MOORE'S KXJKAL MW-YO&KER. 



167 



n polled for 



ie Bulbous rootei 



flower*. I'rerioua to that we had described lb 



fcnow Drop end tbe Crocus. 



HTACI5XHH 



The season was quite favorable for Hvacjntiis 

 nod our show was exceedingly fine. Among thi 

 best vre note ibe following ;— Faron Thuyll—a 

 targe compact truss, violet blue. Tbis is one of tbe 

 finenl of the color. AmiabU FrunttU-4uk blue 

 IklU Blanch*— large compact spike, white. Gen 

 Antink — double— light blue. Mart— single red, 

 ilriped with white, very showy and beautiful.— 

 Ditbittch — the finest red. JkU* Carina — pink, 

 striped with red ; one of the best fancy sorts, la 

 D*4*t*— double white, truss good. Candius Viola- 

 «ow— white, very double, large bells and good 

 large epike ; one of the best of the light doubles. 

 (JrtH-ttoont— double blush, fine large truss ; every 

 way desirable. / 'Amti V* Oiur- pink, and one 

 of the very beat of tbe color ; fine truss. Virgo— 

 double, white, tinged with blue; long fine truss. 

 We find a long list in our note-book, but tbe above 

 twelve sorts will he sufficient, as we wish to give 

 u few H'cful Iiinl i in ii-tMid lo culture, Ac. 



One reason why the Hyacinth has cot been more 

 generally cultivated by ladies, who always love 

 flowers, and even under tbe most unfavorable cir- 

 OmDfUllMf, manage to grow a few, and by those 

 who bare but little lime and means to devote to 

 gardening, is the fact that the directions given by 

 BtropBID und even American writers, have beenso 

 formidable as to discourage, if not confuse. The 

 cultivator is generally told to remove the common 

 noil two feet or more deep, and fill up with clean 

 sand and well rotted cow manure. Now this is 

 well enough, if flowers were to be grown for exhi- 

 bition, but good hyacinths may be raised in any 

 ordinary loamy soil. If the garden soil is heavy 

 clay then remove a portion, and add good sandy 

 loam from ibe wooda. 



The latter part of October is tbe best time to 

 mul..- ilwirniil, bed*, which should bo from three 

 i.i foot feet wide. Set the bulbs from six to eight 

 inches apnrt each way, and four inches deep. It is 

 .1 ginid plan to surround the bulb, when setting, 

 with a liltlo clean sand. Before winter sets iu 

 cover the bed with leaves, or a little straw or litter. 

 In about five or six weeks after flowering, when 

 the leaves are dead, the bulbs may be taken up, 

 dried and packed away in paper for fall planting. 

 If the bed is wanted for other flowers, they may be 

 removed in three weeks after flowering, the (lower 

 stem cut off, and the bulbs laid on a dry bed and 

 covered with n little earth until tbe leaves have 

 ripened, when they should be packed away as 

 before recommended. 



Many persons ordering Hyacinths from tbe seeds- 

 men end Duriervmeo entertain the idea that none 

 but tbe double ones are desirable. Tbis is not tbe 

 case. The value of this flower depends principally 

 upon the form of tho spike and Ihe arrangement of 

 the single flowers or bolls upon the flower-stem. 

 r spike should be pyramidal, 

 enough to entirely conceal 



and the flowers i 



TTIK NARCISSUS. 

 Flowering with the Hyacinth we have tbe Nar- 

 Hy, including the well-known Daffodil, 

 and Jonquil. They are mostly perfectly hardy, 

 should be planted iu the autumn like the Hyacinth 

 but may remain in the ground a number of years 

 and until t bey become ao thick and matted as to 

 make a division of the roots necessary. Some of 

 them are double, and are very showy, but the sin- 

 gle sorts are more delicate and prettier. The 

 Early Double Daffodil is of n bright yellow. Di- 

 comparable Pieno very double, lightyellow or straw 

 color, intermixed with dark yellow, or orange. 



lorm or the atogle flowers, and the central 

 which being of a different color from the aii* »' 

 tals, makes these flowers exceedingly attract 

 Some have the petals of a light yell',,*. Md ^ 

 cup orange, others with the petals white and it 

 «P vMlow. wt.il. Ih. TMt. Mta« «„„J 

 Mrt Ph.wM; Ey; i. mowj rtit r . tb, rapi 

 ™" '"''" "' lh • d«!ic«W fringed e J s e of red 



want gin, ii» l,ii,. r iu,,. Then than ui 



'■rntie, wiih ,b e cupa ver? , nrge and | onfcT jn ^ 

 "> of . trumpet. One of the best of the.e i 

 ^"^l''-" >-'T,-,, n ,„,, wi.b tbe enp or <r„„, 

 u length and broad at th 



extremity. 

 Then 



A beautiful class f the Nat 



however, is the Fblianthu* Xarci**u*. The fl. 

 are produced in clusters or tmsses of from I 

 dozen to three times tbis Dumber. Like tbe i 

 they show every shade of color from the purest 

 imaginable white to deep orange; the cup of the 

 white varieties being yellow, and of the y 

 sorts orange. These arc not as hardy as the other 

 varieties, but are sufficiently so for geueral culture 

 in this latitude in a well drained soil. 



Tulij>» and their culture. 



THE SKASON. 



The weather for the past week or two has been 

 remarkably fine, and vegetation has made rapid 

 progress. The prospects at present arc thi 

 Khali have an abundaut crop of all fruits except 

 peaches. 



Amnuxi may still be sown, but there is n< 

 time for delay. About the first of June, Dei 

 1'l.ixts should be put out, and they are among tbe 

 most useful ornaments of the flower garden, par- 

 ticularly valuable in beautifying new grounds, oi 

 filling beds where bulbs have flowered. Those 

 who live near a greenhouse can obtain them cc 

 venicntly and cheap, and they can be safcly sc 

 by express almost any distance. Our advertisi 

 columns no doubt will tell where they can 

 obtained. In the next number we will describi 

 few of tbe best. 



CANKER WOEMS. 



For two years past the apple orchards in this 

 vicinity have Buffered extremely from the visits of 

 millions of culerpillars, which we cannot fully 

 identify with any variety described in either Har- 

 ris' or Frrcn's works, though they are undoubtedly 

 a variety of canker worm. They make their appear- 

 ance with the first leaves, in the early part of May, 

 being quite small when first ecen, and continue 

 til the middle or latter part of June, increasing 

 size, until they are from an inch to an inch and 

 alf in length. At first they are scarcely noticed, 

 they form no web, but cluster together on the 

 tops of the branches. In a short time, however, 

 they become so largo and so numerous, ond create 

 such havoc among the trees, destroying every leaf 

 ithin their reach, that the farmer becomes alarm- 

 ed for the safely of his orchard, and all the availa- 

 rength is immediately set to work to kill these 

 destructive enemies. 



vas only last season that our attention was 

 particularly called to these caterpillars, and the 

 present year they bid fair to be more numerous 

 aver in many orchards. The largest are now 

 about one inch in length. They have fourteen legs, 

 eight behind and six before, and crawl along, not 

 moviuglikethc inch-worm. The belly is of dullish 

 v, there is a very fine line of white, a stripe of 

 ashy blue, above which is a fine line of yellow. The 

 bnek is black, ornamented with nine white spats. 

 The head and other extremity is of a bluish ash. 

 When disturbed, they full from the limb and hang 

 suspended by a single web. 



It will be well for our readers to examine their 



trees for these insects— for if permitted to take 



their course for one season, where numerous, they 



ot only destroy every leaf, and of course the 



at crop, hut do the trees permanent injury. 



We know of persons whose orchards were fairly 



errun with them before they were aware of it. 



THE ALLEN RASPBERRY. 



Two years ago, L. F. Allkn advertised two va- 



eties of " hardy ]ia.*pbcn-ie$." I had already 

 several kinds that needed winter protection, and 

 felt, like many others I suppose, quite willing to 

 get rid of putting down the canes every winter to 

 save them. I sent for a dozen each of these varie- 

 ties of Mr. Allen. Of one I obtained only about 

 a half dozen, but the other made up tbe de- 

 ficiency, and I should have lost nothing if it had 

 made up the whole. They produced tine canes 

 and a few berries the first season, and last year I 

 had probably a fair test of the fruit by the side of 

 Ihe Fellow Antwerp, Fastolff, Franconia, and oth- 

 ers. One variety will compare favorably with 

 ;ither of the others, and when we take into con- 

 sideration its hardiness, it must be superior; hav- 

 ug stood unprotected, without apparent injury, 

 two winters. The other and inferior variety, in 

 color, is halfway between the wild red, and black, 



but larger than either, and a very poor bearer. 



The canes, like the berries, appear like a cross be- 

 tween the red and black, not bending over quite as 

 much as the black, nor ns upright as the red, very 

 branching and quite liable to be broken with snow. 

 The color of the canes is also on the same princi- 

 ple, darker than the red, Ac. 



Now, if any one has only one variety of this 

 AUtn Raspberry, (I suppose the name applies 

 equally to both,) and thai should happen to bo the 

 darker one, I think there would be some grounds 

 of complaint ; but with the other kind 1 think the 

 complaint would depend on disposition. As for 

 myself, I am well satisfied so far with the one, but 

 shall dig up and throw away the other. 



St. J»hj»ville, N. Y,. 1853. 



M. QuTNnv. 

 PRUNTNa DWARF PEAK TREES. 



Mbsses. Eoitors ;-In response to a vast number 

 f inquiries, from interested persons, as to my mode 

 f Pruning Dwarf p <ar Tree*, with your permission 

 will give some specific directions in reference 

 thereto, which, if well followed, it is believed will 

 enable persons without practical experience, to 

 wholly avoid the principal cause of a large share 

 of the failures with dwarfs, viz. :— a want of thor- 

 ough pruning. 



Experience has convinced me, that with good 

 trees, of well chosen varieties, on any good corn 

 land, which is never too wet ; and with the culture 

 a good farmer gives his other crops ; and the im- 

 portant— nay, more, the indispensable requisite to 

 success— t }, orough pruning, no one need fail of 

 attaining a degree of success highly satiafcetorv 

 and profitable. • 



A Dwarf Pear Tree should never be planted at 

 1 * good one year old tree consists of 

 right shoot or stem from three and one- 

 half to fl T . feet hi,,,, oud lh0fl * d be cut Qff ubou[ 

 two feet from the ground; ud m order t ; TC ft 



smooth handsome stem or trunk:, let (he bu 

 rubbed off, to the height of one. foot from the 

 ground — leaving on the upper portion six to uiue 

 buds, more or leas; witb tbe tree standing in its 

 original position, in full vigor, and cut back as 

 above stated, each one of tbeae buds will throw out 

 a good strong branch, which gives a full ruund di.i 

 tiff form to tbe tree ; and is tbe time and manner, 

 and tbe only time, when that desirable shape can 

 be given, on which the future form of symmetry 

 and beauty, so much depends; and to avoid what 

 is termed a crotched or forked-top tree in which 

 the two uppermost branches ore about of equal 

 vigor and height, let the second branch from the 

 top be pinched off, when about nine inches or a 

 foot long, which will check and weaken it, while 

 the uppermost one becomes a strong central leader. 

 Whereas, if tbe tree be transplanted atone year old, 

 and cut back as above stated, the vital forces of tbe 

 tree will he weakened half or three-fourths by 

 transplanting, and, as the result, only two or three, 

 (more or less,) of the buds on the trunk will grow 

 so as to form branches; and they perhaps only at 

 the top or all on one side, while the remaining 

 buds remain dormant, never afterwards to be de- 

 veloped, as the other branches form new channels, 

 which will more readily carry the sap to other and 

 upper portions of the tree. 



For transplanting, therefore, let a tree be two 

 years old from the bud, well cut back at one year 

 old, and with six to nine main branches, which 

 form the frame-work, or foundation, which is to 

 give form and character to the future tree, with 

 proper core and management. 



t, figure 1, will illustrate a two 



year old tree, an above dcsci ibed, its lower branches 



foot from the ground, and its upper 



branches being the strongest and most upright, 



those below less vigorous and more horizontal. 



speak of this more particularly for the reason 



all the cuts which I have noticed in works on 



loiogy, and in agricultural papers, represent a 



year old tree, with branches much the longest, 



strongest, at the bottom; and diminishing in 



vigor towards the top, except perhaps the center 



top branch ; while all experience illustrates the 



iple that the sap fiows most freely nud readily 



upper branches, giving them vigor, strength 



iprightness to the diminution of the same 



cteristks in those below. 



In cutting a tree, with branches formed as above 

 described, let the leader he cut dowu within four to 

 ches of the place where the one year old tree 

 :ut off, and just above a good hud on the side 

 of the tree over the previous year's cut, thus keep- 



ig the lender in a perpendicular position over the 

 original trunk or bottom of the tree. 



If the side branches arc too horizontal, an upper 

 bud is left for its extension; if too upright, a lower 

 bud is left. Side direction may be given, if desir- 

 able, to till wide spaces, in the same way. 



Cut the other brunches at such a distance from 

 the trunk, that the ends of all of them would form a 

 pyramid, the base of which should not he over 

 i- tosixteen inches in diameter, and in smallish 

 trees much less; thus the lowest branches will be 

 left the longest ; the object of which is to check the 

 natural flow of sap to the upper branches, and 



duce it to flow more forcibly to the lower ones, 



creusiug tlie viL'iir and force of Ihe latter as much 



. possible, which must be done at thut time or 



Figure 2 represents a three year old tree after it 

 is been pruned at two years old, aud made the 

 third year's growth, and thawing where it should 

 be cut back at that time. All subsequent pruning 



t other branches, as shall seem to be necessary to 

 .dmit light and air, or give vigor or symmetry of 

 form to the tree, but as the greatest force of sap 

 'aw to the ceutral and upright branches, they 

 will need to be cut back most, retaining as near as 

 ay be the pyramid form; ever bearing in mind 

 'is fact, thut no one prunes too much ; und, after 

 having pruned well and gathered rich harvests of 

 us pears, if you still wish to grow tbem 

 (arg, r and h,lUr than ever before, prune a little 

 closer, and that result will certainly b« attained, 

 nd tbe vigor, btauty and longevity of your trees 

 ill be increased thereby. T. <i. Teomaks. 



OECHAEDS IN CANADA. 



Is tbe Canadian Agriculturist, Mr. Geo Lcs)j e 

 gives an interesting history of fruit 

 i.l.i Weal -"Twenty years ago," he says, "the 

 few scattered chert its consisted of sour kinds, com- 

 monly called Kentish, with sometimes a few scat. 

 tered May Dukes and Ox Hearts. Our plums 

 consisted of common and yellow, with a few Egg 

 and Green Gage. Few people had ever heard of 

 the fine varieties that have been introduced within 

 the last fourteen years, such as Bolma/s Washing- 

 ton, Jefferson, Dunne's Purple, Imperial Gage, Ac. 

 The only distinction then was, wild plums und 

 lame plums. Of pears, there were none, and they 

 are still scarce, and ;i greit rarity in our markets. 

 These remarks apply to the common practice only ; 

 there were here and there worthy exceptions, 

 of individuals who in the face of great iiffloultlH 

 which have now happily disappeared, had collected 

 many of the improved varieties which 

 stand among our esteemed sorts; su 

 instance, among apples, tbe Fameuse, Pomme 

 Gris, Bourassa, Baldwin, R. I. Greening, E. Hai 

 vest, Ac. Last year our fruit crop was rather 

 failure, but in the fall of 1S55 I was very much 

 pleased to see a few barrels of fine specimens of the 

 following sorts, grown in the neighborhood of To- 

 ronto, ofletcd for sale in our markets, namely :— 

 Fall Pippin, ^Esopus, Spitienburg, Yellow Belle- 

 fleur, Baldwin, Roxbury Rusaet, St. Lawrence, 

 Ribston Pippin, ,tc, Ac, and from the number of 

 tbe trees planted of laf 



ifew 



; of the best t 



. for c 



merceand transportation. 



"As far as my knowledge extends, the following 

 list of apples comprises some among the best and 



Summer VarutUa.—Iha Early Harvest, Summei 

 Queen, Early Strawberry, Sweet Bough, Duches! 

 of Oldenburgh, Red Astrnchnn. Fall Wirl, I ;,:■.- 

 Fall Pippin, St. Lawrence, Fameuse, Twenty Ounce, 

 Ribston Pippin. Porter. Winter Varieties.— Rhode 

 Island Greening, Baldwin, American Golden Rus- 

 set, Pomme Gris, Roxbury Russet, White Belle 

 tieur, -Esopus SpiUenburg, Newtown Pippin, Bell- 

 mont, Swunr, Nonliem Spy, Dutch Mignonne, 



Inquiries auu ^nsiucvs. 



The Apple WoeM, &C.-I have been but a short time 



n apple tree standing 1 



' Ibis sort. I pruned I 

 ioC the large rooif. Ni 

 y girtluu «u made, an 





uppli. 



Hon of M.-C. D. D., Syracuse, JIT. r„ 



1st. Tin in: is no difficulty, we imagine, either 

 with your soil or tree, but the fruit is destroyed 

 by the Apple W>/rm, which, of late years, has 

 become exceedingly numerous and destructive. 



The Apple W'vrni ih produced from the egg of 

 the Codling Math, and tbis moth is shown, 

 natural size, in the engraving (4.) It depot 

 eggs iu the calyx or eye of the young fruit, during 

 June or July, and tbe grub is hutched in a few 

 days, and eats its way into the fruit, us seen in tin 

 engraving, tl) leaving behind it a brown powder. 

 This grub attains its full growth in a few weeks, 

 Its natural &izc is shown in engraving (3.) Apple: 

 thus affected drop sometimes when they 



i half fj 



I the i 



ntil they acquire a premature ripeness. Few of 

 ur readers but must have noticed on trees ofeaily 

 pples, some wormy specimens ripe, whil 

 >und apples were far from being fit fc 

 till others, and particularly winter apples, 

 > be less affected by the worm, and hung o 



When the apple falls the grub leaves, 

 ay entirely through the apple, as aceu i 

 graving, comiug ( 



n the bark of the tree, spins 

 thin white cocoon, shown in the engraving (5,) 

 i which to spend the winter, and comes 

 following spring a molb, to commit again its dep- 

 redations on the fhlit, and blast again the hopes of 

 the cultivator. We think many of these worms 

 leave the apples before they fall, particularly tho-e 



of tbem 



second generation the same season. TVo have Been 

 no facts to warrant this belief 



W'e must say, .is we have before, that we know 

 of do pateut remedy for this evil-uo homb-shdl 

 that will destroy 8 thousand at a blow. We hare 

 alway. bad to tight them singly. Iu early spring 

 search tor the cocoons in the rough bark, the 

 roughest f nU icb may be scraped off. In this 

 way a great m%aj maT he a e3troye (i. Alao pick 

 up all wormy » pp l„ M soon M , Uey (M and feed 

 them to hogs, or destroy the worms they coutttin 

 in some other way. rjon fla v S if old cloths are 

 laid in tbe crotchet ud arouuds the trees, many 

 will crawl into them to form their cocoons, and 

 may be readily destroyed, W„ never tried Ibis. 

 We know, however, that if the flrat two plans oro 

 iudustriously followed, the amountof wormy fiuit 

 will be greatly diminished. 



2d. A trellis made of posts and wire, and within 

 six inches of tbe wall, is better than futening 

 vines directly upon it, as it affords an opportunity 

 for the circulation of air, und the fruit leaves are 

 not pressed against the bricks and injured. Theu 

 it is more convenient for training. Iu Europe, 

 peach, apricot, and other fruit trees, are trained 

 upon walls, but walls made for this purpose con- 

 tain a portion of wooden blocks cut just the form 

 of the brick. In the tOOOdtn bricks, nails cao be 



3d. We have never found much benefit from tho 

 use of salt, except for asparagus; a little, how- 

 ever, will help celery. We would rathe] receive 

 than give informal iou on this subject. We have 

 heard of a great many experiments on this point, 

 that when traced out amounted to very little us a 

 guide in practice. 



PIE PLANT WTNE, TOMATO CHOWDER, &c. 



.:— Aa 



f the 



.■i nfy.iui 



valuable paper I have (with many others,) derived 

 much benefit from the many recipes in it. I aend 

 you the following, which I think may be useful to 

 some of your many readers and, perhaps, new. 



Pie Plant Wine.— Wash aud cut the slulks into 

 pieces about two inches long, put these into a stone 

 jar, place the jar in u kettle of cold water and let it 

 until it is sufficiently cooked to squeeze the 

 juice from it. To inch four q units of juice add two 

 of water. To each quart (water and juice,) one 

 pound brown sugar mixed well and put iuto a 

 cask. The cask should he tilled and a few quarts 

 left to add up witb while in the state of fermenta- 

 tion, at which time the vent should be left open to 

 let off the refuse. When it gets through ferment- 

 ing it should be corked tight. If kept until 



spring it -1 lit I"' Imttlci.l. This is full us good us 



currant wine, and much leas labor. 



Tomato Sauce.— Seven pounds tomatoes In four 

 pounds sugar; oue ounce cinnamon; 1 oz. cloves, 

 and 1 pint vinegar. Boil slowly live houj 'I his, 

 I ttiii.k, is excellent. 



ToiUXO Chowdbb.— To one bushel of green 

 tomatoes udd 1 dozen green peppers; 12 comuiou- 

 si/.ed onions; 1 quart of grated horseradish; 1 

 cup grouud mustard ; 1 oz. cinnamon ; 1 ax. cloves, 

 whole. The UHiutloes, onions, und peppers chop- 

 ped fiue. Put the toruutocs and onions iu u vessel 

 over night, sprinkle a little salt over them, and in 

 ng drain the water oil", put all together 



>d boil 



■lei 





drain the water from them pack in a jar mixed 

 with the above named spices and pour scalded 

 vinegar over them. Rom. 



How ro Make Bed Coiifohteks. — It may be 



new to some of the Ritual readers that nice warm 

 bed comforters can be mode without tho lohor of 

 quilting. I have never seen any in the farm- 

 houses in this section made in this way; though 

 " Out West" they are very common— housekeep- 

 ers there having to be more saving of their time. 

 Take the calico nud make up in the usual way; 

 stitch in a frame or, (as I have often done,} lay it 

 on the floor, put in the batting, which may he 

 thicker (ban if for qaitting, if desirable ; put the 

 cover on eii'n, pinning or stitching nil around, and 

 with j binii, -Inn, sharp darning-needle, and some 

 bright- colored thread or yarn — tbe eye full — 

 stitch through the quilt, at intervals of three or 

 four inches, in diamonds, Ac, all over it, cutting 

 the threads and tying each stitch ti'/ht, leaving it 

 a little longer than the stitch. If made from one 

 piece of cloth there is no need of binding the quilt. 

 This is warm and durable if mode right— warmer 

 than when quilted.— Mas. E. M. V., Seneca Co., 

 X. Y., 1889. 



Bnows DaBAn.— One quart of sweet milk ; four 

 cups of Indian meal ; 2 cups coarse flour ; J< cop 



molars; | teas, ufo. of soda. Will some of 



your lady readers please give us a recipe for ma- 

 king Bakers' Gtng-rhread.-H. H. P., Manhattan, 

 Kansas, 1850. 





ipnng 



new potatoes grow, take boiling 

 ]to a tub, turn in as many poiatoei as 

 tl,.. water "ill entirely cover, then pour off oil 

 the water, handle the potatoes carefully, laying up 

 in u dry place on hoards, only one layer deep, and 

 see if you do not huve ^ood potatoes the year round, 

 pitboul hard strings and watery enda caused by 

 growing. The neighbor I got my information from 

 ,ys he has never failed, or had any trouble from 

 tting or sprouting. Try a few.— /', airk Farmer. 



HowtoMakeaHoheHappt-.— Alw.i;. »b«i Bter- 



1. A dwelling furnished with cheerful 00" ' 



cheap furniture will always afford m ■•■ 



to the in'" iti i than oushi id ■■■ I ■ 



elegant m rrore aod mahogauy ; 





I ill 



l-turin-lMil linn 





