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TWO DOLL.VR9 A YEAR.] 



■PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT." 



[SINGLE NO. FOUR CENTS. 



YOL X. NO. 22.1 



ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MAY 28, 1859. 



{WHOLE NO. 490. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



BDB41, UTKKiJlI AND I'.VIIIIT NEWSPAPER. 



ET7E0PEAN WAR AND AMERICAN PRODUCE. 





btil 



mis i.l la. 



I 111.- \Hcj01V: 



/ 



lO hi my heart' 

 tam ivill lull ind tlio orphans' cries ascend to tlie 

 Lord of Sabbaoth. lit who rulcih in the Heavens 

 aud notieeth even tho sparrow's fall will make 

 : toil great waste of human life— this 

 wholesale butchery. Great is the responsibility 

 of those who mo in positions to exert an influence 

 t" W'-ii ■■' iv. ,,-.■, uii.it terrible will be the con- 

 demnation of those who through ambition or a de- 

 sue tti lyianuize over a, people compel their fellow 

 mr 1 1 in I in ii luiiiiiui butchers. Happily wc are far 

 from the scene of conflict, fiom the glare of burn- 

 ingciiiei, the sound ol ihe death-dealing cannon 

 and tho groan* of the wounded and tho dying.— 

 Ilnppier still thai i„.||., ,. in aomntry where the will 

 of I bepeopleilthe law of thfl land— where no tyrant 

 can gel up battle* for us to fight, or dl 

 from our doors to luy their bleaching bones on for- 

 Lol us feel grateful for the blessings 



of R ' «»vcninetit— swear eternal fidelity to the 



glorious principles of freedom— pray earnestly that 

 tho down-trodden may enjoy a like blowing, and 



,l1 " When "lit: (hull judge among 



. nid rdmkt ttr„n<j nations afar off ; 

 ■>"' ! rl " | boll bent their swords into plowshares, 

 and their spears iulo pruning- books ; nation shall 

 not lift upusword against nation, neither shall lliey 

 learn war any more , but, they shall sit, every man 

 undo* hi. vino and fig tree, and none shall make" 

 tn« ii i'.i " 



Though so far removed as to scarcely feel the 

 evils of war in Europe, still its influence is felt by 

 "'""'^ efOPjOM In limes of pcaco and plenty 



Europe feeda hoi .>wn people. The , 



dueein the principal countries of the Old World 

 is so near that of our own that we cannot generally 

 "port with profit. Occasionally a short crop, or 

 ■ome other unfavorable circumstance enables us to 

 compete successfully in the produce markets of 

 It, with an European war, when a 

 great portion of the labor is divot-ted from Ihe 

 ■'■'■<agr.cu.turc to the field of battle. 

 J™ nl "l^«>d«as,eM<mme S , which carrvdeso- 

 Utio».«ibc.r,r„ ll , TOto|M| fed, America is de- 

 pended upon to furniah the s „ppH e9 . »ot onlv do 



tZ w «" Mtoril7 CDRneed in war u " li ; "' J - 



J .' " " '"■ wmmenoed between 



a ions or ovon seriously anticipated, all 



1 BH»«toneetoth.wirt 



laboradvance aod u , 



■ : tod from agriculture. l u is 5(1 ^hen 



Hie Russian war was in progress we mtY'r 



Britain and Ireland VX>,0 b,,,,',, of flou "J ™ l 



OOOtnubeUofwhtataiid ■.■■-..■ buahdiofe '- 



ii.nt 300,000 barrels of flour 8,000 000 



'* of corn — 



'■ ■- Britain and 



1 



■ ,f corn; to 

 ' 



wheat M1 d 8(^000 bushels of oonj This eitrnor- 



rtinary decre„ e »„ our exporlations was doubtless 



» '»»'< «1 the peace winch was declared in 1 



announcement that war had been 



franco and Austria at once caused 



(■visions to advance rapidly. This 



.on of a foreign demand, and not the 

 result of a demand actually made, but if the war 

 mtinues, there can be no doubt that Europe will 

 rnish a good market for all the surplus food we 

 n produce, and at high rales. 

 We will noi speculate as to the probable dura- 

 m or the resultof this war, but a thought or two 

 ay not be amiss. Austria is one of tbc most 

 powerful nations of Europe, aod having taken her 

 present course, to retreat without disgrace will be 

 difficult, nud the terms she submits to Sardinia are 

 degrading that we think they never will be com- 

 plied with by either tbat nation or France. Nafo- 

 iO doubt, anxious to prove him,-.,!/ a Na- 

 polcon on thtfiddnf tnrft It. Defeat would insure 

 hi;: overthrow, tor the French people would never 

 submit to be ruled by a Napoleon who had been 

 defeated by Austria, or compelled to abandon the 

 position he had taken. It seems, therefore, we 

 nay expect a protracted, desperate and bloody 

 truggle. England is looking on, but actively pre- 

 paring for war; Russia and Prussia are in a some- 

 similar condition. Events will be very likely 

 :urto involve in tho struggle one or more of 

 these powers. But, whatever may be the duration 

 result of the war, we repeat, it is pretty certain. 

 tbat American farmers will have all they can do to 

 provisions to supply Ihe millions of Europe ; 

 this work will be a mutual benefit to tho 

 ■icaD producer and the European consumer. — 

 s will be advanced, and the American farmer 

 reap tho benefit, but the large supply we can 

 furnish, if we undertake tho work in earnest, will 

 ecp don a prices much below what they would be 

 I) withheld. 

 ith this view of the present condition ol Euro- 

 pean affairs, we urge upon all our readers the ne- 

 ity of making extraordinary exertions to in- 

 isc the product- of their farms the present year. 

 Wc do this not only because it will pay, but be- 

 1 nothing but increased production will pre- 

 very high rates nnd consequent suffering 

 among the poor of our own country, if Ihe war 

 should prove lasting. It is not too late to plant 

 q extra acre or two of corn, potatoes or beans; 

 r, perhaps, what is more important, to give extra 

 ttcntiou to that already planted. The prospect 

 s, that extra labor may be very profitably em- 

 ployed in increasing crops, and that Peruvian Gu- 

 and other fertilizers which are too expensive 

 when produce rules low, might be used to advan- 

 tage in that direction. 



PEEPAEING WOOL FOE MABEET.* 



Ms Important subject, Is from the pen of one of the 

 loneer farmers of Western New Tork-nzcToa Hrrcu- 



earsmadc. Wool Growing a prominent and profitable 

 ranch of bailnew. During the past winter wc had the 

 aro good fortune of spending a nlgbt at tho hospitable 



lcle.-Ei>. Eu«*i. 



How Should Wool be Prepared for Marketl 



This is a very important question, both for the 



ol grower and manufacturer. There are three 



ys of doing it. Tho easiest and best, is tbat 



ded a few years ago by Messrs. PBbkihs 



of Ohio, of wetting ibe sheep and al- 



lowing Ihem to stand in the yard until they have 



becoiuo warm,— when the oil becomes "soapy," 



requiring but Utile labor afterwards to wash them 



ol] Sloan, and shear in three davs, or as aoou 



a dry. Another way is to wash without the 

 soaking and warming " process— the way usually 

 practiced— leaving a large proportion of oil in the 

 tleece, and allowing them to run from one to two 

 weeks before being sheared. The third is to shear 

 without washing. 



The wool through the country is usually bought 

 by small speculators, or by agents of manufac- 

 turers, generally at a commission of one cent per 

 pound, with directions to get up a lot at an average. 

 stipulated price for each particular locality. The 

 wool of different sections haa in each a distinctive 

 character, * ntl u U „„ Q in marki?l a3 Vepmont 

 wool, Michigan wool, fte. If the buyer finds it 

 '■^ one ttlll n for a bad loiter, cents a 

 it is worth, in order to make his 



pound n 



s pound, he must, a 



of the next, who has a choice lot in good condi- 

 tion, for ten cents less than it is worth, and the 

 thing is accomplished. The manufacturer gets 

 his wool at a price satisfactory to himself, and the 

 buyer gets his cent ii pound. The operation of I his 

 average principle affords poor encouragement for 

 preparing a choice lot of wool for market, when 

 $100 from the value of every 1,000 lbs. is to be put 

 into the pockets of another as a premium for his 

 slovenly management. 



I have no hesitation iOFSaying that all wool 



growers whose clip is sufficiently large to euable 



them to sell directly lo the manufacturer, should 



e way firatJeRtioned. The washing 



and shearing requires less labor and time— Ihe 



the owner may justly be proud— and there can be 

 no apology or reason for refusing a fair price for 

 the clip. But for the small wool grower, who is 

 compelled to sell to the speculator or agent, the 

 matter is entirely different. The writer of this 

 article, with ti desire uf having his wool in the 

 best condition, and in the expectation of receiving 

 a price tbat would be satisfactory, followed that 

 method three years, when he found to his cost that, 

 instead of having a desirable lot of wool in market, 

 il was difficult lo find a purchaser. When the 

 buyers were scouring the country, the question 

 was often asked them, "Have you bought H.'s 

 wool?" Oh, no; he has a very choice lot, and it 

 ought to bring wh.it he n - i,s foi it — but we arenot 

 authorized to pay so high a price for any wool" — 

 and the consequence was, he has been forced to 

 the usual quantity of grease and gum to 



lake 1 1 



•<>Nt. 



ad lo: 



others from its effects. No doubt Ibe loss sustain- 

 ed was caused by washing, but not necessarily so. 

 It may bo accounted for in this way: being 

 anxious to wash clean, they were kept in tbc water 

 too long. Had he followed the "soaking nnd 

 warming" process, the very short time required 

 to keep them in the water would not have produced 



The practice of shearing in the dirt would be 

 liable to serious objections. By many the value 

 of sheep would be estimated by the quantity of 



grease and dirt they would shear— frauds and de- 

 ceptions would with greater difficulty be detected 

 —the character of American wool would be greatly 

 depreciated, and even the extra expense for freight 

 in transporting to market would not be a small 



But the question is— How should Wool be pre- 

 pared for Market? The answer may be given' — 

 whether the method lirst described should be fol- 

 lowed, or the usual way of washing and shearing, 

 there should be uniformity ia doing it in each 

 locality depending upon the same market. As the 

 oil cannot be taken out by the common method of 

 washing without injury to the sheep, they may be 

 considered clean when the water runs clear from 

 the fleece, and should not (unless prevented by 

 bad weather) be allowed more than six or eight 

 days before shearing. In doing up the fleece, all 

 the washed wool belonging to it should be rolled 

 up in such manner ns to give it the best appear- 

 ance. There is no fraud in this, as it is not only 

 expected but desired by the purchaser. The prac- 

 tice of using an unnecessary quantity of twine, 

 because there is profit in it, or of rolling in ma- 

 nure and filth, cannot be too strongly couderoncd. 

 Let there be uniformity in each locality, and a 

 consciousness of having done it honestly, in all 

 who prepare wool formarkct, and all will be right. 



DRAINING AND WIRE WORMS. -INQUIRY 



Ens. RdbAL: — I desire to ask, through the medi- 

 um of the Rural, of one or more of your readers 

 "posted" in the matter, some questions relative 

 to draining and wire worms. Firstly, then, I aui 

 thoroughly impressed with the importance of hav- 

 ing land well freed from surplus water, and I wish 

 to know, from some one who has tested both, the 

 comparative merits of stone and tile drains. 

 Which method ia preferable, all things considered? 

 I hie upon the homestead occupied by my father 

 end grandfather, and have assisted in building 

 several hundred rods of stone drain. Some of 

 tbete drams were built twenty-five years ago, 

 when Agricultural papers were scarcely known, 

 and the subject of draining comparatively little 

 thought of. Since tbat lime we have laid more or 

 less almost every year. Some of the first have 

 bad to be taken up and relaid, and others, though 

 answering a very good turn, are not quite up with 

 the apirit of the times, while othtm, still, (built 

 cently) work admirably. 



Now, as any one knows who has had experience 

 in the matter, it is no mall job to build a hundred 



or two rods of .stone drain, even when the stones 

 are handy; I refer of course to drains with a 

 throat. During the coming summer I propose 

 building about one hundred rods in .i lichl iufend- 

 cd for seeding iu the fall to Timothy, and, as 

 stones are scarce on that field, I have thought of 

 using tile. I would therefore like to inquire of 

 some one experienced in the matter, as follows : 



Are tile durable? Is there no danger of their 

 dissolving ? If a lile drain is properly constructed 

 of good material, how long will it probably remain 

 in good working condition? Willatiledrainconvey 

 surplus water readily when placed two and one-half 

 feet below the surface, especially if the subsoil is in- 

 clined to be clayey ? Some of my acquaintances lay 

 their tile and then lay a stouo throat over them, 

 by placing a stone on each side of the tile and 

 covering the whole with flat stones. Is this neces- 

 sary? It seems very much like double work; it 

 may pay, however. What is the comparative cost 

 of the two kinds of drain built in the ordinary 

 manner, supposing you have the stones on the 

 farm, and have to haul the tile five miles? Are 

 sole tile preferable in ordinary soil to horse-shoe? 

 If sole tile are used, is it necessary to lay boards 

 on the bottom in mucky land? 



Sei-i'ii'lly, I wonM like lo know it' there is any 

 practicable method of guarding ogainst the ravages 

 of the wire worm '.' A few years since I plowed a 

 piece of old meadow, and planted with corn; the 

 crop was a heavy one, aud I planted it again the 

 second year. The corn came up finely, but before 

 it had been out of tho ground one week I could 

 not find a score of thrifty spears upon an acre! 

 Upon examination, I found that these pests were 

 literally feastinrf upon the softened kernels, there 

 being, in some instances, forty in one hill. A 

 neighbor has hud a similar experience, raising a 

 splendid ciop, and the year following having a 

 perfect failure from the same cause. Why docs 

 this worm allow the grain to grow without moles- 

 tation during the first year after an old piece is 

 plowed, and then wage such warfare the second? 

 Is it because while the old soil lasts be feeds upon 

 that? Last year I planted nine acres of old mea- 

 dow and pasture, and would like to plant the same 

 piece again OS I harvested over one hundred 

 bushels of sound corn (eats) to the acre. Now, is 

 there any method by which these marauders may 

 be beaded and tlfe- corn saved? An answer to 

 these questions by those who know, will much 

 oblige an old subscriber and attentive reader of 

 the Rural, - J. A. t. 



Port Gibson, N.Y..1S50. 



HOUSE BUTLDDXG.-NO. H. 



Heroins we turn our attention to tho specialty 

 which was to be the subject of this number, let us 

 look over your plans and see if they are so com- 

 plete that the building when finished will he likely 

 to meet all your requirements and stand unsbiimed 

 before intelligent criticism. 



The general outline, that which gives tho first 

 impression to the mind as we approach anything, 

 is one of the most important points, but wc must 

 leave it entirely to the taste and skill of the de- 

 signer. The color is another matter of considera- 

 ble consequence, and one in relation to which, let 

 us hope, some one entirely conversant with the 

 subject will give Rural readers a chapter. The 

 cornices, openings and trimmings are to be treated 

 of in detail hereafter, so we will pass them by for 

 the present and look at what a stranger would 

 come to first— the front entrance. 



Have you determined on four or live broad stone 

 steps, a large stone platform, a pair of splendid 

 Grecian columns of the same material, surmounted 

 byaclassicalGrecian cornice, graced by ornaments 

 few can understand or appreciate, and distinguish- 

 ed by names most painful to pronounce, but all 

 made of wood on ever so cheap a scale? Let us 

 hope for belter things. Perhaps you have thought 

 of having broader slepsand a more extensive plat- 

 form, a magnificent colonnade the whole width of 

 the house, with five or six larger column! and n 

 great pediment above all, made iu imitation of 

 stone as before, but so palpably woodtn. as to de- 

 ceive no one but the builder? I trust not, for such 

 things arc expensive and give but little return in 

 looks and none whatever in comfort. What is better, 

 is a roomy porch, with seats on the side and U- Hi- 

 work above — a place where you can lower your 

 umbrella in a storm without the concentrated force 

 of a nor* wester giving you a dose of hydropathy 

 from the eavc-apout free of charge- > 

 friends can wait in comfort for the door to be 

 opened, or where you mar sit in sumim 

 family and enjoy the evening bre«e. To make all 

 comfortable and keep out snow in ttat • 

 porary door may be hung on the outside. The 

 front door will open mlo a vestibule I,. I.n.,, . ., 

 have one, or intp.tba living-room if you have not. 

 I will say nothing of a parlor, as you may have 

 acted on my suggestions and concluded to live 



without one, notwithstanding the girls insisted 

 upon havinga pi nee where they could rcceitcthcir 

 beaux in style, (This would undoubtedly be a 

 pleasant arrangement, girls, hut yet young gentle- 



men, if they are happily possessed of good com- 

 mon sense, will enjoy visiting with the old people 

 until an tarty bed time, and certainly lliey will loan 

 nothing by having a good understanding with them 

 before hand.) But, though we will waste no time 

 upon tho consideration of a special room for pa- 

 *.ients suffering from the harmless malady, love, 

 let US inquire if von have nude .suitable provision 





-ol a 



If r 



is the time to remedy the oversight. To be appro- 

 priate the sick room should be susceptible of thor- 

 ough ventilation, and cut off from other rooms by 

 a narrow hall, which will allow egress at the back 

 of the house without Ihe necessity of passing 

 through other rooms. Your living-room will also 

 be benefited by such a hall, as it will give your 

 men folks a fair chance to come in and sit down 

 while awaiting their meals, without having to find 

 their way through wood • house, cook-room and 

 kitchen, which is always a source of annoyance, 

 mid often disturb.; the equanimity of the presiding 

 genius of the culinary department. 



With this review of the [dans in 

 which a few of many points that 

 always >liotild be thought of, but 

 seldom are, have been merely al- 

 luded to, we will leave them for 

 alteration and correction,— for one 

 dollar will nuke an alteration iu 



:. 



ipla 



; that i 





hundred to make in u building. — 

 Make the plan as perfect as pos- 

 sible, before you commence your buildiDg, and 

 then carry it out to tho letter. Do not make 

 au alteration after that, without having the plan 

 thoroughly revised by your draftsman. This 

 is the only possible way of avoiding blunders.— 

 You cannot very well commcuco your founda- 

 tions without the assistance of your builder or 

 superintendent, and for thia office employ I 

 mechanic, aud the best one you Con 8 

 you have to pay an extra price, for he will 

 surely be the cheapest hand iu the end. Hoke the 

 excavations for the cellar and foundation Mill at 

 least six inches larger on all sides than you intend 

 to have the walls of the building. Make ticucl.es 

 under the cellar walls from one to two feet deep 

 and a drain from these to carry oft' the H iter. All 

 . i i- _n ..i a mn «or less in propoi Lion lo 

 buildings will settle more oi "-= i r 



th ' ht and the density of the cai lh beneath, 



»nd th.l thu, m.J Ml"« »»''""'' J" wh " *'" ,uld 

 rcceiT e v™r P ..rncni"^™""" I.»r g «fl«l stone 

 thrcghoul th. bmer port ol U» tv.ll, .„d 

 an B les liud «» ' P ro P™ b( "" i ' » ,n '"""" 

 -I t vou desire one way, and a balance slope the 

 oUier." [See illustration of section. j By Ibis I 

 mean have the center of the fouudutiou wull un- 

 der the center ol the wall or sill to bo supported. — 

 Your wall may slope on the iuaide three or four 

 inches from bottom to lop, and tho same on the 

 oulsidafrom bottom to surface of ground , above 

 that it should be plumb. This, if your wall is 

 commenced six inches larger than the building uud 

 slopes three inches, will leave a projection ol three 

 inches outside of the sill or brick wall, which 

 should be protected by a heavy, jutting water table. 

 A house or any other building made i 

 will not only bt UtUr, but will hai ■ 

 mean* of support, which adds as much to i< 

 as it does to the reputation of 

 eyea of a prospective mother-ii 

 to hare a dry, warm cellar, lay 

 wall inside with u space betwoe 

 commencing on i 



I &ftgtaff 



