acir own evil conduct enn take them, to the 

 Jail and State Prison, — others with less disposition 

 to evil, but lazy and careless, are very likely to find 

 a home in the Poor-House, — still others, joviol, 

 fond of fun and frolieksorno company, and learning 

 to tipple, are marching in a direct line to the drunk- 

 ard's grave. A few, alas, loo few, are studious, 

 active, honest, respected ami hived by all who know 





e the 



noblest work of C 



mm They are trav- 

 eling in the high road to honor — they will make 

 respectable, useful men. in whose prosperity and 



advancement nil g I people will delight. 



But " Uhbs" seems to wish us to think that bad 

 boys are confined to cities. Should he live in a 

 city, or visit one on the 4th of July, or on any holi- 

 day, be would be very quickly undeceived. Ho 

 then find the most noisy and ill-bred young 

 those who made the most noise nnd drank 

 the most poison — would be from the country. At 

 he same time I have no doubt many of the "loaf- 

 ih class" of city boys might be found at the 

 ountry taverns. When persons, (boys or men,) 

 o things that I bey are ashumad of, they like to get 



There are mean boys both in the country and in 

 lie city. Cannot something be done to show Ihem 

 be folly of their course, and induce them to walk 

 i "wisdom's ways*" City Bor. 



THE TWO FOOLS. 



Wur.N quite a small boy, like most other youths, 

 I had a great inclination to attend all the shows, 

 negro-dances, co 



along. On 





uch i 





listing tho 



crowd by his grotesque appearance and witty suy- 



i. After a while he said something the crowd 



not consider very " funny," and at which no 



laughed, when a drunken man, no longer able 



to hold his tongue, cried out, " You're o fool. 



"True," responded the clown 



[he only difference between ui 



money, and you are a fool for nothing. 



Now whenever I sec large placards stuck up, 

 aunounciug the arrival of a "strange animal," 

 "unrivaled circus," "a wonder lid ,iii/.e i,,,n, ,i,-., 

 I invariably think' of the say ing of the- clown, " I 

 am a fool for money, and J""" arc «■ fool for no- 

 thing," and slay away. There is generally but one 

 clown, but a great many of the others. 



When I aec articled '" '"'- paper., "splendid 

 tterv seheiie-s," '- -i.\'v tin, u. and dullar prizes," 

 ereat inducements to buy," " almost certain ot a 

 ^e"etc. ' ,jl1 " 1 ' "' l '"* clown's "two fools," 



,| |'.,„ r, ,■■■■ l"if ...ml hut one -.-IK, and excuse 



,'<e!l' from trying a ticket. "One is a fool for 



a I.....I for 



.. en I pas 



.sparkling v 



lendid saliiun. with decai 

 md brandies set around u 

 ■r, with smiling clerks i 



Ihe 



around the counter, 



r> think " there 

 he deluded wretches 



" these are fools for 



going 



, that if I take 1 



will he iimiihei !,,,,! ..i the u 



i Sg 8 ^^ 



