I 



TWO DOLLARS A «AB4 



" PROGRESS A>TD I>I^ > RO"V^l:l^EE^rT. , 



[SINGLE NO. FOUR CENTS. 



TOL X. NO. 20. } 



ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MAY II, 1859. 



(WHOLE NO. 488. 



UOOttE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



■ 



i be the tbce Early June. The sound, whil 



i **r. riyn.T N«i»Rpiree li 



potato, poorund wiit i' i ■.-. commonly known an J sold 

 June, is, wc have no doubt, the Eng- 

 lish Whit'. Then we hare here several sorts sold 

 Manly, and we find it difficult toti ace 

 nut tln.ir Drijpn, or give them correct nomon, or 

 even to judge of all thi 

 to be unsurpajsw) | early sorts WC now have 



i m tliink we are in a fair way to obtain some light. 

 In Conductor At- c CA ,. KCET e Goonnicrr, of Utico, who has given 

 'ndrr'ilieRirnAi.tn nlorp attention to potato culture than any man in 

 :noort»nt PrutlMt. tu e State, or perhaps in the country, and to whom 

 connected with the | we are indebted for a variety of scedliDgs for trial, 

 23 the foilowrna directions: 



. . . should he but moderately rich, at 



least in an unsteady climate like ours. A sandy 



. I cools too readily. A 



close. A loam soil is beat. A new soil with 



utter in it is good. For this reason, 



.1 nm] well-drained swamps, furnish 



good soil for potatoes. 



SPRING NOTES, 



hup, 



■ ■ 



nm] if 



this view is correct, rind w> brieve ttie experience 

 of most practical men will corroborate its truth, 

 then there need be no question as to what grain 

 crops are best to sow clover upon. 



BRIEF FAEM HINTS. 



lo our principal farming in the 

 ," may be expected to avoid 

 tors into which out-door culti- 

 i fall. Wc never let thistles, 

 :■ noxious weeds, go to seed on 







us greet tbocar 



■ 

 ing«,— notes ol mi 



, ., 1,1..,. 



,r;, weeks, and so does not bear ^succeed. 



fai-i.irul.lt! places for the eultivuliou of potatoes.— 

 bevel ground, or slopes to the west or north arc 

 more favorable than slopes to the east or south. 



! ipe they heat too rapidly after a cold 

 himM, while on a south slope they heat too much 

 nt noon. We err in planting potatoes in the same 

 soil ami position with corn, melons, Ac, unless 



■y the want of one that is cooler. In 

 the :- ..ill" iu St;.! I.- they have learned lo put the 



i to in their coolest soils. But potatoes need a 



u ( -ll-ih wined soil as much as corn. 



■ .'ill, nor plant 

 i ./. The reason is plain. Such seed 

 ives a foeblaplant, which grows too slowly for 



i ■ | I tabic ■ 



planted too Borij ; or it il i ■ 



wlinn ind -.. . iii.I makes hut 



:. until iviilin WCOUlOl 



' . i. rn planted from t 



the B il "i June will ripen as 



"I" I'hint.'.l beforr Hint time, while llie 



nf IUO0OM are muofa greater, No crop 



lii'iirliii-il liv a little ut:, nti 



.' than corn, A little 



l.-ll k ' I, '. ,i- the lint In.iiir-, « ill show- itself all 



.. icason, and toll a profltoble 



l\.| Hns pmp.i-r v. 



■ d manure, and 11 ia all 



; 



in ivlyplanted eoro, and, in addition 



in' uniformity 



: l>V gnpln 



Tbo best iccuiiiv agahut these deprodutoi i 

 we know of. is to I'oal tl„- ■„■■ I i„ i.. ; ,■ ,.l ,, . „ h, 



i ■ . uoni ill in plaatoi ind o hot Tl 



o u t" give the bc< d but 



n thin coating, One way we bovc icon pro ticed, 



oorn mi") a tub of scolding water, lot 



a contain for Ore minatoi, tbeu pour off most of 



■ 11 the tar and stir until BTerj kernel 



i i.'.woi" always 



oddui Utile sulphur, and eMmj great adTantage 



from iU use. Another remedy i& of a benevolent 



nature, and yet like a good many benevolent acts, 



il founded on selfishness. This is to scatter corn 



on the surface of the ground, and, of course, while 



■ grants can he gathered on 



,the birds will not diatwb that which is 



buried In tl,,. loO, Hut, whither such a course 



Will n.it causa au euru number to Congregate for 



Uwej^ojBUBi ofthfl len.t 



■i gfa we know this course is relied on by 



some of our fi l„ ,r seed corn, 



•ft** planttog, and they data that it it successful. 



when Ural announced, was, 



■ 



■ 



■ 



J the fat, 



piaoung 15 ueceesarym .,. 



:! i, I,,.,, l( , 



plant large or small potatoes, cut or uncut in i ill 

 .•subjcetslhcrearvd ,, 



"liable expert- 



■in to tell diff.-rwit storien. 



small potato, if 



id i 



■ml or fall growth, then 



t iking a good deal ol 



i and other questions in potato Ul<,rc ' l aboum 



I 

 . '■, has ,be Found, the 



.'. i, . 



' vu itUod b 



upposed by s 



r tuber a-i eaily as it ou^-ht 

 , ipeclaflj ii'it be a late sort. It is true that where 

 FOUT variety of potatoes ripens quite early, the cut- 

 ling offlOed very small will give Q Diuehhirger crop 

 I..! .1- weight than iu the use of larger seed, but it 

 is mil, in the end, as well for the health of the crop. 

 J'Joir and ;<!ai<t deep, except you are obliged to 

 use a heavy or wet soil. Thus the roots are cooler 

 in hot weather, and chill less in sudden change! 

 They also stand drouth better. Culth-e id li-.L . 

 high hill heats and cools worse than a level oni 



, usually as wide ns. :: by 3, and often 

 more. Thus every bill bus its share of light and 

 mi. The rule should bo to have your ground just 

 covered wheu the vines get their full growth, 

 Plant tarty. Then the vines make a slower and 

 more hardy growth, having less spongy and more 

 woody matter in then), They will thus stand bat! 

 weather better than when rapidly grown. I'm 

 ; ■..!! the tubers get ripe before llir dark 



I weather, which is always felt iu the 

 parallel of Boston and Chicago, and often early in 

 Si|it.i.ili. i\ The weal her that produces early chills 



I us almost always come in the first 

 half of July. Potatoes of tolerable 

 which have been cultivated as above directed, 

 ally escape in this chill. Very tariff sorts should 

 not be sought for the main crop. It iB sufficient 

 that the sorts for winter use should mature with 

 the season. If, however, you wish to cultiv 

 early market or fall feeding, you may force yuur 

 potatoes in a rich soil, and reap a heavy crop, but 

 do not use such for seed. Indeed, potatoes with 

 vigorous constitution maybe cultivated without 

 Immediate harm, in a rich soil, but the tendency 

 will always be to weaken thei: 

 good soil— one adapted to the growth of all ordinary 



■ ' ' 

 especially if they be sorts ripening in good 

 ll youl soil be deficient it may he well to change 

 ,-.■..-. 1 Willi tlmsc \i ho h.n !■ a heller soil." 



Crop to "S.-....1 Down" -wittx. 



. - Sitture, o*c, 



we incidentally remarked that the Oat nop was 



one of the best with which to seed down to clover. 



A correspondent calls our attention to this state- 



many farmers 



find oata bad to seed down with, far inferior to 



.mis made with 



■ iilturo is about 



■ i .u We»tera New York, 

 i "ii grain it must be on 



rop than wheat, But, some persona 

 .. i, thej supposed there was something 



■ I, il" D<A :ifhi 



■ n oflhn nutter is this. Fur 



the good Of the clover it would be 1 - 



thick and alone in the spring. We have sown 



.. 



i:. had thesur- 



■ vered — a beautiful green carpet.— 



grain grows ou the ground, the 



rease the shade, 



r, injurious to the 



the groin 



shade, and the 



Tuosu of us whe 

 editorial "sanctui 

 many disgraceful < 

 valors arc prone 



burdocks, and uth 

 our premises; the boards are not off from our 

 barns, aud unsightly rubbish don't accumulate on 

 our premises— (,tbis may be slightly exaggerated, 

 re will assume it for argument sake); our 

 cattle are not pooily fed, our plowing is not of the 



:ut and cover" k ind, ami our planting is not out 



n \\ ■ :l> i I'm. 1 1 I'm.' Hie men to exhort others 



the performnni B 



Will vou not t lien. At* Sprillf, go into a general 



clearing up about your fences and buildings of 



unsightly anonmulations which have annoyed 



your wife aud daughters so long, and in your more 



isccptible moments brought a veryjlittle color in- 



your own checks? If that old hay rack is worth 

 anything, would it uot pay to carry it away to some 

 shelter'' If it is lit lor wood, suppose you burn it 

 in-doors, and if not, burn it somewhere. Ditto 

 that horse-rake, plow, old sled, old wagon, and 

 cultivator. 



Are you through wilb those plum trees, covered 

 with black knots and dead limbs t — then, for your 

 country's sake, if not for your own, burn them or 

 trv Mr. Dickinson's remedy, i given iu Roiial of 

 April »tb.)j by all moans, r evn mem. 



i j. i ■ --i i w ,< ' t.iini. and if you 



G ice corner a good rail, puti on the 



fence; and if you find stumps, stones, broken rails, 







fence corner be ready for the seylhe ; then you wdl 

 bo able to gather much valuable fodder to store 



Be sure and pick tip nil sticks and stones upon 

 your newly seeded meadows — we will not insult 

 you by supposing thai _\ our old meadows require 

 anything of the kind— then roll them in a wet time, 

 and you will have a good time with your mowing 

 machine. 



If you have omitted to dig about and dung your 

 fruit trees, omit it no longer. Labor ju' 

 expended on fruit trees will meet will 

 reward. 



Be sure of one thing — your care and la 

 increase upon yon as the season advanci 

 to it that your hay rucks, reapers, mowers 

 ut once put in order; otherwise you may 

 them at a serious cost. The riijhl lime for doing 

 any branch of farm work is D h t*f tir 

 are the changes of our seasons i hat a 

 delay may spoil the profits of a large 

 Therefore, Bt ready. 



Look to it that yon are not putting off 

 dispensable business I'or a *' convenient 

 That time is never coming. Most likely you will 



son. tletting a new buggy, a new hat, sonte n 

 hoops for your wife, (there may be some doi 

 here,) will admit of delay— a new house may 

 waited for— but a new fence, a new plow, a n 

 hay rack, if not provided at once, may result 



It may not be too late to turn some rivulet on 

 your pasture or meadow, and bo increase yc 

 grass. Irrigation is a much neglected, but very 

 important operation in farming. Standing water, 

 however beneficial to grass, is destructive of groin. 

 See that there are no ponds on your grain fields. 



See that your manure is either applied to yoi 

 crops or guarded against 

 or exposure to the elemer 



Look to your early sown vegetables, aud keep 

 the ground loose and the weeds under. 



Don't neglect to bunt the cgLis. and "set" the 

 hens in good places, with the right number of eggs. 



Keep your cattle from cold storm.?, and let thorn 

 into the yard on cool nights to eat some hay, by 

 way of change from the ilasby grass, 



Have you a good ruin water cistern, with good 

 troughs and conductors leading into it? That 

 .on. m- the indisputable aa'J inalienable *" rights 



Have you a good drain to conduct the surpli 

 water of the kitchen to the compost heap, which of 

 course is well supplied with the scrapings of the 

 walks, ninek. BOds, fto. Haieymi gathered up the 

 chips from vour winter chopping, the splinters and 

 small sticks, bits of bark, ie., which cumber the 

 ground, and when dry are so useful to start the tire. 

 carefully gathered and put in some 

 dry place above the ground, ready i. 



See that your potatoes arc sprouted and put into 

 a dark, cool, dry place. See that there is no grain 



e from fermentution 



BICKFORD & HTTKFMAN'S GliAIN DRILL. 



DlOXPOIUtA IUtfuan's Premium Irou-Crliu- 

 Grain Drill " is probably the most popular 



niaehine of its cht-s in this country, as it certainly 

 imong the best, and by many pronounced Me 

 it. The proprietors have been engaged in the 

 nufacture of Grain Drills for the past ten years, 

 re made manyimprovemeuts, and claim that the 

 machine now ofiered to the public is the most per- 

 .nd we confess that their 

 iy the testimony of m 



Ipla, 



■ drill. 



and i be Boot that it bos never failed of 



first premium at any of the many State, County 



d Town Fairs where it has been exhibited during 

 the past four yean. 



The accompanying cuts, together with the follow- 

 in l: description by the monnfacture] -t. will convey 



of the relief which any one must appreciate who 

 has sown guano by hand. It is acknowledged by 

 all close observers, that one-half the quantity of 

 guano usually sown broadcast, will suffice when 

 sown with drills, nnd iu the furrow with the grain. 

 "The principle and arrangement of this attach- 

 ment is the result of much careful research, and 

 numerous and costly experiments by us. The 

 great nffinity of guano for moisture, and its sticky 

 nature when moist, renders it extremely difficult 

 to be sown by a machine, and, in fact, all the ma- 

 chines heretofore introduced have failed to dis- 

 tribute guano, except wheu in a perfectly dry 

 state. As shown in the cut, this distributor is 

 simply a verticle shaft, with arms sweeping across 

 the bottom of the hopper, their action is «urh as 

 to liiiisen and render less compact the material to 



, operahui 



an intelligible idea of the coi 

 and eiipaeily of the Drill and 



"This drill will sow any desired quantity per 

 acre, with the utmost precision, (us has been often 

 tested,) from 4 to 16 pecks, by changing the gear 

 wheels, which are marked to designate the number 

 of pecks each will sow. It is also constructed to 

 plant corn or beans in drills, by shutting off the 

 grain from us many drills as desired. We have iu 

 our possession certificates from many practical 

 and scientific planters aud farmers, recommending 



our drill for planting corn, and it is believed to be 

 the only Grain Drill so constructed as to perform 

 this work in a satisfactory manner. It may also 

 be used as a broadcast machine, by simply remov- 

 ing the drill tubes. We are manufacturing three 

 different sizes of Drills, 7, 8 and 9 Tube; the Drill 

 Tubes are placed in two rows, thereby facilitating 

 their passage on stony or lumpy ground. The sin- 

 gle row form, however, is preferred on all lands 

 properly prepared. 



" Th: Guano Attachment, with the late improv- 

 ements, will sow, with the grain, from 50 to 300 

 pounds of guano to the acre. The desired quan- 

 tity may be regulated with accuracy, by u slide 

 and notches. Where set at the lirst notch, it will 

 distribute 50 pounds, and by moving the slide one 

 notch, the quantity delivered will be 75 pounds 

 per acre, and so on, each notch increasing the 



l nds. Here, too, is a great taring 



of expense in the use of the Drill, to say nothing 



be sown, also t 

 into the discharge apertures. The great simplicity, 

 as well as durability of this attachment, together 

 with its certainty of action with guano and other 

 fertilizers, either in a dry or dump slate, render it 

 certainly the most desirable machine yet ofiered to 

 n discerning puhlie. This fixture will nlso dis- 

 tribute lime, plaster or ashes, either ind 

 to4 grai»; or broadcast without the drill tubes. 

 ;.Vet instructions on a printed Card 

 accompany each machine.] 



'■Th; Grots Seed Attachment, can beused without 

 the grain drill or the guano attachment, or with 

 all these in connection, performing in one opera- 

 tion the work of muny men and teams, aud other 

 implements, vis.:— It sows your grain more per- 

 fectly than can be done by hand; it distributes 

 your guano and other fertilizers more perfectly 

 and economically than can bo done by band; ■* 

 your grass and elovt 



■ nly than < 



broadcast 

 the' drills" after the work of sowing ■ 



done by hand, and all with one nun 



Will distribute from two quarts to ( 



to the acre, in the most perfect manner, t 



quickly thrown in a" J "" l of K eitr - or ™ 



entirely from th'' drill when not required." 



It may be pr»l» M M ""' , u "* Drill i 



ufactured 



.-hull bu-.be 



p ■■ Dtee ■ 



1 



Cu,N. V.a 



Miccdon, Wayti 





or other eatables left in by -places, to be consumed 

 by rats and mice. Make vigorous war upon these 

 oncmiea of the human race, before they escape into 



the fields to recruit for next winter's campaign. 

 Put away in a dry, airy place, ph I 



■■■■■'< 

 - v.edges, pins, plow handles, Ac, Ac. 



■ 

 any item of business; and if so, . 



double your diligcm 



right time, you eon 



' 



■■■■ somehow. Be 





o do a thing at the 



■l ailbrdl 



do it at all. 



LEAF MOLD. 



If any country reader of the Rcbal who owns 

 farm has never penetrated the banks of leaves thi 

 Old togg and in sheltered nooks and coi 

 ■'.... 

 indoingso, and 1 a-Mi- ! 

 ho will find buried there will months 

 for the trouble. Brushing aside the 

 leaves that cover the u, ' 



constantly moist, and thus assisting decomposi 

 tion, he comes, first, n r >n 

 dead foliage, always wet from the latest n ' 

 emitting that peculiarly eleini and 



^t£X 



