%£&&& "~<^~- 



m 



DOLLARS A VK.VJR.l 



'PROGRESS .AJNTD I^^PI^OA"l ; :^rE , ^^^.• 



[SINGLE NO. P-OTJR CENTS. 



YOL X. NO. 18. [ 



ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR TEE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, APRIL 30, 1859. 



(WHOLE NO. 486. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEff-YORKER, 



CONOUCTED BY D, D. T. MOORE, 

 With as Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 



r WO, (OT Thirty for «7.5< 



OATS -VARIETIES, &c. 



. . ■.-., re .... : i.. i ii i 



■ ■■iinnled in Great Uif! 



oi theii true 

 ■ rol.wehavc nodoubl with other and 



bodlj "I, -.iii up i ii I,, i ■nimi difficult i" ob- 

 tain inj rnrli ej pure, Tbe {bland Oat, a few 

 ■ vol n short, plump grain, weighing 



fortj | ids mid ovci to iliv l.u-hcl. We have 



ooii i" i is throe lunplcs obttim I ■ 



lots offered foi laic as U . an I 



;■ ml I.I.n ) . v. lull' but few slum tin plnnipnc-S Uiili 



fbrmwljobonfitoriiedthKtn v Thirty pound* 



would bo .'i i as iinn ii as either of 



ill would weigh. The opinion is quite 

 general that the. best ■ i ■ 

 rate hi this count}-, su that in u few years they will 



be ii" i" ttei tba ii- i offlmon white out, bui 



whither il.i-i (l.-jjeiuTin-i is nol in |. 



■ ;i "'<\ unsuitable mhI, mid the Mid mix- 

 ture of seed, is a question well worthy of thought. 



■ iti i the English cli- 



..■ the | .in. i n ofthe Northern i ou I I I 



'" I'lnnt ii .i ii ■ hi that plant 



.. '■!, , it tin.- Bngliah termor 

 ■■ I ■■ ton ■ ■ ■ i ice that one va- 

 in. an ii-K ■■!. >\ ii oi) u ligbt soil, 

 . ... Ii ii situation 



irt will nn.ih fail if town late, while 



- 



," . 1-lllJLl |_% ,1,|„|,I,-,| 



luxuriating m tbnl ,,, which others 



ii uaynot wewn .rwidc extended 



■..i raricd climate and di\ 



tivcucss Of * i 



■ 

 Foraomo time we have been in pursuit of knowl- 

 ii ihii country, 



,r: ' "' * Blue i" the i u in ■■!-. and II is principally 



I ag facts thai 



Will d 





give i 



to our roi 



■ 

 PutatoOal receivi i Uti 



., the bushel. It is valuable 

 wing on moist soils where lie crop is opt to 

 be laid, as the straw is of great stiffness. It is 

 lato oat. 



■ ' :i!s iginuted in Scotland about 



830. When well grown it hoa a large spreading 

 I- of a brownish tinge, having a red 

 pot on the breast, by winch it is easily known. — 

 'be straw is remarkably long. It does not shed 

 i- seed in high wnnls mid harvesting, like the Po- 



at it, but when laid it goes flat on the grouud, 



md iviim this is the cue much in lost by shedding. 

 To remedy this defect it is sometimes sown with 



i some other strong-strawed variety. 



..I from this fuel, and that 

 s not tiller much, an extra bushel an aere 

 should be sown. It is not adapted to clay, but is 

 valuable on light soils, 



Oat.— This, is not so liable to^bakc 

 it as the Potato oat, is shorter in the straw, which 

 -.1 iirc and makes better fodder. It is 

 .iiitoblc for good land in high condition. On 

 poor soils il j;ruiv3 will n at il the time of earing, 

 apt to thin out afterwards ami give but a 

 poor owp. It degenerates very rapidly if sowu 

 succession of years on the same farm. A 

 change of seed is absolutely Qeceauary. 



I -This Is ii now variety not fairly 

 tested, early, and appears to be very productive, us 

 loo bushels have been raised to the acre. 

 ..■'.. i i.ti. There are two varieties of this oat, 

 the English and Scotch. The JingUah iaagood 

 sort for oil descriptions of rich soil. It stands 

 \m-II, ripens equally, and is ptoblic. The Stgtc/i is 



better for light soils, not easily shaken DOT, I 



lh» straw is of excellent quality. We rather think 

 ■■•■ seen in this country 

 called the Ilarky oat. 



Oat i- a bardy, early and prolific 



mil, well adapted for high and inferior soils. 



Dj/och or Dwidaon't Out*— Early, hardy, very 

 proline, in' rather apt to shed its .seeds when ripe, 

 and should bo cut raw. Best adapted to soft, fria- 

 ble soils iu 1 



having a long straw and producing a Inrge return 

 upon ricli eluy soils to which it i 3 particularly 

 adupted. It has, in a great measure superceded the 

 Potato mid Sandie varieties on sueli soils 



'. — Very hardy, nnd early, With 

 plenty of straw, but grain somewhat inferior, but 

 sonic districts producing excellent crops. 



ty or Walherton Oat. — long, talllsfa 



but tough si raw , well -formed, bright colored grain 



witb thickisli husk; the young plants tiller well. 



prolific, but not heavy in the bushel, and be- 



a free grower is well adapted for poor, and 



The above are all early varieties, and white, cx- 



pt the Mack Tartarian. Morton- says, "the 



best of the early sorts for general cultivation are 



the Potato, Sandie, Flemish, two varieties of 



Berlie.Hopetoun, curly Angus, Sherriff, old Poland, 



Barbachlaw, and Kildrurcmy. The order of their 



comparative merits will vary of course, according 



o differences in I he soil and climate. The I'oluto, 



English Iterlie, IliipeUmn, early Angus, and Sher- 



f oats, are best adapted for easy alluvial loams 



good order; the Flemish and Sandie for clay 



soils, and the Scotch Iterlie, old Poland or Tarn 



Fiulay, Barbachlaw, and Kildruinmy, for inferior 



and late soils." 



In another number we will give descriptions of 



ie most noted of the late varieties We cannot, 



eiiiii-i', -ay lunv valuable tlii-c sorts would prove 



tlii- country, but we do think they are worthy 



i 

 strewed, and yields very abundanti -. , 



liown iu the 

 cugraTing. It is particularly adapted to peaty, 

 ■ 



id, It often produces 100 

 ■ 



i in color is an objection. 

 I that Of white 

 ■ 



anas the oat 

 straw for a valuable supph . 



HOUSE BUILDING.- NO. I. 



i buildings 





J then the 

 .rtmeuis. under the 

 of the fumily. It 

 to determine the 

 s desired first, and 



hilily ui" iittaiiiLii ■ 

 generally be iu exact proportion to the amount of 

 ,ud thought expended in this direction, and 

 to the completeness and perfection of the drawings 

 preporcd. This may seem like stating an axiom, 

 it as simple truths arc so often overlooked or dia- 

 - in did it is well lo repeat them occasionally, lest 

 they should be forgotten entirely. Usually among 



fa go uinuoity tht plan of a bouse is got 



up by the build. • . rather, the pi 



cidesnpun ■'- - .,...-.■ ...I ' . , .. 

 c.il jietite" »ubdi* idi-s It into uparttncut 



direction of the female bea 

 a better way would 

 er, size and style of rot 



arrange them in biiildahle shape afterwards. In 

 this way the principal rooms may be made of such 



intensions as to admit of using carpeting without 



aste and in good proportions. 



In deciding upon the number of rooms do not 

 L '.-t loo niiitiv ; a multiplicity adds complexity and 

 perplexity more often than it does convenience. — 

 '.-. of rooms should depend upon the require- 

 i of the family, hut they .should always be of 

 such shape that either in length or width they may 

 be divided by yards or half yards. With paper, 

 pencil and an ordinary rule you can draw out your 

 own plan of arrangement, ll1 "' by making proper 

 allow nun- for outside w alls, the inside partitions 

 and base or mop boards, you will tiud the dimen- 

 sions necessary to carry out your ideas. At this 

 stage, if you arc satisfied that you have planned a 

 larger building than you can put up well for the 

 money you wish to espend upon it, (which will 

 generally be the case,} und your rooms are not over 

 large, reduce the plan by leaving out one or more 

 of the rooms commencing with the parlor, (for you 



have probably got one marked thus bO'plivo,) 



as being most useless of all. If yon are as good 

 as your neighbors you will have hut few visitors 

 too good to set down in your living room and en- 

 joy a farmer's luxuries— apples butternuts mid 

 cider. II is better to build u small house to live in 

 viiwli. Hi .m a large one to lockup forwantof pro- 



pei f tare, or toopen onlj for \ ieitora. A front 



ball and hah, •■ In- more for or 



nament than use in a farm house and usually occu 



.; the bouse a gloomy ap 



penrance at the expense of the living room. 



It is fashionable in man> plaoes to build in i 



square form, but olt hough this affords mm 1 



inside room in proportion 



■ 

 is in ttvoiduij - 



in a house o( > 

 mail be ii u 

 side, tomaki il '■ and for the 



in pitch to be d 



■ 

 ■ 



have been worked (htm, ■ 



■ ■■ 



■ 

 _ 



living room end cook room ; windows on opposfte 

 idea of the dining room, insuring a free circnla> 

 on of air; a kettle set In an arch for heating 

 Mer on washing day, and for other purposes; b 



pantry with not only shelves, but dnnii.-i-., cup- 

 board, i -.; a sink foi iv o ■ dishes, and a dry- 

 in- -In It near the ehimi closet, are all good insti- 



, lions in their way. 



After you hare arranged your place to mi it you. 



on'l do anything else until yon have,) pad you 

 wbh to lay out the stairs, chimneys, doore and 



idows, lei o>m. ui. no he the in -t ■ ■■ 



The length of room occupied by the suA ■ ihould 



\ceed the elevation to be altuined by at least o 

 [unrter, and should he about three feei w i-l'-. '1 

 best place for chimneys is in in-idc 

 each chimney will thus serve for at lean two 



each floor, and much more of the bjeai will be 

 saved thereby They shnuhl lerm iiuite at (he ridge 

 of the Imihh'i'j- il | ■ = > - - i U t ._■ . In locating the doors 

 dows, bear iu mind that the housi 



furiiidii'd, and leave suitable room for such furni- 



ie as imi.-l necessarily be used. 



it idling satisfactorily, von 



e prepared to put your plans in the hands of a 

 draftsman, which it is essential to do, a-, a plan 

 drawn mechanically correct will more than pay for 

 itself in the time it will save in the building. If 

 you have any desire to have your house erected 



to taste, employ bh artist rather than a mechanic 



get up your drawings, for to him the peiiiliati- 



is of your arrangement, ond the ii 

 openings, will he no stumbling block. And here a 

 wind of caution rs Mcessiiry, ]l "'" ,1 employ an 



list do not dictate to him, but leave all mutter* 

 style, finish ami ornamenl to his taste and jndg- 



ent. The old saw that "two head 



e to a cose of this bind, 



Before yon are ready to commence your founda- 



,n walls, if our friend Mooae will ollow, that 



branch of the subject shall be treated of in another 



re has provided for the rest, etc. 'I' 

 i we intend no especial compliment,) tells us 

 drive the plow us near to t he geographical cen- 

 f the sphere as all our team and : i 

 Dor's combined will propel i' , that Nature has only 



■iifiJplclcdlimr iv.nl., 

 disadvantage; that our laud must be underdiomed 

 deep, and four rods apart, at au expense 



. iv, nms! nol BtOp tO count I lie COSt, — it 



must be done at all hazards ; that the roots of the 

 plont must have a chance to push downward 

 elements, and m lime oi 



'I. ; il.." il ■ ■■■■,. ii i- •■; ;,,- . ., ,i 



I., Il II], .11 .! I-i.mi -l.l m- 



" heat and cold, I tc. 

 Again I a-k, what shall wo do '! I will tell you, 

 my Ii lend- , wliut v.c will do, We will think, talk, 

 read and write, ml llns .subject; but above all 

 tbings, we will tsjuriirunt. llere is our principal 

 reliance. We have seeu (but the doctors cannot 

 assist us, because their prescriptions are at vari- 

 ance. We mu.sl depend on ourselves. "(Jon helps 

 those who help themselves," and now is a good 

 time to commence. "Is d**p or iAaliou plowing 

 best for corn on my soil V" This is the query, ond 

 we will answer it by driving lour linings tight 

 through our eoi n-lichl, as deep as all (he force we 



will draw the plow— four turn 

 low, and four furrows half way between. We will 

 plant a row of corn ou each of these diffi 



ie kind of corn — same ticatmeul — then 

 watch the result. Then, if not satisfied, we will try 

 G. M. RsxNOLoa. 

 Shiawassee Co.. Ul 



A china closet between the 



SHALL WE PLOW DEEP 0E SHALLOW 1 



Ens Itc-ruL :— We all look with deep interest on 

 whatever pertains to our most important farm 

 operation, viz., plowing. To he right in this re- 

 ,is to lay at least the foundation for success, 

 in error here, is to commit a radical mistake. 

 which no after cultiuecan fully retrieve. Shall we 

 deep, i. e., from 10 to 14 inches, or shallow, 

 Vom T) to T ? A. is an experienced, practical 

 cultivator, and tells us to plow deep; B. is equally 

 reliable, and tells us to plow shallow. Now, "when 

 doctors disagree, who shall decide?" Why, evi- 

 dently, each for himself. 

 But, first, why do the doctors disagree? There 

 o several reasons. Due is. they are differently 

 mstituted. Some, possessing tremendous physi- 

 cal and mental strength and energy, feel like rip- 

 ping up the earth to the very center, and they 

 never saw a team nor a plow itnng enough to fillly 

 satisfy their ambition. Then, others are constitu- 

 tionally tender and effeminate. Such shrink from 

 the lii^k. They do not like to incur the necessary 

 expenditure of strength ami capital. Another rea- 

 son is, these doctors of Agriculture have been 

 differently educaled— some on the Homeopathic, 

 some on the Allopathic, and some on the Hydro- 

 pathic principle. Now, when called lo decide iu a 

 given case, each, of course, will view it from his 

 particular stand-point, and bis decision must nec- 

 essarily smack of bis educational predilections.— 

 Then, there is the force of habit. One's Fathi I did 

 thus, and was successful, therefore, it is right; or, 

 auother's grandsi re performed in the opposite man- 

 ner and succeeded, therefore f/c'« i> right- and as 

 their predecessors did thus aud so, and as they, 

 thus far, have followed in their example, therefore 

 their practice is doubly strengthened. They make 

 no allowance for <liib-ict.ee ■>! circum-Uuc- Smb 

 is the force of habit, or custom, Then, others do 

 not considerthe greutdifferenceof -oil 

 A depth of plowing that is commendable aud sue- 

 oessfoj on one kind of soil and in on I i Innate, 

 might be wbollj unsucoi isful, or injurious, or in- 

 efficient, on an entirely different soil, thousands of 

 miles from lb 



noble science 



■ 



, ,.r plowing. 



.: ■ ...I' 



moist and coal; 



- or face water, 

 i off, and that 



VAKIETY OF CROPS. 



r we rely on one kind of productionj and the sco- 

 rn proves bad for it, we are "up Sail River j" bSH 

 iih a varietv of crops we nuist Lit right with some 

 f lb. in, let the season be wHat it may. Besides, a 



to overflowing. Little things are often overlooked, 

 but it is many minute atoms tb.it form flic mighty 

 aggregate. This variety is the spice of I be t'aiiuet's 

 life. 



We will here mention a list of articles which 

 every large or small farmer may raise nml sell to 

 profit. Wheat, rye. hurley, oats, buckwheat, corn, 

 broom-Corn, millet, beans, peas, liny, -Ii '«", e.. r n- 

 fodder, horses, hens, geese, turkeys, ducks, beef, 

 pork, and lard, tallow, hides, mutton, wool, but- 

 ter, cheese, milk, flax, flax-seed, potatoes, beets, 

 onions, cabbages, carrots, turnips, CUCtimbei I, [61 

 tuce, pumpkins, squashes, muskmclons, water- 

 melons, tomatoes, peaches, pears, apples, cider, 

 vinegar, cnrrnnls, grapes, raspberries, struwher- 

 ries, quinces, cherries, cranberries, bosket willow, 

 walnuts, chestnuts, bees, honey, wood, maple 

 sugar, 4c., itc, Here, then, we have enumerated 

 sixty or more different articles, which a( the low 

 average estimate of $10 each, will give the hand- 

 Why would it not be a good plan to keep I I If in 



which to register and account our crops'' We 

 might start with the determination to come up lo 

 the above estimate, and as our ability, experience 

 and capital increases, we might double or quadru- 

 ple it, which last would be $40 for each article, or 

 $2,400 in the aggregate. 



This mattter is certainly worth looking into, ii 

 we desire suoocu The Mississippi is a mighty 

 stream, but it derives its magna tud< 

 from the little rills that come pouring into its 

 bosom in the -real volley of tue West It is so of 

 wealth orwisdom, We must multiply the sources, 

 if we would build up a fortune and arc] 



Oamhrldgo Valh'j, M T., I«& «■ K - F - 



SMTTT AffP ITS PR KVJMTlVJi. 



Mr. Moons: I observe that the iubje. 



much ngitiited at (be South and 

 1 i 



rl -l i.i foi old, ami. m this 

 ■ i-.i preventives,— bine I 



. mended. 

 The troublesome disease known n 



■ ■ iduetion, v.. il i Down lo 

 ■ I ■ ■ i 



omit— a parasitical fhngus that propu 

 from the seed I 



the plant Tbi I . ..!-. washing 



■ 

 ■ 



machine, by the ■.Teat frictions! fore 



■ 



■ 



