£ 



28. 



MOOHE'S &UHAL HEW-YORKER. 



175 



t and goose- 

 berry boSDM "' ,bc caterpillars with which they 

 are DOW inTMlcd, threatening Dot onlj the destruc- 

 tion of the leaves and the prc-eot crop of fruit, but 

 the plants themselves, that wo devote consideroble 

 space to this subject, although treated of pretty 

 Dt year since. These peats have been 

 rapidly increasing for the past two or three years, 

 and now in (hi* M01JOD, nothing but the moat un- 

 tiring vigilance will secure iicrop of fruit, or save 

 tbeplanUfroui ruin. The engraving and descrip- 

 tion of the Oarrant Moth is from Dr. Fitch. 



iin. ' I asAffl moth. 



tbt middle of May, when the currant 

 buabes have become well clothed with leaves, and 

 have fully put forth their flowers, a worm appears 

 upon them, feeding upon tbe leave*. The worm is 

 so small and bo much concealed among tbe foliage, 

 that il il never observed, until it has increased 



<i, size. In almost all gardens it is 

 to abundant during tbe last week in May, that it 

 may readily be fouud. It is at this time a quarter 

 of an inch or more in length, and about the diame- 

 ter of a coame knitting-needle. It is of a lively, 

 light-Yellow color, and thickly covered with nume- 

 rous black dots of different Rir.es, most of which, 

 Kumined, are discovered to be sym- 

 Dged, and forming 



■ 



.,1 Ihi 



Il I 



if u d,i 



In lixe, uotil the middle of June, when beinf: 



fully grown, it in almost or quite seven-eighths of «i 

 inch long, and one-eighth of an inch in diameter 

 It moves by arching its back upwards, and spaa 

 ning off n particular space nt each step. It if 

 rather sluggish and inactive during tbe day time, 

 it i.i'.'lr ! ml. i ■! . and if obliged to migrate from one 

 But) to another iii pursuit of a more abundant sup- 

 ply of food, the journey appears to he performed by 

 night. 



Like- other geometrician larv;e, this may fre 

 qoentlj i"- observed with its hind feet firm!; 

 attached to a branch, and its body extended stiff); 



another. It thus often presents a most groteaqm 

 appearance, as it remains for hours rigidly fixed 

 and motionless, as though it was n withering iwij.' 

 ■l"ii. ■) ,MT with lichens, or some other natural 

 ■ppeodngo of the plant. 



Though the chief supply of food fur this inseel 

 is furnished liv the currant bushes, it with cpui 

 ■ \ i . J i r t. .,.., I,,.,-, v u | , | 



' '■' H iCOUrwithln its reach. And it not only 



1"' loevea of these shrubs, but it nibble* 



the peduncles or Btcms which bear the fruit, wonnd- 

 DJg tin ni to BHch a degree that they perish, and the 

 fnn t wiib.'i* wlni -I ,t i, yet but bnlf matured. 



iud, ami burying itself slightly under 

 the surface, changes to a pupa of a shining block 

 1 li " i' 1 hri« a as long us it in broad, and 



about half an inch in length. These 

 pnpto mi 1 * be found in abundance in the earth 



■ t the leafless currant and gooseberry 

 bushes, about the middle of June. They arc not 

 enclosed Id COCOOns, nor surrounded with any other 



■ naked, in contoot with theoarlh. 



h ' ■' '■' ,l ' '1 continues but „ Inv days, whofl the 



■ -lull cracks asunder, and the perfect 

 ■'■ i readily works lis way out 

 of the loose loamy soil in which it is buried. 



The Winged moth may be met Willi ft the ,,.,,] 



'"'-'"' ■ >tU] aft« the middle of July. During 



the daj time, with its wingafiUly spread, it remains 



at rest, concealed among (he biliago of the shrub- 

 1 ' I '"■' " ■ ■ '"■'■ i ifthe garden and itaconfiues. 

 - flitting about, 

 •"■I El in .-i ectire in the evening. It suddenly 

 Ukej n Ing, Qies rapid]; a few yards, and then sud- 

 Mj drops amid the grans or foliage and disop- 



t"' 1 "" ' i »i»w. Like many other moths, it is 



attracted by the light of a caudle, and hence frc- 

 ' l '"'"" v l ' ,,h ' rH l1 "' "I"'"-'d Windows of dwellings 



V 1 ' & »be exact situation in whiohil 



deposits IU eggs, I bavo not yet discovered. These 

 remain, it is probable, during the autumn and 

 ter, to batch and produce another general' 

 Worm! ths following May. 



This insect is so closely related to the G 

 berry Moth of Europe, that we moy confidently 

 Infer that those measures only which have been 

 found effloaciOuJ for checking the ravages of that 

 species, can be of material avail against this. Nu 

 tnereni remedies here there been resorted to; suet 

 " lifting the flnedustof soot, of ashes, Ac, repeat 

 edly ovit the bushes; sprinkling with lime-wuter, 

 or w ith decoctions of tobacco, of fox-glove, of alder! 

 " " e shakes of the bushes, causing 





is infested ; nod the measure enn only be resorted 

 to with facility in those gardens where the bushes 

 are kept well thinned by prun-ng. 



A less laborious mode of reducing the numbers 

 if our moth in badly infested gardens, it strikes 

 me is so feasible that some may be disposed to test 

 its efficacy by giving it o trial. As already stated, 

 the worms having completed their growth, bury 

 themselves slightly in the ground under the bushes, 

 where they lie several days in their pupa state, 

 and then the winged molhs come from these pupa; 

 and make their way out of the ground. Now if 

 the surface of tbe earth beneath currant and goose- 

 berry bushes be leveled and made smooth with a 

 rake, it will be but a slight labor, when the worms 

 have mostly left tbe bushes and buried themselves, 

 to closely cover the ground beneath and around 

 tbe bushes with hoards, or pave it with bricks, 

 should these be at bund, allowing this covering to 

 remain three or four weeks. The winged moths 

 on coming from their pupn shells, would probably 

 then be unable to make their way into the air t 

 would perish in their confinement. Tbe ellici 

 of this measure would be indicated, on rcmovi 

 the boards, by the numbers of dead moths on the 

 surface of the ground beneath them. 

 GOOSEBERRY SAW PLY. 

 Ir is only two years since 



'first attracted to this insect. How long ago 

 I was first seen in this country, or whether it is a 

 lativc or an emigrant, we cannot say. But of the 

 act of ils having taken almost entire possession 

 f our Gooseberry and Currant bushes, and of its 

 cry close resemblance to ! he Gu»t> In rnj S>nv Fli, 

 f Europe, there can be no doubt. It first attack's 



tbe gooseberry, but when these leaves become 

 :arce those of the currant are greedily devoured. 

 The flies emerge from their winter quarters in 



tbe ground the latter part of Aprilor early in M«v, 

 after the female begins to deposit her 

 the under side of the newly expanded 



-i iip|ii'ur i 



The broods of 

 occasionally from March till Octobei 

 est numbers in June. Sometimes they severely at- 

 tack the gooseberry in July and August, and after 

 denuding the bushes of their foliage, they descend 

 into the earth, spinning themselves a yellowish co- 

 coon of an elliptieiit form, and remain in their pupa 

 state till the following spring. Those of the early 

 summer brood descend iu like maum 

 course of three weeks, or less, undergo 

 formation, and again appear as perfect 



Syringing the bushes, ou the first appearance of 

 the caterpillars, until the foliage is well wetted, and 

 all over with powdered caustic 

 The operation should he per 



destruction, and the earlier il is done the better.— 

 Watering with lime-water has much the same effect, 

 and covering the ground under the bushes with 

 fresh tanner/s bark is also advantageous. Tbe 

 most radical cure, however, is to remove the soil 

 under the bushes to the depth of three inches, and 

 todig pits two feet deep and bury the soil in them. 



then dustii 

 formed at least 



L'th.d 







has been removed. Water heated to HO degrees, 

 and applied by tbe syringe or garden engine, has 

 been found destructive to the caterpillars, while the 

 foliage has sustain, ,i ., j The praoiiqeof 



striking the stem oftmiDuMi -.uddeuly with a rual- 



erpil 



I Till tO tbi 



ground, where they may be bruised 

 back of the spade or trodden 

 etimes attended with nine 

 bark of the tree. If the 



good deal can be done by hand-pick- 



I . ints similar to that in animals." And i 

 American Encyclopedia, now in course of pu 

 lion. article "Botany," tbe amhor argues ai 

 u downward flow of sap, and shows conclui 

 that, considering the great amount of water 

 oil from the leaves of (Rents dnriug growth, there 

 is good reason to conclude that sufficiency of n 

 ter for building up the plant is carried up by 

 sap, even allowing that amount to be little i 

 time, [1 was supposed that tbe "crude sop,' 



by the plant, until it had beeu exposed to the 

 action of sunlight, by being spread out in the leaf, 

 the carbonic acid gas there decomposed, the oxygen 

 given off, and the carbon deposited as growth by 

 Ibe downward circulation. But where is the evi- 

 dence that sunlight does decompose carbonic acid 

 gas? My reading of chemistry is not very exten- 

 sive, but I have observed but little to support such 

 ■ conclusion, while electricity is well known to be 

 able to release oxygen from its compounds with 

 facility. The author in tbe Eocyclopediacoosiders 

 electricity as playing nn important part in the 

 growth of vegetable matter, and had lie considered 

 the principal agent iu decomposing carbonic 

 gas, be would, I think, have come nearer the 

 theory. Sunlight wo know is important in 

 th ; it gives the green color to vegetables, and 

 iu connection with electricity, aid in prepar- 

 natter for growth, but as tbe decomposition of 

 >nic gas is mainly performed while the sap 

 rrying it upward, it must be done without the 

 aid of direct sunlight, principally, at least. Light 

 and electricity are so similar in some of their 

 effects, as to be difficult lo discriminate between 

 tbem. Electricity has beeu employed iu increasing 

 tbe product of vegetables, by raising poles in Gelds 

 with wires extended above them, and then con- 

 ducting these wires beneath growing vegi-lnbk>, 

 and thus causing a large increase of growth and pro- 

 ductiveness. This increase was doubtless caused 

 by the inoreased facility of tbe decomposition of 

 the liiis, a- tl:e electricity added nothing 1 

 It is a well known law of electricity th 

 body positively charged with it, comes i 

 with another body in an opposite state, it always 

 passes lo it, so as to produce an equili' " 

 tween the two, and should this latter body then 

 become positive to the other, the fluid will 

 the former whenever a contact takes placi 

 often positive and negi 



COLORING RECIPES. 



*' —As I taVo considerable interest in 

 of recipe*. I thought , would ejpn , M 

 '" * wiy **" ™»y perhaps add to the 



each other. Chat 

 in the atmospher 

 A driving, heavy 



storm. Indeed, u 

 may be fairly oscr 







niinually taking plui 





ring cabbage leaves around the" b 

 reported the w. 



nd lb. 



ni'h u n 



fan 1 1. n n 



of the stalks, 



es in public favor; and 

 recommended with cou- 

 ''•dhk'.-iii writers, is that 

 s tennd. This, thou k -h 

 e «d,ihe mosttcooomi- 

 H| »nd th P only ooe on 

 «Pl*Ced. Itiscoumumlv 

 | the bus,h, anil 



accomplished by sudden) 

 then with u forked stick 



i log those worms that have let them 



s down by threads, and eru.lno^ .! K -„, u-Zl'ih 



; requires to be rep eBtea 



Ibj be 



nthefirai 



^ remedy should be resorted to with our i n . 

 " s youDg worms are discovered 

 riogly followed 



leaves, choosing the sides of the 



fitting pluce. With the saw-like appendage, 

 for which the family is remarkable, the female oom- 

 leuces cutting into tbe leaves, and iu the opening 

 eposils her egg. The larva is hatched in about 

 cek, and commences feeding on tbe leaf, increai 

 ing in size and frequently ohftDging its skin, ill! 

 is about three-quarters of an inch in length. It is 

 now of a dull pole-green color, tbe first thoraci 

 segment being deep yellow, the penultimate being 

 also of the same color ; the feet, tail and head are 

 black, and each segment is dotted black also, some 

 having as many as twenty-four spots arranged in 

 lines down the back, while those on tbe sides are 

 more irregular, with one large one at the base oi 

 each foot. They have six pectoral, sharp, horny 

 feet; the fourth segment appears destitute of feet 

 but the six following are each furnished with a 

 pair of legs, which assist them in walking; they 

 ity of the 



ing. But, at whatcv 

 ibdued or we shall b 

 e most valuable of a 



. these 



Ml.: 



CIRCULATION OF TKE SAP. 



is. EoiTonsi-Asonec 



takes tbe 

 ■ r, I peruse ils instructive col 

 lly meet with an article that 

 founded on t rue philosophy. One such article 

 appeared in the RuJUt, by L. Babtlbtt, on the 

 circulation of the sap ! A reply to this, by il. II, 

 Barheit, was published on the 10th ult. This re- 

 ply is well written, and appears to me, with one 

 exception, to accord with sound philosophy and 

 the Jaws of vegetable growth, as now understood. 

 The power of " capillary attraction " is considered 

 sufficient to force the sap to the extremities of the 

 tallest tiees, and in the case of those gigantic ones 

 of California, would seem to require a power equal 

 to ten atmospheres, or ISO pounds to the square 

 inch. Enormous as this seems to be, there is evi- 

 dence that it is capable of such performance. In 

 millstone and marble quarries, the former one of 

 the hardest of rocks, the workmen drill holes where 

 they wish to split them, and then drive seasoned 

 hard-wood wedges in these boles firmly, and then, 

 by saturating these wedges with water, they rend 

 these rocks with great nicety and precision. Here 

 practical evidence of the power of capillary at- 

 iction alone, of tremendous force. This is a 

 beautiful law of the Great Creator of matter, that 

 lablcs water to enter even rocks and other sub- 

 unces, and under atmospheric influences to cause 

 eir destruction, and thus form soils by which 

 ganic life is supported. 



The objection to this article is in the paragraph | 

 i " tbe downward flow of tbe sap ;" of this 1 have 



Strongly as a heavy thunder- 

 tof the atmospheric changes 

 d to its influence. 

 Here, then, we have a law of nature, fitted for 

 the purpose exactly in the position to have the 

 effect, and suited to every variety of growth.— 

 Every sprig, every point of a leaf, is a conductor of 

 electricity from the air to the earth, ul<! 

 Wheeever one is positive to the other, the Quid 

 passes through these conductors, and having a 

 .ng affinity for the water of the sap in pluuts, it 

 i meets the carbonic acid gas in tbe sap exactly 

 where the carbon is needed lor growth. No neces- 

 sity for sending the matter for growth to the leaf 

 ;ed. This roundabout way of produt 



general satisfu 



'-ning tbemo.^Iu'vL...,, 

 pes that arc excellent for coloring old white bonnet 

 silks, lining uiul ribbons, so thai the children's 

 bonnets and hoods can be remodeled and made to 

 look almost as "good as new." 



Pink ou Rose -Color.— Tie up a thimbleful of 

 cochiueal iu a piece of strong cfotb, then take l wo 

 teacups, bowls, or larger dishes, according to the 

 quantity of ribbons you wish to color,— put a little 

 pulverized alum into one dish, a very little good 

 and the bag of cochineal into the 

 other, pour boiling water in each sufficient to give 

 the articles plenty of room, put them {previously 

 cteaned)into tbe alum water, rub out tbe cochineal 

 with a spoon or fingers, until your dye is good 

 color, then take the articles from the alum water, 

 and put them in tbe dye. Let them remain until 

 rose-color, or bright pink, ns you prefer. The dye 

 should be kept bot, and judgment should regulate 

 the quantity of cream of tartar. If there be too 

 much, it will not color well, if too little, tbe dye 

 will be of a crimson or purple color. The bag 

 should be preserved for future use, unless you 

 color a very large quantity of silks, sufficient to 

 extract its strength. 

 Straw-Colob.— Smartweed, boiled in brass, and 



ritha 



. "ill c 





- Orakqb.— Bloodroot, 

 with alum, will color a 

 easily faded. Old silk 

 do just as well for this color, 



Diiad.— If you wish for a handsome drab-color, 

 boil sage in iron and set the dye with a little cop- 



boiled in brass, and sel 

 i orange color that is nol 



t very fair, will 



ity of nature 



simplest mat 



as the Prim 

 lately among 



s operatiots, she always works in tbe 





■nly present 



;ditforany discovery! 

 of Humbug ou "Tei 

 i, does in his theory. 

 tbe views of others, but they accord 

 my own observations, oud so completely rem 

 the ilrlliculties Hut evicted in my own mind re 

 ing to tbe downward flow of sap, which I could 

 no fact to support, that I at ooce gave iu to tbe 

 theory. 1 do not wish one individual to accept of 

 this theory beeuu.se I consider it the tru 

 us individually examine into the laws of 

 ourselves; truth never suffers by ext 

 and it is hardly to be supposed that v 

 fully posted up in our knowledge of Natl 

 I may again express my satisfaction 

 article of H. H. Barrett, except the paragraph 

 commented on, and have reason to believe, that il 

 he will lay aside all previous theory on the subject, 

 and bring facts, and the latest experiments of 

 philosophy, to bear oo tbe case, he will coi 

 the view here presented. Wishing i,nly 

 vancc truth is my excuse for this essay. 



bright ; the v 



In the fly 

 uod y is orang, 

 i . d " cent - "nd! wheu"expan"ded' 



sof an inch i Q length; the _« 



long M the body, bristly, brownish above, 

 ne-jointed ; the rr™- r .t «. j . 



. me crown of the head and eyes 

 also three largo confluent spots in 

 trunk, and ftlsQ a i arg0 patch on 







at I am opposing old theories— theories 

 ^d in the infancy of science, when tbe 

 sof nature where but little understood - 

 when facts are required to support tbco- 

 i found tbat facts do not snpport this. 



Where is any 



videuce that the » 



flow of the sap 



is forced out of the substances of the leaf by the 



upward motion 



" and tbat thus a" 



ircuil" iscar- 



ried out and ma 



tter "finds us way 



o every part of 



the surface of t 



ie tree, "here it forms wood" A 



ittle reflection 





any one that a power with force e 



ough to drive 



he sap upward 



to tbe leaf, and the 





again to the roo 



against tbe upwar 



flow, occupy- 



ug as that does 





ood and bark. 



would burst eve 



^ li ..i il the tree,! 





material strong 



as India rubber. 







o infer, after the 



theory of the 



inflation of t 



be blood in the an 



mal economy 



Jccame koown, 



thai a similar circ 





»p took place 



in vegetables. This, however is 





be the 1 u 1 Grat 



iu hia Botan- 



eal Text Book 



»j , « there bj ro 



circulation in 



Tun QoftCOUO. — I give your readers a " Svstr- 

 !gn lUmtdy" for the Curculio, which irnny doubt 



Just try and report. Plums can be raised, that's 

 ertnin. It is one of the easy things to do, viz. ; — 

 Just calculate to have a brood of chickens come 

 hroe week's growth, so as 



mall coop, or tied, accord- 

 of tbe case, near or under 

 the plum tree as soon as tbe fruit begins to form, till 

 bardeningof the stone, and Ibe plum is beyond 

 m. The little " Turk" will not have many 

 ■k«, especially ifthe chickens are called, and the 

 ■ is every morniug or two jarred, and a few 

 nbs of food sprinkled around under the tree 



Nol only 1 







. but 



all troublesome insects and worms throughout 

 the garden, help ins; the i;aulcin.'i much more than 

 all the damage unless on beds. Try it. — J. P. M., 

 Baadathj/, Ohio, May, 1859. 



peras. Be coreful and stir the goods oftet 

 they will spot. 



These recipes are all for silk, and would not color 

 cotton or wool, unless, perhaps, we except the 

 straw-color. Yankee Ette. 



COLORING RECIPE, CRACKER PEE, &c, 



Eds. Rural: — As others of your readers ore 



contributing "good things" to the " Domestic 



Economy," here is our mite: 



Crackeh Pie.— Six small crackers, broken into 



■o cups of cold water, with two lablespoonfuls of 



ur boiled cider, little salt and a few lumps of but- 



r. Flavor with what you please. Stir together— 



it into the crust and cover with another. This 



recipe is sufficient for a square tiu, and is best 



when just cold. 



Jenny LtKD Pcddiso.— Slice dry cake and steam 



Make ,i sauce of butler and sugar, mid a litile 



flour. I'our on hot water and season. Stir them 



together, and pou 



To Colou Silk 



rain water, put lw 



auuallo in a cloth, and 



to get the rcouired scald. When hot, put in your 



silk and let seald, then rinse in strong blueing 



water, (I used Bristol's Blueing Fluid,) — finally 



rinse in gum Arabic water and iron wet. 



Cax any of your readers inform me where the 

 best knitting machines are manufactured? The 

 oU -fashion til ones have been in use so long, we 

 want an improvement, — one that can take more 

 than one stltofa at a time. HKil, 



"Cottage Hill," N. T., 1659. 



BUT dish of cake. 

 ( Color.— To a t 



o teuspooiifjilsofsodu. T 



HOW TO MEND BROKEN CHINA, ftc. 



Mf- 



Ens. : 



icturlng (ra9.- 



LniE, whether made from oyster 

 any soil where this min 

 Lime from gas-works is injurious 

 applied fresh, but after laying exposed 

 atmosphere from six months to a 

 injurious properties. This is oun 

 we believe it is sustained by the 

 authorities, though our work in the 



In a late issue of the RrnAt, is 

 an inquiry for a recipe for mending China. I give 

 one taken from my "Scrap Book." Take a very 

 thick solution of gum Arabic in water, and stir into 

 it plaster of Pans until (he mixture becomes a 

 visoooj paste. Apply it with a brush to tbe frac- 

 tured edges, and stick than together. In three 

 days the article caunot be broken in the same 

 place. The whiteness of the cement renders it 

 doubly valuable. 



Allow me to say a few words about "Scrap 

 Books." The cost is but a trifle, (seventy-five 

 cents will pay for a good one,) and the benefits are 

 many. Mine bas more thai) paid me a dozen times 

 tbis spring. I have an old cigar-box with a cover, 

 into which I put my "scraps" until an opportu- 

 nity offers to paste them in. They are arranged 

 under different "heads." The "Farm," "Gar- 

 en," "Household," "Stock," Ac. Many an in- 

 aluablo "item" is thereby saved for futnre reftr- 



Oswego Fall*, N. T., May, 1SW. 

 How to Do Up SaniT-Bosous. -Having seen a 

 call for the best way to do up Hue shirts, I take 

 liberty to say that tbe first step lo tbe perfect 

 ling of a nhirt bosom is to have it so made tbat 

 it ispottibU to iron it smooth. As shirts are gen- 

 erally made, it is on impossibility to get more than 

 few inches smooth, (by smoothing, pulling 

 th ways, and rubbing tbe wrinkles up and down,) 

 lLl , (tool of the bosom so that when the vest is 

 looks right. I do not profess 



of shit 



■oning, ai 



I liV I'liictic 



i kuach tbat c 



child can be put 



ictice aa soon as tall enough to reach the 



and will soon outdo the mother, if father or 



brothers will only praise them a little when they 



