JOTE 4. 



mooHS'S RTJKAL ®£W-YOR£££. 



LETTEES FEOM A HTTKGABUN. 



Ottu— Ooihadral t 



«. St*j,t.rn — ,s 



m-Th*Otr$ a- 



g 



months in my father land, and within that time made 



Hungary, jet bit notes on ihe Hungarian Life and 

 Customs bate swelled to such an extent that it 

 Wn mI. I Del natter of no great difficulty to weave them 

 into a series of two or three letters more. But 1 

 am afraid that my poor .kill in the art of weaving 

 might produce but an ordinary homc-sp 1 



Ing attraction enough lo be displayed 



:■'■■. Ki r.l .' 



will therefore weary lour readers with but one par 



■graph more al t the genuine Bfofffart, and the I 



■ Capital of Austria— Vienna. 

 In the evening, when the Hungarian peasant bat 

 ,!.,,», » LI, lm tn.k in Ibe field or vineyard, he be 

 Joke* himself with his comrades to the village inn 

 where, wiih the wine cup in his hand, ho chuls oc 

 the works and incidents of the day, and not unfre 

 quonUy/1 when no police or gen* d' arm et are around; 

 about politics. Oceosionally two or more musi- 

 cians of that homeless people— the swarthy Gipsies 

 — make their appearance and take up their position 

 in a corner of the room. They strike up a tune on 

 their fiddles and symbols. Tbc first gentle, melan- 

 choly tones with which the national melodies of Ibe 

 Magyar* begin, hove scarcely vibrated on the air, 

 when Ibe young swain, who bod thus far lain list- 

 less on the bench, rises, and as the noles me higher 



drill higher, In' eye sparkles and In-, body hegins 



to keep time with tbc music. Ho steps up to the 

 Oipcies, tells them what air to plav by singing the 

 first verse of tlie song himself, (the dancing melo- 

 dies ore, at Ibe sumo time, the national songs of 

 the Hungarians.) And when tho tender strains of 



i 1 loftily pus over into a more rapid 



time, bis movements grow quicker too. He takes 

 bold of the beautiful country loss, nnd the dance 

 becomes more and more general, assuming (bo 

 glow of passion. Suddenly, in the midst of the 

 donee, the music comes to a violent stand-still ; the 

 dancing couple remain immovable, as if somo 

 higher power held their passion in Tetters. Then 

 the music begins again in a sad, plaintive stiain. 

 Tho female partner slips out of the arms of the 

 rural swain as if she feared to betray her feelings : 

 by many a graceful turn she escapes the arm tbnt 

 WOold embrace her again, and tho two dance sepa- 

 rately. The dancer, as it were, relates bis pain, 

 hi lovo His motions follow tho melancholy tones, 

 giMiIn illy In-- approaches tbc hesitating girl,— and, 

 when the slow aitatjin lapses into the boisterous 

 ■ jfa fyftf. Ins arm has seized her again, and, as if sub- 

 dued by passion, I bey whirl about with nimble feet 

 mid ;. liming faces. 



Such is the passionate lore of the Hungarian to 

 donee. lie con hardly lislen to a national melody 

 of bis country without leaping up and moving bis 

 limbs accordingly. Tho melody it>clf is as peculiar 

 as the dance, which may bo described ns a mimic 

 of ideas or emotions. Tbc music 

 melody of certain national songs, the 



a great many other things n 



iwciiii ilu- duo. it nod his partner; it is a myste- 

 rious talk— a confession of his emotions — a disclo- 

 sure of his moved heart. This is the peculiar 

 character of that nio.il popular Magyar dunce— the 

 Chorda*, (pronounced uhardash.) There is no rule 

 by which it may be taught— as is the case with 

 the language of possion — and, hence, none but a 

 poo] Hungarian will ever dance it os it should be, 

 without rendering it a confused, meaningless pell- 

 mell. [I have since seen this very dance performed 

 by the excellent ballet-dancers of Berlin; but — 

 "blaaj me," said a Hungarian, who happened to 

 bo with me on that occasion— "bless me, if my 

 countrymen and women do not make it better."] 

 And now, gentle reader, will you embark with 

 I,.' 1 say embark— ror I am still in the 

 town of Gran, on the Danube; and though we 

 might m less than one-third of the time reach the 

 Austrian Capital by nulroad, let UB prefer Ihe 

 steamboat, as the slowness of the passage (the 



-' ■■■ -"ill be amply repaid by the 



i ii-i- mill ipiift of the journey, and, what is better, 

 tin- f«r more romantic .scenery along the Danubmn 

 shorn, It will load vou by the almost invincible 

 fortress of Omiarn nhn.li played so noble a pari in 

 Hi. i.ii t . i, i,,|iition. llml it surrendered only after a 

 capitulation permitting its Governor (Ujbazt) and 

 11 " !"' i" M'ek a refuge in the "Land of the Free" 

 across the Atlantic; it will show you /Vw«5ury, once 

 n "' '.'rii iioi Hungary, with its lofty hill on which 

 "'■■ ' , ''- 1 " l '""tioi..> of t),e royal cosUe (destroyed 

 in » conflagration, l-il.) tell you of the many 

 re crowned here since 



the sixteenth < 



ulury, aud who, nfter the c 



. would deal four strokes towards the four car- 

 1 points of heaven, signifying that they would 

 ect the land on nil sides; it will carry you 

 objects of interest u 



ion here. Besides, 

 ii will ■ 



b.-in c 



»tn«ed here and there 



flour-mills, Whose mighty wheels are 



at downward course of the stream. [( n 



the winter, when the Danube freezes, these floatinc 



mills are drawn on shore.) 



At length, after passing under several susp*,,. 

 aion bridges connecting the city with its suburbs 

 wa ane in the vory heart of Vienna, and the very 

 thai attracts my attention, as tho bock 

 Mmta me t one of the hotels in the city, is the 

 notice, " Hier wird Hnkege/ahrtn," signifying thai 

 vehicles should keep to tk* U/t. I had always been 

 taQghl to leap |o a, rifit wocn riding, (and such, 

 s the eoatom almost everywhere;) it, 

 ppeared rather strange to tne why thev 

 to the right here. But I satiate 



Intrtfa 



and so my driver hurried me along " over the lelt" 

 path, which, however, in this cose, did not lead to 

 destruction, es the Btreeta are mostly very narrow. 

 Riding in and about Vienna, ts, in fact, very pleas- 

 ant, as the streets are all paved with smooth stones 

 like Broadway in New Toik. 



Tbe peculiar method of sprinkling the streets 

 was another thing that at once excited my obser- 

 vation. Every sprinkling wagon requires iv:o men, 

 the driver, who simply guides tbe horses, and the 

 spriuklcr proper. The latter, with his pantaloons 

 rolled up to bis knees, follows the wagon on foot, 

 wagging right and left « gutta-percha hose, through 

 which the water in the wagon is conducted. When 

 I at first saw this method, it presented a very ludi- 



iUelf not yet being in sight, I thought the man was 

 pulling tin- ciujal appendage of some beast, while 

 he, himself, seemed to be pulled along by the latter. 

 After Laving duly arranged my effects at the 

 hotel, and, in accordance with the municipal regu- 

 lation, delivered my passport to the bust, I took 

 advantage of the clear, bright sunshine, aud walked 

 abroad through tbe streets of the Capital. The 

 city proper is only a le gue in circumference, sur- 

 rounded by a wall, which is now, however, being 

 in part demolished to make room for new edifices 

 and forts. Tet within this small circuit about CO,- 

 000 inhabitants manage to breathe. Many of the 



i fact, I 



» per* 



standing m two bouses opposite each other, 

 shake bands by putting tbtm out of tbeir respective 

 windows. Besides, the height of tbe bouses, many 

 Of which are from six to seven stories high, renders 

 it physically impossible for sunshine to penetrate 

 the lower stories. But by far the greater part of 

 the population of Vienna, which is a little above 

 half a million, live in tbe suburbs, (of which there 

 arc thirty four,) outside of the city wall, the largest 

 and most beautiful of which is the LeopoU-stradt-, 

 which is separated from the city proper by tbc 

 Danube Tbc beauty and grandeur of Vienna, 

 however, ore concentrated within the wails. Ilere 

 the imperial palace with its vast royal library 

 d treasury; its collection of coins and anli 

 Zoological, Mineralogical, Botanical and 



ileal Museum ; tbe University with its valuable 



collections; tbe most beautiful churches, thea 



rcantile edifices,— in short, tho Ufeot 



Of tho palaces, of which Vienna counts c 



Ircd, (such is tbe number of dukes, 



princes, and counts,) none arc distinguished for 



architectural beauty, though grand and massive 



appearance Berlin, in this respect, far excels 



; Capital of Austria. But tbe churches, roared 



hy Catholic wealth — or rather by the onerous taxes 



the masses— are truly magnificent, and even 



blime; the most costly nnd beautiful of which is 



e Cathedral of St. Stephen. This church alone 



worth a visit to Vienna. It is open from sunrise 



sunset; and, occupying an entire square in the 



heart of tho city, it serves not only the wants of the 



pioue, but also the convenience of tho hurrying 



passer-by— since, by going through the church, 



nslead of going round it, a goou deal of lime is 



;aved in going from one part of the city to another. 



3o not expect from me, kind reader, a description 



if ibis vast Gothic structure with its magniliccnt 



would require a pretty i| n rk 



BABON VON HUMBOLDT. 



pamphlet. But if yoi 

 ' residence, do n * 



scend ihe loftv, 



■epic of St. St. 



mpe- 



pect extending to some < 

 In walking through ilu 

 sirange peculiarity, viz 

 houses— many of th 

 ich is apt to mislead, i 

 Dittoed. Thus, I oh 

 reet which I nra sure 

 ises. And what is vi 

 often numbered at h 





Ulo e 



mger these often appear a: 

 and fearing to be led astray by t 



(icable, do not besili 



u myself sometimes 



il tongue will give you 



that you might tho belter acqi 

 glibly uttered by 



"hen you express TOW 

 L - », so glibly 



terthaniysterdie 



avc in a former letter give 

 k up the Vitnnuf Oaz-IIe.M 

 royal opera-house "Ihe Ji 



levy) would " 



ill replv 

 y most e 

 i "your n 



s coffee saloons, 

 A, and of which 

 t description,) I 



r) would be represented. The principal 



Urol the piece (Khliia, I lie Jewess 1 was to 



■ ven byM'lleCsiLLAO.who is herself a llouga- 



. ihought [,he»iaaV#wt«A subject, the music 

 JmoiiH composist, the heroine hersell is to be 



ted by c 



ofliccs and many hi 



t ob, what a crowd was there 

 it was opened! And what a 

 eucd '. nnd bow they squeezed 

 ickel office, and jannm d Un-ir 

 coats! I thought thai the 

 n any part of the house, 



cou d, without danger of being squeezed I 

 extend my Land to the tickei-huiy. H 



me it* t wished « *(an<iiri</-place,— there u 

 t to be had id tbe parquette, nor first, i 

 1, nor third gallery ! Such is tbe passion 

 - in Vienna. But the crowds, I am told, i 

 he less great at the other nine theatres of i 

 Lo aay nothing of the masses resorting 



u • li, I gut in, satisfied with s conveni< 



T A great man has passed from earth. On tbc Hill 

 of May, Alevamh.u Yds Lhnuuuvr died nt Berlin, 

 Prussia, aged nearly ninety years. In nfler ages, 

 mauy who are noiv thought gieat shall bavo 

 been forgotten, and others are remembered only to 

 bo despised, the name of Humboldt, shall stand 

 forth in characters of living light, the admiration 

 of tho old and the young, the illiterate as well as 

 the learned. He was great— his reputation world- 

 wide —he belonged to nation, no country— no con- 

 tinent could claim him. He was truly a citizen of 

 tbe world, and every man is proud to own him as 

 a brother-man. Ho was great, but bis greatness 

 was not founded on family distinctions or national 

 honor— princes and kings delighted lo become Ins 

 friends— yet he received from the association no 

 honor— kings could add no lustre to bis name- 

 crowns could not adorn his brow. It is such an 

 example as this that we delight to set before our 

 youth, who are prone to think too highly of renown 

 gained through blood and teors and woe — and the 

 honors conferred by paltry office. 

 HuHUOLnr, as has been truly said by another, 



is a noble example of along life well Bpent in se- 

 vere physical and mental toil, whereby the sphere 

 of man's information has been greatly extended 

 and enriched. His memory was prodigious, his 



intcllec 



^lllll ll 





er everything which he wrote he threw tin 

 charm of a genial disposition and a generous heart. 

 For the past fifty yeors he has been the Nestor of 

 Science, and has gone down to the grave bearing 

 the esteem of all men, nnd "laden with wealth 

 and honors nobly won." 



He was born at Berlin on September 14, 1763; 

 bis father was a soldier of distinction and a man 



,-l H.i.'lli. !.. II l'i"|.T.i-.- ..! ! ll. :i.-i ..| r. I|. I ,|.||- 



rich [lei n rich Alexander— this was his name— was 

 carefully educated by judicious relatives, and spent 

 a creditable career at tbe universities of Berlin 

 and Gollmgen. His taste for scientic pursuits led 

 him to devote especial attention to geology and 

 mineralogy. His university studies were varied by 

 excursions to tho Harz Mountains, and to the vi- 

 ciuity of the Rhine, which occasioned the first 

 fruits of bis literary labors, in a work entitled, 

 "The Basalt on tbe Rhine 1 ' in 17' o 



His fame as a mineralogist was early established, 

 and at twenty-three years of age, ho was appoint- 

 ed to the important government post of Superin- 

 tendent of Mines in Franconio, Having felt a 

 strong desire to visit distant lands, he soon re- 

 igncd this situation, and sold a large estate tofur- 

 lish means for traveling in America. After many 

 disappointments, he was at lost enabled to visit 

 the New World under tbe patronage of tbe Spanish 

 government, and in 1709 commenced to explore 

 tbe great valley of the Orinoco. During Ihe fire 

 years be was a traveler on our continent, be vis- 



it- -1 i 



soft 



1 tbe s: 



B Andes, and under a bui 

 .lams, pestileotiul swamp! 

 re the foot of white man 



capped peaks of 



barren deserts w 

 ;vertrod before. 



It affords us much pleasure to state that Baron 



Von Humboldt included a portion of our own 



nlry within his extruded American tour. He 



led Philadelphia, Washington, and our princi- 



scaboard cilies, and was personally known to 



ie of our distinguished men, and was treated 



wilh distinguished attention by President JetTer- 



He quitted this country in 18U-J, and returned 





eland. Om 





ipression upon bis mind, and he ever 

 afterwards retained a pleasant recollection of our 

 people. His published accounts of these travels, 

 attracted the attention of tho whole civilized world. 

 Tbe field was fresh, the power of the author's de- 

 scription was vivid ; they were filled with thrilling 

 ideut, and contained a mass of new geographi- 

 cal, botanical, and mineralogical information ol 

 si interesting character. His fame was at 

 tablished by their publication, and honors 

 poured in Upon him horn luoscieutific associations 

 of all lands. They were printed in seventeen large 

 olumes, richly illustrated with figures of tbe sub- 

 jectsdescribed. They embraced geography, zoolo- 

 gy, botany, mineralogy, 'be natural history of 

 "mals, astronomy, geology, climatology, in short, 

 every branch of science. Some idea of the value 

 may be gathered from the 

 fact tbnt his published account of nil travels in 

 South America nnd Meiic-o compri 

 olumes folio, and elevcu volumes 

 oats J2.000 a copy. 



ahold 



Of late years, the name of Humboldt 



more widely kuown by bis "Cosmos, 

 written during the long and pleasant twilight of 

 his liTe, in which he considers (aud in this view he 

 is right) all created things m linked together form- 

 ing one uuilorm whole, and allording evidence of 

 one great creative mind us the authnr ef tbe visi- 

 ble creation. This work has been translated into 

 seveial languages— our own among the number — 

 and is replete with curious, varied aud profound 



With the King of Prussia he lived on terms of 



almost brotherly intimacy ; and though his politi- 

 cal opinions were much too liberal for his sovereign 

 —ho was, in fact, a thorough republican— he rep- 

 resented Prussia faithfully aud honorably on sev- 

 eral momentous occasions. The crisis of 1848 is 

 said to have led to some decided expression of bis 

 liberal views, and for a time to have estranged 

 him from his roya! friend ; but tbe separation was 

 brief— the King was a very good man at bottom, 

 and meant well— he could not live without Hum- 

 boldt, who, for his part, was so much engrossed 

 wiili scientific concerns as to be rnroly anxious 

 about politics. 



Tbe Prussians were so proud of him, and so fear- 

 ful of losing him— strong inducements were held 



Fran. 



tbev 



of Sl.,1 



■vey of rli" Prussian- Asiatic posse 

 s would gladly have retained him i 

 mboldtwus too inflexibly attached 



made 

 erst and that 



i was happy 

 . After his 

 sions, Nich- 



Rn--u:i. but 



Humboldt was ever 



of kmnvh.'il^i' iiml this 

 sources apparently the 

 sidered every 





work, always in pursuit 

 1 was willing to gain from 

 ost forbidding. He 

 o add a little lo the stock 



i young 



Bion Notion, -Under thi 



correspondent itnda u* the 



which he stoutly Balnea, 0w tonor^hle 'nat'o'r" 

 or the farmer's call, 0g , Bnd ha(ll||i . 3 ^ 

 severely who are disposed to think it other* ise 

 I bad rather liv 



' I bad rather live in the vilu-. , 



i nlry, 'said o dashing young man. P 



He U#& farm "' 

 the marks of i; 



aid a well edueuteil man. He had u n, ■ lt . ,, 

 lUwledononeol ;ui, main road*, and ,\ ^ , h '** 

 .round lion bore the marks of 

 ■ ml eoiuiort. Kiijoynien 



■ HlilllL'llt, 



ful /'<«,-/, MU,," 



table, i 



Mlil-I 



■ .!/. . 



I'l'.IOtl- 



li'oMie 



pantaloons > 



open, and that delicious cut of steak? 

 ever think tha " 



I hai -ln-s\- 



tlio-e bronzed faces and 



Id have gladly cxtlijuged 



ami pastoral cares of the fi 



not often I. fc't 

 men of lo-da 



ing fields 



' lai mer 





i, but Nature' 

 I Uiooghl as tins young 



■lldciiie-s. 

 Vium. li,; 



11 Id 11.1 I- ! 



'""-"" 



isy from Ihe 



If the young 

 howling 





[irob'.sional chair. 



corresponded should remember that though 

 the farmer raises the wool, without which, of 

 uld not be made, yet it is the 

 skill acquired by the manufacturer that makes it 

 beautiful, and he i3 assisted by the inventor and 

 ; machinist, who make the machinery by which 

 is so well and cheaply done. One trade is de- 

 pendent on tbc other, and the head might as well 

 quarrel with the body, or tho feet with ibe hands, 



about tbe position of he 



' useful ii 



rilha 



Another is detci 



f ..-du. 



This i 



hunllabo: 

 igbtly us 



world. A young man who h 

 "thinking cap" < 

 nt,even should he 

 Opportunities for jmprovem 

 tbirst for knowledge is sure 

 W. S. we think is a little i 



ght. A good education, if 



'. blessing; but by bad use 



ie to its possessor and tbe 



his eyes open, and 



.,!./ /,,,,;. 



t are plenty, and a 



i be gratified. But 

 i fast in calling all 

 t think he is pursuing the 



part* think 1 am nil] ictcd. and wb 

 nl my sell of soon will prove my n 

 strong desire lo read new: 



knowledge. Every man w 

 teacher of something; every object a theme for 

 study; every event a new problem solved, 

 stored away in Ihe proper shelf in bis capacious 

 mind. Tuckerman says of him :— " If delayed by 

 the events of war from embarking 01 

 can expedition, he occupied himself 

 ing the height of the central plains of Castile; 

 when becalmed on soundings, be examined tbe 

 weeds collected on tbe lead to gain new light for 

 tbe theoryof the coloring of plants; the haze that 

 for many hours concealed from his sight the Peak 

 of Terierilie induced ingenious speculations on t 

 effects of atmosphere on vision." Our counti 

 i, Mr. Squier, who visited him at Berli 

 :ght, after a few hours in his company, tli 

 rapacious tavant b«d pumped him dry abo 

 Central America; but be was mistaken, for, befc 

 his departure, an urgent note reached him frc 

 Humboldt imploring him to say whether the pot a 

 disease had ever existed in Nicaragua! 



Between Americans and Humboldt there alwa 

 i sled a strong bond of sympathy, ilts early 

 ivels; his republican opiuions, and his intimacy 

 ith some of our greatest men, always led 

 feel a strong affection for the United States, and 



erally. It is not enough to si 

 as leciprocated by 

 ijoyed such j 

 7 as Baron Humboldt. Tbe 

 made to leave the Oregon di 

 pute to his arbitration was one of the many c\ 

 dences of the unexampled esteem in which be w 

 held on this sido the water. 



foreigners g 

 people. No foreignei 

 proposal which v 



in asd Body. — The necessary connection of 

 tho condition of the body and of the mind is mat- 

 universal and constant experience. Mental 

 iices affect the physical health ; and the state 

 i body, on the other hand, exerts powerful ef- 

 1 the miud. In treating of health, it is there- 

 ecessary to consider the management of the 

 thoughts and passions. In some diseases physical 

 and mental disorders are so complicated and blend- 





ied and profoum 



d together, that il 

 he derangement had its origii 

 listiirbaoce does not go to the 

 tbe mutual influence of the m 

 may play an important port i 

 health, The body is c * n ** fln ^? 

 tho mind, and this way of renc n 

 the corporeal beollh deservea m 

 it usually receives. 



■p.l|.i'M 



uld educate myself 

 labor, and without 



-spapers, books, and 



'(for h 



college 

 for a profession. Toil 

 by my own means or 

 any assistance but pi 

 old fogies, who talk c 



tbc dirt for a living. 

 foolish to spend mone 



useful sphere of actio 

 Niagara Co., N. T., M 



A Youno Lawtkb- 

 young gentleman, as t 

 Messrs. Em 



;. It ! 



delight in ii 



is well enough 



fuctllov. ' 

 ing n slaii 



a lawyer, and there i.mii be no searing me oui out, 

 for I prefer studviug am! learning to farming or 

 anything else.— H. S. C, Mvnroe Co., N. }'., 1350. 

 This is quite prompt for a little man. "All 

 work and no play," will make a dull boy and man, 

 too. But no class of people have more leisure time 

 than the farmer for reading, and as for study, no 

 man can be a good farmer without constant study. 

 As H. S. C. grows older, we have do doubt he will 

 grow wiser, and things will seem differontfrom what 



;.— Here is a letter from a eery 

 the writing plainly shows: 

 -I think I have got to be old 

 s for your pn 



liny ii 



*do. 



friend, fourteen years old. 

 many of ibe great men of < 

 markable incidents in tbeir 

 saying- 

 far superior to any born o 

 Europe ci 



-A young 

 sketches of 



,- Jives, and closes by 



si of men and soldiers 



European soil. True, 



boast of Nafolbon, of a CaoiiwsLt,, 



VlCTOaiA. and mauy others, but she 



boast of a W *sniNOTOX, or a .Ik Treason, 



its . h , l ,,„raT<vi.oK,oraSi.'n,T." Modesty 



tat virtue in an individual, and not less SO 



tion, and it is not well to boast too much of 



-atness, or of our great men. Of Washiku- 



have i> right to be proud ; he was so trans - 



v great and good that all we can claim is 



ledged by the civilized world. His rcputa- 



world wide. So is that of Howahp, the 



philanthropist. Such characters belong to no 





,i„ ly 



Codstbt Utp Citt Bors.— We hovo received 



veral articles on this matter, but they contain 



nothing new or important to justify their publics- 



Wc have already given both sides, a 

 facts in the case are apparent. All ai 

 either in the city or country. Mean, 

 vulgar men and boys arc found t 



sorry to suy, and o 

 Let all Youna Robalis 





jvory culling. — 



22S^5S^ 



