TWO DOLL AJtS A YICAR-J 



'PROGRBSS AJSTX) IMPROVEMENT." 



[SINGLE NO. FOUR CKNTS. 



YOL X. NO. 21. [ 



ROCHESTER, N. T.-FOR TEE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MAY 21, 1859. 



(WHOLE NO. 489. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



RURAL, LiTBRART AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 

 With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributor* 



WHAT IS- THE USE! 



exclamation i 



il< li . and last neck, while rum 



i llie country ccst of this city, in com- 



■ ill wo become absorbed 



a wakened by what our eyes beheld. 



nionable, fV 



■ qm1 



»Wh«> 



No donl 



poised on in nilcnco. At length tbc silor 

 broken by tin' inquiry of our companion — 



| whatt —you have been asking, • what 

 itbin the Inst fig 



a mini . M)d K I knew what you meant 1 

 would (j i vi; i on the ii' ' i>ssarj information, so as tc 

 stop furlbcr inquiry." 



P«o\tng a little chagrined thut we bad been think 

 iDg uloud all this time, wo explained that ilwa: 

 Onlj ,i habit ivo bad of unconsciously speaking oui 

 thoughts, when very much interested or a litth 



a bub!! 



1 by o 



of making such rambles alone. But wo had 

 plain lliu circumstance* which caused sucl 



bjii (.. trnlon ire did somewhat as follows: 



" ■' ■ ■'■ ' ■' " <■ i'ihI long lino of Osage Orange 

 hedge bock a milo or two. It must have been 



I' 1 -" 1 *''! W ' tnrtO fMT>i long enough almost to 



make u htdga thut WOuld turn any unimal. Il 

 look, as though il bad been well planted; but is 

 no nearer forming a hedge than when Brit 1ST 

 out, although the tail, it might shoots of last year, 

 arc four feet long. Il has not been out batik, and 

 the ba»o ii thin and open, the grass is thickly 



'"'"' "" """■ imdmer il.o loots, and unless 



tttondod to soon, H »,u be rulnod. The plants 

 ■ mst hai o cost somebody a good deal 

 ■■I would have bi^n a first rate invc: 

 in. ni had it been cared for. but now it is likely 

 bo n total loss, besides being a source of vcxati 



■ ■r of wasting money and 



labor in tin | 



You recollect that bay in the field to the left, who 



I ■■ ■ him- ,11 mill the boo, uud who mlI 



' II ''"I uutioiilow thut we could hardly toll 



Whether he belonged to the genus homo or the 



genus tcartcroip. No wonder he was discouraged 



U rien ol Hi. hopeless task assigned him. of break- 



I bated clods of clay. Ho may sue- 



ng a fow of the hnrd-hcads on the 



»er wakes up, but wbat will this 



been set on fire, and the doo 



seating a cheerful aipeet 



weather, looked as Wnck and desolate as a prairie 



after burning in the autumn. What is tbc use ot 



idiDg so much money for the purpose of pro- 



ngagood effect, and having everything aloe, 



then spoiling the whole 



Iliug, up and a few dollai 



spring 



.i woo!.'-' labor 



LINSEED CAKE IN ENGLAND. 



amount of I-iusecd Cnke used in England 

 may be judged somewhat from tbc fact that the 

 official returns show that in 1807 there were im- 

 ported into the United Kingdom 8,800,000 bushels. 

 se of Linseed Cake has increased steadily nnd 

 rapidly for the last twenty years. In 1842 less than 

 million bushoN wore jm] rnted, and in 18&2 

 six millions. Tl.o total v of Linseed 



mod annually ill Great Britain I 

 )ut ten millions of dollars. Too little ntten- 

 I here given to thin most valuable food for 

 stock, or we believe much more would be consumed 

 ie and less sent abroad. Wo remember when 

 ic farmer in a hundred knew it was good for 

 food, and the venerable John Joiinston, of Geneva, 

 as the school -master to many in this respect. 

 But. Linseed Cuke, like every other good thing, 

 us l suffer adulteration, and the English public are 

 becoming aroused on this subject, and are seeking 

 to remedy the evil. The Linseed, as well ns the 

 Cnke, is adulterated, generally with Wild Rape, 

 Mustard, Millet, Ac. A delegation of London deni- 

 es appointed for tin purpose, called upon Iheload- 

 tng Greek bouses, who ore the principal ones 

 concerned In this fraud, to protest against tbo prac- 

 of adulteration. They failed, however, in the 

 object, for the Greeks showed that it was the com- 

 petition among the English dealers and their 

 xiety to obtain cheap seed that caused the evil 

 tnplained of. 



Tbe Americans arc accused of having a band iu 

 this adulteration, and a writer in the Journal "f 

 Bngliih AgrioUaral Sooitiy, says: — "Our 

 brethren across the Atlantic have studied the art 

 of manufacturing Linseed Cnke. What they pro- 

 duce is faultless to the eye. and, if not always per- 

 fection to the taste, it is thin, tender, flaky, and 

 a ready sale in this country at tbe highest 

 market price of the day, the question of genuine- 

 ?ss being left entirely for subsequent detormina- 

 on. Tbe Cake pleases the eye, and is always in 

 pod demand ; and what more is required ? Farm- 

 's huve only themselves to blame iu tUii respect, 

 considerable quantity of Cake is now used for 

 ediog sheep, and for Ibis purpose Cake of a ten- 

 der kind, such as this, is preferred; it is produced 

 by tbc addition of brnu in its manufacture. Thus 

 the farmer bus to pay f 50 it $55 per tun for Cake 

 which pleases the eye in this country, but omits to 

 consider that for this bo has to pay dearly for the 

 admixture of brim, which costs $'2" or Jl!5 per tun, 

 and in the United States probably about half that 

 price." 



We cannot say whether this charge is true or not, 

 but wo do know that much of the seed brought to 

 tbe oil mills in this country, and from which the 

 Cake is made, generally contains much foul seed, 

 and Ibis is not designedly mixed, but is the result 

 of careless culture on the part of our farmers. 



t and applied to the soil, would, with 

 other possible appliances, have kept the human 

 race without famine or short allowances, on one- 

 \ nth if the ana that has been denuded of forests, 

 mpo\ erished, polluted,— in short, "reduced to 

 .•ultivation," In other words — mankind have 

 lone their best to turn the forests to the least ac- 

 count. Intent on exterminating them, they have 

 leitbci inquired whether tbcrewas a real necessity 



whether there was n profitable use to which tbo 

 timber they wero removing could be applied. 



Forests were so prominent a. feature of the earth 



when man took it in charge from its Maker it would 



. as though the inquiry would have been often- 



id more earnestly made, "Would it not coni- 



witli the Divine Arrangements to retain by 



math- and eufur,-<<] /■ivr^'ow, legislative and 



otherwise, n greater portion of the dress with 



which Omnipotence decked His creation?" A 



id who has reared to his memory, many benu- 



monuments, planted and protected by his own 



ts, has submitted to my consideration several 



ons in bchalfof shade trees, as follows: 



single row of shade Irees on the sides of the 



et, in a small village will make every $1,000 of 



real estate worth $1,100 iu five years. A dozen 



maples, horse-chestnuts, elms, with a half 



dozen untrimitii'S evergreens, judiciously arranged 



farm house, will add ?5 per acre to the 



price of a hundred acre farm. A very ordinary 



» be made very respectable by a neat 



stocked with trees. Many cords of fire 



wood may be saved by a grove of evergreens and 



mli'T ... .on the windward side of a house. I 



Mcertained by actual oiperiment that a room 



■haded by a single row of maples was cooler by 17 



legrces in a hot day than another room similarly 



situated except the maples. Iu caseof fires, green 



rcesprotecl bu raging near by 



and also afford great shelter to the firemen. 



It may be late iu the season to transplant trees, 

 though it is early enough for evergreens, but it 

 already planted 



FORESTS AND SHADE TREES. 



e»»f«e, if he 



avoil.dMhv 



" •ftttoUj butthtaWME 



i 

 '""-olbrick. N7.a«i4fA/«*j of plow- 

 It will takevcars 

 oil. 'Clay 



■■■■( nhi-n it i, 



laud should be quit,- dr ? when plowed "and 



lurned « u », to e rr t . c i ; t , 

 I pulverization 6S much ... .. n 

 .,.,..'. . , ,m,CB a * possible. 



The English understand nnd practice Ibii rule and 

 ■I, .y use a clod crushorwith spikes or 

 tedth that penetrate the soil, and break up the 

 clods. I* it not enough to moke one cry out, what 

 »* (A« km, to tec such practices r 

 Again, did you not see that fine farm-house on 

 I 



.vitb good barns and out-house*, h 

 -. several thousand dollars, 



h ihemonev, but its 



■ il] grounds in front. They 

 the rotd, ard wet, and rushes and 



uud. This bad 





think that our Creator arranged some things pretty 

 long ago as when we were quite small.— 

 Touching /orwi trm, it is generally conceded that 

 He made a great mistake in cumbering tbe 

 111 so much useless shrubbery, subjecting 

 necessary labor in "clearing the ground."— 

 Dae an Willing to compromise tbe matter by tol 

 abating nfrw trees, provided always they can be 

 ._. ffcpt out of sight in the rear of the farm. The 

 been plowed. The object oi ,: 'nne, expressed or understood, is, tl 



forests are the enemies of civilization, barriers 

 progress, to be put out of tbe way as soon as pi 

 aible. Cool will do for fires; brick, stone oud 

 buildings and machinery ; what 

 special need ol ■ 



After all, I wonder that some one having a pnt- 



ty good opinion of Divine Providence has not ven 



lured to inquire whether, really, trees " were madt 



I partI Should such in- 



qniry be made it would tnke us bock to the early 



history of the race when men were few and trees 



many. It would be seen that a sparse popu- 



Ution eonld subsist on game and such fruits and 



gftahlcs as hail a spontaneous gn 



ise of population there would arise a nc 



liivnting the ground, but t here 



otfovnd nt,4 f OT a n /Ae timber growing on M« 



' for cvttiration. After buildings. 

 ■ ,|,! '-el...-,,,-, ., Ac., were provided for. 



■aUle, 



, Ac, 





.in in the forest or nursery, 

 ■ considerations certainly a 



reference to shade and ornamental trees, there is 

 e more significant inquiry, what are to become 

 'our forests? The failure of springs and streams, 

 tbo terrible force of tbe winds, the unusual sever- 

 ty of the winters, and in many places prospective 

 barrenness, all in consequence of the loss of our 

 s, should induce efforts to stay the desolation. 

 If farmers could be pcrsn ruled that they could pro- 

 is much from fifty acres well tilled, ns from a 

 hundred indifferently managed, would they not be 

 illing to till the fifty and devote the balance to 



In this matter onr Government has something to 

 do. Let it refrain from bringing lands prema- 

 turely into market. No necessities of the National 

 ihequer can justify the sacrifice of property that 

 belongs not so much to us as to humanity. We 

 no business to desolate the earth, and unfit it 

 he purposes of human life. Save, then, ye 

 in power, the Western wilderness, its soil uud 

 diber for generations that will succeed us. — 

 ,hem have the benefit of cheap lands, clothed 

 with verdure by their Heavenly Father. Bring no 

 lands into market till there is an absolute necessity. 

 Will tbe President and Congress heed ?— ti. t. d. 



THAT APIARIAN CONTENTION. 



Is the whole rouud of farming operations there 

 is no one point so much in the dark, or where there 

 is so much presumptions conceit, so much preten- 

 sion with so little knowlege to support it, so much 

 contradictory teaching, as in Bee-Culture. Every 



be has the whole secret of success, and forthwith 

 issues his instructions through some newspaper 

 whose editor is as ignorant as the writer, nnd can- 

 not decide between ruinous and valuable teaching. 

 The candid inquirer, desiring reliable information, 

 is disgusted with the subject in the vain attempt 

 to separate anything valuable from the mass. At 

 present there seems to be no other way butforeach 

 one to investigate for himself. The experience o 

 aquarterof a century « ilh hundreds of stocks, i 

 not distinguished from that of three years, and 

 half-dozen hives. If 'be inquiry is mode as to wh 

 u reliable, but few can answer, because no pro 

 or test is demanded by those whose duty it is t 

 give a reply. 

 Mr. Ku 



■, the onlv D 



re sure was present 

 at the "Convention that met on tbe 5th day of Feb. 

 1869," (see RcaALof April 23d.) has shown, in wl,a 

 he had to say, that he is himself only in the rudi 

 menU of bee-culture; being ignorant of their 

 notural habits, and deficient in practical cxperi 

 ence. That he is ignorant of on* important poiiu 



KIRBY'S LITTLE BUFFALO HARVESTER, - AS A MOWER. 



'notion mowing and reaping machines arc 

 ling a necessity to every former who grows 

 grain and grass to any extent — and who would 

 keep pace with the age and successfully compote 

 with bis neighbors, — yet there is one class of 

 "iirmers (and & numerous class,) whose wants have 

 lot hitherto been supplied, in consequence of 

 vbich tbey have been placed on an unequal foot- 

 ng, and labored under disadvantages. We refer 

 o those whose farms are not large enough, or who 

 lo not grow a sufficient amount of grain or grass, 

 o warrant them in purchasing the large and more 

 ■xpensive machines, and who frequently keep but 

 me horse for such purposes. The machine above 

 leprcsciited, intended to supply this desideratum, 

 thus described by the manufacturers : 

 " To meet the wants of a. large class of farmers, 

 c manufacturers offer the Litth Buffalo Borne* 

 ', a. one-horse Mower aud Reaper, which has 

 proved to be a perfect success. Kikby's American 

 Harvester having proved to be so successful iu its 

 work, and so light in draft — fur excelling all other 

 machines yet invented in this particular — it oc- 

 curred to the manufacturers that the long-sought 

 desideratum, a successful One-Iiorse Harvester, 

 might bo constructed upon tbo same principle— 

 They accordingly instituted experiments which 

 resulted iu the production of the Little Buffalo 

 Harvester. They constructed patterns and built a 

 few of these machines in the spring of 1858, and 

 put them into the bands of practical farmers, with 

 directions to test them as thoroughly as it waa 

 possible to do in all kinds of work throughout the 

 season, and not to spare nor favor them in nny man- 

 ner. The result of the season's test was a perfect 

 triumph for the machine, and they now offer the 

 Little Buffalo Harvester to the public as a thor- 

 ful rnarfiine, both in Mowing and 



Reaping, and theo/ify One-Horse Comhintd Mv-wer 

 .'.' has yet proved mccwful, and the 

 only on* now in rnarktt. 



"Kirov's Little Buffalo Harvester is constructed 

 upon tbe same principle and possesses all the dis- 

 tinguishing characteristics of Kirbv/s American 

 Harvester, illustrated and .losi iibod iu a late num- 

 ber of tbe Rural. Like the American Harvester it 

 is made mostly of iron : has the same independent 

 action of finger-bar, cnabliDg il to work on rough 

 ground) and permitting the cutters to be set atnny 

 height both for mowing and reaping; a lever at 

 the driver's side by which he can elevate the finger- 

 bar to pass over out i;iass or obstructions, or move 

 from field to field; another lever in front of tbe 

 driver to throw the cutters out and in gear ; a bal- 

 ance-wheel driving head ; the driver's seat so 

 arranged that the driver's weight balances the 

 weight of tbe frame and takes the pressure off the 

 horse; freedom from side draft and clogging; 

 light draft ; low price ;— all these desirable features 

 are combined in tbe Little Buffalo Harvester. It 

 cuts ft swath but one foot narrower than the Ameri- 

 can Harvester, and is capable of cutting from 8 to 

 12 acres of grass, and from 10 to 15 acres of grain 

 per dny; and, although it performs as much work 

 as most two-horse machines, it is easily bandied by 

 onohorse. Both thill-, and pole are furnished with 

 each machine, so that it can be used with a single 

 horse, or a spon of ponies, at pleasure. 



" These machines are being extensively manufac- 

 tured by the Buffalo Agricultural Machine Works, 

 Buffalo, N. Y„— D. M. Osiiornb k Co., Auburn, N. 

 Y., and A. S. Clabk, Bellows Falls, Vt., and are for 

 sale by their Agenta throughout llie country. Every 

 machine is warranted." 



The Little Buffalo Harvester as a Reaper, will he 

 ilbi -i] aled in a future number. 



from what he said:— "The same Being has also 

 taught them to deposit their honey at the top of 

 their hives, and their bread and brood combs at 

 tbc bottom. Conseqently we find that, during the 

 winter, in a hive that stands in its usual position, 

 the bees, after tbe cold weather sets in, collect in 

 the upper part of tbe hive, where they have previ- 

 ously provided and placed their food." This is a 

 serious blunder for one who criticises so boldly. 

 The bees RffifT vohtntarify ItOVl th<. brood combs 

 and "collect in the upper part of the hive where 

 they have stored their hooey." If by any circum- 

 stance a colony is forced to cluster among combs 

 all filled with honey, it cannot be wintered in the 

 open air, by Mr. Kinny or any one else— empty 

 cells arc all important. Tbe old Indian's story was 

 " two-thirds true." This one is half— the honey it 

 in the upper part of the hive generally,— that the 

 bees cluster thereat the beginning of cold weather, 

 is not true, as any one who presumes to teach the 

 public ought to know, and might know if he had 

 ever taken the trouble to examine. To say now 

 that be did know, would only make it appear that 

 wbat be said waa in spite to me, and show him dis- 

 honest— ignorance is more readily excused than 

 . In o\\ prorptrov* colonies the bees will con- 

 tinue lo rear brood till the honey foils in the flow- 

 weather approaches, this brood ma- 





th e r 



md empty colls 

 I combs are tilled with honey, then 

 ;mnty cells is where the bees cluster 

 eatber. This thing is easily decided 



Gon," amounts to nothing. There is hardly a man 

 living but does it in a similar sense every day I It 

 is dono in ten thousand forms. Why does man 

 cut down the forest? God made it. Why invert 

 the soil? He formed it as it is. Why so presump- 

 tuous as to cut out the thick set branches of our 

 fruit trees, letting iu sunlight and air, making 

 them comely in shape, and productive in good 

 things, or pluck the weeds from his garden when 

 Con in bis goodness has made them grow? If Mr. 

 Kir.nv is willing to take all things just ns God has 

 left them,— in a state of nature,— be would prefer 

 the wheat in the kernel, the apple and peach bitter, 

 sour or poisonous, the potato as found wild, and 

 trusting to Nature's plantiogalllhese. I Hm an has 

 nothing to do V— if Gon has done all ?-fl by waa it 

 necessarv for man to "dre-s uud keep the garden 

 of Eden?"— or why have "dominion" of all beasts, 

 birds, Ac.'— was it not for some purpose? When 

 man brings from a southern clime, from Nature's 

 planting, either animal or vegetable to a cold 

 i, jion, he must take them under his fostenngcare, 

 and bestow especial attention, or he fails. Tbo 

 conservatory exhibits tho orange in all the beau')' 

 or its native clime, when pro too ted from the rigor 

 of our northern winter, yet God planted it in the 

 open air ; and the man who argues that it must e 

 kept in this latitude in the same manner, oo t a 

 . l ,17 tr„rt,->r Tbe bee, 



■ 



i«.wb,N.iurei ->-:".'":".r."t! 



by man to a cold region, i 



, ho* 





a found by 



:S=^&? 



i tl.t-y 



