— : ^£- 



MGO&E'S &TO&L EFEW-YG&KEIL. 



MAY 21."" 



Mr. Kn 



rilh what our climate fail* to giv 

 Of Niagara Co.. >'■ V ," asks 



, and bos some experience. 

 o htm. indicate* his wont <f 

 is Ins nooning:— "Ggdis 

 ,:. ,, | i„ r „f il.obee, and his wisdom cannot en 

 He Iim Uught lue bee on the approach of winte 

 to close ever/ opening in their hire, except one i 

 n |br ingress and egress. Why b) Lhtl 

 In order that the heat generated by the natun 

 warmth of their bodies should not escape, bi 

 should remain in the upper part of the hire, I 

 furnish tbcm with warmth sufficient for tbeir con 

 fort and convenience. Hut by boring holai net 

 the top of the hive, this design of the Creator ! 

 frustrated. The warm air, by Itl lightness, rises t 

 the top of Ihehive, and escaping through the hole 

 leave* the interior of the hives nearly as cold as tb 

 external air, and thus the ingenuity of man d( 

 privea the bees in a great measure of that genial 

 warmth which the wisdom of their Maker baa pro. 

 vmIi il fur them " Now, 1 deny that ho proves any 

 such design ! lie first assumes a/arf that ia not c 

 fact, when ho soys the "bees close every opening 

 cieept the one at the bottom." Where is the evi- 

 dence that " God designs the entrance at the bot- 

 tom of the biro?" In the trees of the forest, fft 

 find quite as many going downward as upward It 

 the hive from the entrance. In hives of man'* 



at the bottom ; but this proves nothing of what 

 natural. Now.it happens that I have bad cut rand 

 near the top in two or three scores of hives, Biui 

 I h.ui Uril l-r.'tM, which have been as prosperous 



t the first man 

 that has got in a swamp by theorizing in relation 

 to bed. Again, Mr. K. says:— "But the current 

 of air occasioned by boring holes in or near the top 

 of the hive, enrries oft' a large portion of this mois- 

 ture, and thus deprives the bees of another source 

 of health, which their kind Creator had intended 

 for them." If he hud hud evpci lenceon this 

 be would, like the rest of us, have discovered the 

 combs ruined by confining this "moisture," by just 

 auch methods us he recommends, and rat the netet- 

 *ity of gelling rid of it, by boring holes, inverting 

 the 1m i-, or any other way. I deny that this moU- 

 ture ia essential to their health as a drink, 



Again,—" The Author of Nature has taken good 

 care to defend al hi inuiaU intended for cold climates, 

 against the severity of the winter." This, ol course, 

 wo will not deny in many cases. Bat I hope he 

 will excuse us if wo object to admitting thai the 

 bee wus intended for a cold climate, on thai account. 

 One extract more. "The gentleman from St. 

 Johnsvillo has done (ho subject of Nee-Culture 

 serious injustice, by publishing so extensively his 

 theories, advising all to treut their bec3 in so un- 

 feeling ond shameful a manner." This is a sweep- 

 ing assertion, and at present lacks the necessary 

 proof. Wintering bees in this manner, is "tbeorv," 

 is it* I think I am safe in saying it is pant that. 

 I will guarantee that I can show ten, if not one 

 hundred stocks, that hare boenetHWesj^H* winter- 

 ed the lust winter on this plan, where Mr. K. cau 

 pTDduce one wintered successfully by the method 

 recommended by him. The desire to make known 

 my method of wintering, and management goner- 

 ull\ , may he a weakness. It probably arose thro' 

 self-esteem, egotism, perhaps oonoeit, I had kept 

 bees thirty years, and had been quite successful- 

 call il lucky, if it suits better— the number of stocks 

 gradually increased till I now manage some 600 

 colonies, and they are subjected (except what are 

 in the movable frame hiie.i to this "shameful and 

 unnatural treatment." My success having been 

 pretty uniform, and my itoaka increasing beyond 

 any that I have heard or in this Slate, or any other 

 DfttieBtateS, I felt vain enough to offer some ad- 

 vice. I did it well knowing what 1 said, especially 

 with respect to wintering. This was offered gratis, 

 UloMa to promote bee-culture. Suppose no one 

 cliooses to profit by it, I Basil not cry over it, or 

 make myself very uncomfortable, even if some 

 prefer to go to that "dear school," so necessary 

 for those that can learn in no other. 



THE WISE WORM -POTATO GROWING, fto. 



Ens. Bubal •_ In the RrtiALof May 14th I notice 

 an inquiry from 0. Svckett. for a remedy for wire 

 worm in his potatoes. I can recommend salt as on 

 effeelnal preventive igainsl their ravages. I al- 

 ways use it plentifully in the hill or drill at the 

 lime of planting, and never, to my recollection, 

 hw mj potatoes suffered, though corn planted in 

 tht same field has been hadly injured, If used 

 alone I should say from 2]-^ to 3 bushels per acre, 

 but it is better applied composted with other 

 special manures, and for the benefit of my brother 

 Ilii nni-, 1 ivill gite you my recipe for iucreasiug 

 the quantity and quality of potatoes, and prevcut- 



abjnn 



barrels, with 1 barrel hue salt, and 5 

 iter. Apply to the drills by strewing 

 i Ihc hand, walk iug about as fast as for 



This a 



tof n 



for t 



centre, tl.ro 





plied, irU] do for \)4 I 



crop, I lake 10 bushels fresh lime, 10 bushels li: 



bushels mi) cached wood 



asbea, bushel* plaster. Make a bed of the ashes 



aixing the lime and salt in the 



our on water enough to sluke it, cor- 



with the a«he«, und plaster on the top. 



ima fortius mixture to stand for two 



lOW it is much better, so that 



uniformed by the union of the 



be perfectly composed II, 



tho case, the making of this 



•»deU, d^mfor^tfulu 6 ss,I 1 UtH B t«,a 



for two or three d„, s uull , Ull . „ 



thoroughly slaked ami heated up, then mis .[I 

 together, and apply m drills ss be) 



I m ■ pod hai.dr.ii ha, dm* a Ltukdbi 



i.t on the seed, and cover an 1 I 



JH Will he seen from the 



potatoes are first up, till the tim c f or 



ound again. 



the proportions I use. I can't 



I'll.;,, 11„. 



exactly say how much land this amount will serve 

 for, bul certainly Iwo or three acres— and any that 

 Ea left otcr will do well to toir broadcast and drag 

 in for some of those small experimental patches of 

 carrots, beets, turnips, Ac, Ac, which all we 

 readers of the Rural who hove never grown any 

 before, intend this year, I hope, to put in. 



For the fly which Mr. Sackett states is destroy- 

 ing hia turnips, cabbages, Ac, 1 should recom- 

 mend a liberal dusting of hoot, ashes, plaster, 

 tobacco dust, or something of JlBj sort, as a pre* 



I bad a word or two to say respecting Mr. Logic's 

 system of brush draining, mentioned in Kukal of 

 April 80th, but must mil another opportunity, 

 thinking this communication enough of an endu- 

 rance for yourself and readers for once. 



WICKS' ATMOSPHERIC CrUTRIT. 



IK the Rural of April 2d, we gave an extract 

 from an article by H. A- Cook, of Columbia Co., 

 which spoke of using a four-minute churn. Its 

 publication soon brought ub a large number of 

 inquiries, and in our issue of tho 30th ult., (under 

 the head of "That Four-minute Churn,") we 

 slated that we could neither answer the queries 

 nor give the address of Mr. Cook, but presumed 

 some of our friends would ere long favor Rural 

 readers with definite information on the subject. 

 Only a day or two after the last-named paragraph 

 was published, we casually met (in Arcade Hall,) 

 an Agent of "Wicks' Atmospheric Churn," and 

 learning, on inquiry, that he was from Wa^hing- 

 ton County— that it had been introduced 



red around the shaft ( 



odei the ,t 



eel F; funnels ore secured in the 



idea of the cr 



oss pieces as represented, near their 



xtremiUea,i D 



such manner that they will commu- 





bottoms or lower cods of the tubes 



■ J. J, J. D.T 







re covered with gauze wire as shown. 



] that |l 





; Cl.u i 



we surmised that perhaps this was the identical 

 churn alluded to by Mr. Cook, about which wo 

 bad received so many inquiries, and resolved to 

 ascertain in regard to its operation and merits. 

 The gentlemanly and apparently very candid 

 agent, Mr. N. BSOWKBIX, promised us an early 

 opportunity to witness the operation and speed of 

 the churn, and we have, within the past ten days, 

 been present at four trials of its capacity, at dif- 

 ferent places. Three of these were made one day 

 lost week, in the town of Gales, a few miles west 

 of Rochester, and subsequently one in this city. 



The fn-st three trials were made at ns many dif- 

 ferent farm houses. On the first trial, cold cream 

 was used, in the open air on the north side of the 

 house, the morning being quite cool. The churn- 

 ing was completed in between ten and twelve min- 

 utes, notwithstanding the unfavorable circum- 

 stances, The second trial was made with cream 

 at a temperature ol about Co degrees, in a warm 

 rsom ; time 3 minutes. The third trial was made 

 in a worm room, with the cream at a temperature 

 of 03 to 0-1 degrees, and the churning was com- 

 pleted in /our and a ho!/ m invty. Butler was 

 produced in four minutes, iu tin-, instance, but the 

 was not slopped until the work was com- 

 plete— 4>j minutes. These experiments were wit- 

 icssed by several gentlemen conversant with but- 

 er-making, all of whom, we believe, were satisfied 

 hat the churn would produce butter within five 

 ninutcs, at any lime, with the cream at a proper 

 temperature— say from lij to il ! degrees Fall. The 

 i was not measured in these trials, hut from 

 to twelve pounds of butter were made at each 

 churning. We witnessed another experiment with 

 same churn, (at the National Hotel, in thiscity,) 

 Monday of this week, wheu butter was pro- 

 duced in from four to four and a half minutes. 

 Such is tho result of our investigations— and it 



many agents of patent churns, bee-hives, etc., and 

 amined scores of such inventions « Inch we con- 

 sidered unworthy of the least notice; but in this 

 ice we set about the matter voluntarily— per- 

 haps bored the agent — and, though not prepared 

 cry " Eureka,' 1 we are satisfied that WkU Im- 

 proved Atmii.-phsrii- Churn is a decided acquisition, 

 tho long-sought desideratum. We are as- 

 that it has completed a churning in one 

 o aud-a-hair, and often in three minutes, but 

 (ill do the work in five minutes — or even in- 

 side of ten— it is a great and valuable improve- 

 In tbisbeticf we confidently commend it to 



r readers interested. To enable them to un- 

 derstand its construction and operation we subjoin 

 the following cuts and description, ns furnished by 

 the agent : 



"In ihc figure*, A represents the body »1 the 

 churn ; C, C, represents upright* on Ihc top I), D, 

 which support the shaft B. on which is secured the 

 driving wheel E, said wheel E, being provided on 

 its side with teeth or cogs which work in a hovel 

 wheel F, on shaft (i. which serves to drive said 

 shaft ; G, represents u vertical shaft w hich is pro- 





r of tl 







the churn, for i 

 through two pie. i's ii,"' th-ir pinmon, uidpiet 

 crossing each other at right angles, are secur 

 near the bottom of the shaft G, losaidshmi . r, I, r, 

 represent four tubes, the lower cods of which a 



ured , 



r the i 



is operated, when tho parts are 

 in proper position, by turning the crank, wh 

 gives motion to shall If, ami wheel E ; this comr 

 nicaling a rotary motion to the shaft G, ond 

 attachments in a direction which will keep the 

 mouths of the funnels eonstanlly receding from the 

 cream; as the funnels recede from tho cream or 

 milk, a vacuum is produced iu the tubes J, J, j, J, 

 and the external air rushes in immediately at the 

 tops of the tubes, and is conveyed through them to 

 the bollom of the churn, where it escapes and rises 

 through the cream lo the top of tho churn again. 

 As the lower ends of the tubes move much faster 

 upper ends, the equilibrium is destroyed, 



I ihi- ii 





nuehf 



rii-.iin 



speed. When the shaft G, is turned rapidly, the 

 cream in the churn assumes the shape of a hollow 

 frustrum of a cone, and is kept between the sides 

 of Ihc box and the circle or tone described, by the 

 revolving of tubes j, j, while the butter when it 

 begins to come, bruit; hem ier than the cream, falls 

 holween the tubes j, j, and keeps between these 

 tubes at the bottom of the churn. The object of 

 the gauze wire covering for the apertures D, D, 

 is, 1st, To give ventilation, ond in Ibe 2d place, 

 it affords an opportunity of examining the con- 

 dition of the cieuiii while the operation is going 

 on. 8d, It prevents spattering. It is often nec- 

 essary during the process of churning, to ex- 

 amine the condition of the cream, to note its 

 chatigcs, so as to know how to treat it properly, 

 and this cannot be doue in ordinary churns with- 

 out taking off the lop, which always produces a 

 had effeel upou the cream in a more or less degree." 



This Churn bus been thoroughly tested, during 

 the past month, in Washington county. The 

 Washington Co. Post of the 8th ult., in speaking of 

 the churn and n public trial of its capacity, says ;— 

 "The first operation was that of churning about 

 four gallons of cream, which, according to our 

 time, (and wo limed it,) and the lime of several 

 other watches present, was performed in three 

 minutes fvow the first stroke, ond produced from 

 18 to 10 pounds of butter. The next operation wna 

 the churning of about the same quantity of milk. 

 — milked the night pic\ ions, though still sweet — 

 which was executed in fivt minutes. Tkest/actt 

 we state on our own knowhd-jc, and hold oursclf 

 responsible /or tArir truth." 



The same paper of tho 15th ult. says: — "We 

 had tho pleasure of again witnessing an operation 

 of the Atmospheric Churn on Tuesday last. There 



churn, and although the quantity was a litlle 

 greater than should be churned at one time in that 

 sized churn, yet the churning occupied just three 

 minutes by the watch, and the amount of butter, 

 which was weighed by our own hands, was 35 lbs. 

 before the milk hud been fully worked out of it. 

 The butter, after being fully worked, would weigh 

 about 33 lbs. Several gentlemen were also present 

 to witness the operation, -among them our friends 

 D. Volentinr and Mr. Stockwell, of Anroro, 111. 

 All present seemed perfectly satisfied with the suc- 

 cess of the experiment," 



Tho Churn above described was patented by 

 I,. J. Wicks, of liacme. Wis., in March last, but the 



:. Juos( 



, of c 



. Co., N. T., and S. Junsox, of Ra< 



., Wis. 

 SALE OF S. T. TABER'S SHORT-HORN HERD. 



Eds. Ritual:— The sale or Mr. Tadkr's fine herd 

 of Shorthorns came oil" lu-day, fat Dover Plains, 

 Dulche83 Co., N. T.,) and I give you tho results of 

 tho sale. The day has been o most unfavorable 

 one — a cold, narth-cait rain storm preventing, 

 doubtless, many from attending. There was a fair 

 attendance, mostly from Dulchess county. Tho 

 best bidders, however, were from New England, 

 and they bought the best animals. Ten Bulls and 

 twenty-four Cows and Heifers were sold. Tho 

 stock was in fair condition ; the sale was conducted 

 as such sales should be— every animal put up and 

 sold to actual purchasers without a single by-bid- 

 der. Only ouc animal bad a reserved price upon 

 it. Mr. Tabf.ei requested ibis privilege as the last 

 auimal was brought into the ring, his stock bull 

 " Highflyer," a very superior bull — sired by 

 "Duke of Gloster," (now owned by Jaues O. 



i t:,.., 





irted • 



1 live years 



oia, 



fine condi - 

 Bale showed him a capital stock 

 getter. He was started at $450 and resJizcd $505, 

 and went to Massachusetts. I regretted he hud 

 uot been retained iu New York. He coBt Mr. Ta- 

 noii.when >; months old, $000 — and was a horgain, 

 I think, at a much higher figure now. 



I give you a Hat of the animals, and the pur- 

 chasers and prices, as well as they could be ascer- 

 tained. Taking notes in the held, with the th.'i 

 inn meter at 40° r thereabouts, and the north-east 

 wind making it g 00u f or 10 degrees more of cold, 

 was uot the most favorable for work. I give yon. 

 however, as understood at the time, and presume 

 the list is correct os to the prices, and as lo pur- 

 chasers snbstantaotially so. There were ten Bulls 

 sold at an average of $1^1-0 each, all 



Twei 



r <_'.,'.v 



average of $114. Tho Hulls brought 



ie Cowa and Heifers 12,739. Total, 



i been favorable I think 



e would hav« been auch as to have se- 



i the prices of the 





i B. Halght, DuloheaaOo 



;. K. Tabw, Doldieia Oo, 

 Jenilne Ualteck, Duichei 



G. Wood, MiAsaoausctU 



/'.■,,. 





Uuval Spirit of tl)c |3rcss. 



mfort, i 



> tho i 



I ol i 



t.l.-.i-ly 



he so effectually and eeoimmicdly secured as by 

 giving them a few emits of whitewash. The white- 

 washing of cattle and horse stalls, as well as inside 

 of hog cotes and bencries, not only renders them 

 more healthy, but prevents the animals and fowls 

 from being infested with troublesome, I'd thy vermin. 



One of the correspondents of the Wool Grower, 

 H. H. Romxson, of Millershurg, O., gives the fol- 

 lowing as his mode of Washing Sheep :— " Take a 

 large sized stou: box and place it below a mill-dam 

 orou a rivulet where you can have a stream of 

 water running in il through a spout. The woy lo 

 manage the sheep is this: turn the ebeep on its 

 bock, let one person take hold of its fore legs with 

 his left hand, and hold of the back of its bead with 

 the right, and another person hold the bind legs, 

 and in that manner dip the sheep in the box of 

 water a few times, then lei the sheep turn on its 

 feet in the box and press the wool until it becomes 

 clean. I like this way of washing much better 

 than the old way of dragging sheep into a stream 

 and worrying them about until the wool is clean. - ' 



S. R. Elliott, of Cleveland, writing to the 

 American Femurs' M.ttiaaru-, says ;— "Some years 

 since, I commenced sowing peas, and covering 

 them at different depths, varying from one inch 

 to ene foot. I found those buried eight indue 

 deep appeared obove the ground only one day 

 loter than those buried only two inches; while 

 those that were covered twelve inches deep were a 

 little over two days behind. As they grew no per- 

 ceptible difference was noticed, until they com- 



tage of the deep planting exhibited itself; for those 

 that were eight und ten inches deep continued to 

 grow, blossom, and set pods long after those only 

 two to four inches commenced ripening and decay- 

 ing. If the soil is light and loamy, I will hereafter 

 plant my peas eight lo len inches deep ; if the soil 

 is eloyey, I would plant six inches. I never earth 

 up, but leave the ground as level as possible." 



We clip the following from the Maine Tem- 

 perance Journal : — "This, though generally thrown 

 into the street and wasted, is one of the best ma- 

 nures. It is extensively used in England, and 

 when only fifteen or twenty bushels are npplicd to 

 tho acre, it induces the most luxuriant crops of 

 wheat and other grains. It contains, in small com- 

 pass, almost all ihc ingredients of coal or wood used 

 for fuel. It also contains tho several sails of am- 

 monia, magucsio, lime and muriatic acid. Its com- 

 ponents arc the natural liiod in stimulants of plants, 

 and it can bo used to great advantage as a concen- 

 traled fertilizer to stimulate germinating seeds in 

 the drill. It is not only sown broadcast with the 

 grain, but it is applied to the root crops with tho 

 best results. Potatoes and carrots especially ore 

 benefited by it. Six quarts of soot to a large bogs- 

 head of water make an excellent liquid manure (or 

 the garden. Il can be applied with safety to all 

 garden crops, ond will pay well for saving." 



of tho AgricKltvrid describ- 

 ici; this process, says .—When your land is tolera- 

 bly free from obstructions, not too hilly, and dry 

 enough in spring for a wheel carriage to pass over 

 il without da.mue.ing the clover, rise with the sun, 

 or u little before il, on a still morning; take a cart, 

 (as it is better to turn than a wagon,) put a barrel 

 of plaster in the fore end of it, oud O shovel to OJJ 

 with; fix a box or tub close by the tail-board of 

 the cart, obout the height of your knees, ond on old 

 choir or seat in front of it. Fill your tub, take your 

 seat, tell vour boy to drive on, and commence sow- 

 ing over the tail of the curt with both bands, just 

 as tou would do if walking and carrying the arti- 

 cle! the difference being that, instead of walking 

 into the dust, vou are riding uway from it, and by 

 being elevated, can sow a wider cost; instead of 

 hBTiDB to t" 1 across on acre several limes, while 

 sowing it, to gel your mouth, nose and eyes tilled 

 with dust, you may be as clean as when you began, 

 except o little scattered upon your In I 

 the wind rises, quit, and you will do more iu one 

 morning than in half a day by the old method. 



Agricultural illisccllnna. 





tthlng leap during l 



This, however, must depend upon r I renin. 



Hoduccri who now hove nnytbiuR lo sell 

 ,cll to lalio advantage of tho high prices 



Tub WintAxCEor. Our account*, by letter an J other- 

 wise, from the wheat growing sections of tho I'uion, 



appearance and prosped* of tho crop. CorrespnmlonUi 

 In Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, and other parts of tho West, 

 report very favorably , and concur In Hie opinion thai, 

 exlraordlnorles ond contingencies excepted, the wheal 



Pbm-aetso Gnoo>n fox Cobs.— A Michigan eorrsa- 

 bv using plaster. For corn, lio plows In clover sod ta 



or my aoro yielded 100 



bushels per acre, though 



thus glowingly to & ft 



est girl ; was gone six weeks, which was quite 

 one. I am In the oDjoymcnt of the very best he 





