MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 



t. theyc»n be bundled and placed i 

 nd lhi-o theskiUfuloperatorcan bake 



''■>■ ihe In'ge ptut'crs, willi 



i .,,■ Ami for a Mower, 



[n heaping. 

 " s. OOaTBlIWD MACntitts. — A* wc bare seei 

 wi^fmcccsBful Combined Mm 



unODg the io dependent action machinca- 

 ojnoiig the old-fashioned rigid-bar machines I 

 noerhos been but one that baa oltamcd muck 

 reputation nsacombiued machine. Tbemdepend- 

 enl action gives the Kntiiv an incalculable advan 

 tago over the rigid machines in mowing, and W( 

 will only tuko up ace to point out some of its ad 

 The iud< 



ull.-v. 



eight I 



moment, thus adapting it to uil kinds dI grain 

 The platform is of peculiar form, extending bi 

 in un angular or curved shape, giving ample io< 

 fur tin groin, tDd permitting tbe raLer to deil< 

 it at tho aide by an easy .■.weep of the rake; II 

 fastened on top of the iron flngor-bar, givi 

 stiffness and strength, and allowing the cm 

 braocs undeiueuth to have a bearing from the b 

 Tbe platform can thus bo made both light u 

 strong. Tho common position for the raker on 1 

 other machine, is Btandiug upon the back or ou 

 corner of tbo platform, with his breast agaiu»l 

 support, where, by main force, he pushes off the 

 grain, To sustain his weight the platform and 

 support must be strong and heavy, and all mi 

 bo curried on the small platform •■ ■ 

 a)y increasing the tide drufi, nod every time I 

 lutlo wheel drops into a hole or pusses over 

 obstruction, tbe pole is thrown against the. bun 



friiii) the support flguinsi which lie leans. In I 

 Kiiibt Machine the raker is placed behind i 

 horse, (where, lie cim dispense with a driver.) 01 



ing wbeel, wboreit is most cosily carried, ami 

 the best position for controlling (lie grain and i 

 livoring it at tbo side. This position of the ruk 

 unil I.-. in of platform, aresecmedby patent. Tin 

 are tomeof tho reasons why wc douin the Km 

 tbefcr.'t Combined Machine iu mi 



"III L 





ON PLOWING DEEP AND SHALLOW. 



Id perusing tho IUtiiai., my attention ha* been 

 drawn to a number of articles on "deep and nhul 

 low plowing," Being an agriculturist, I wag con 

 sidorabl) interested in the diseusfioo, if it may so 

 bo culled, but «;n disappointed in not finding more 

 reasons advanced on both aides. 



Now, it is well known that whatever a man does 

 in agriculture, or any other occupation, if he an- 



bis laud plows deep he should be able to give In- 

 reasons for so doing, as well as tho benefit he di- 

 mes from it. Ouo man, in defence of shallow 

 plowing, refers us to Nature, and says that the 

 seeds of trees and plants growing nuturally are 

 sown, as ii were, without the ground going through 

 any OOursg of DUftge what* fer, e.icept being n,el 

 lowed and pulverised by frost. But his argument 

 muld hardly hold good in southern climates, 

 whero vegetation has a fur more rapid growth than 

 it tins here, and fiost is hardly known. Again, a 

 great many seeds sown in that manner lay for 

 year* before they even begin to grow, which would 

 hardly do for us us agriculturists depending on our 

 crops yearly. However, we will agree with bim in 

 pi. mm- -.liiillow, but on the proper soil for it. Wo 

 have not tho least doubt thut plowing five or six 

 inches, deep on a soil which has for its foundation 

 gravel, or shelly rock, is as good as, or better than 

 plowing it eight or ten inches deep. But let him 

 try 'I <-" stiff, heavy clay, and be will soon find tbo 

 In the first named soil water never 

 standi for any length of time, but quicHj makes 

 Its my downwards through iLe open sti ut:i below; 

 thus leaving tbe land as dry as before the rain.— 

 And wo do not know but deep plowing would have 

 a bad effect; ns tbe substance of ony manure 

 placed on it would the more rapidly loacb away 

 through tbo bottom, and, thereby, not be so bene- 

 ficial to the land as if it wore not plowed so deep ; 

 but in cloy soil, such as we have to deal with, 

 where if yon scrape out a bole below plow depth 

 the water will Stand as in a bowl, it is a different 

 thing — some other kind of Ullage is required 



Now the question arises, what is required* If 

 you till heavy cl.iy until it becomes as fine 03 

 you could desire, al iho m , rain it becomes 

 saturated down plow depth; in a few <j ay3 of 

 hot sun and drying wind, ii becomes baked as bard 

 as it was before being plowed, and n\,\ crop sown 

 on it will liud it difficult to make its way thro* 

 to tho sun — and when it does come up has 

 rather a poor appearance. Now, it is easily under- 

 stood that a rain sufficient to thoroughly saturate 

 and make mud of laud that has never been plowed 

 more than live Inches deep, would not have the 

 eamo effect on land that hod been plowed eight or 

 nino inches, which is considered o good depth.— 

 Neither would it dry out so quickly or become so 

 bard a* iu the first case. But we frequently have 

 rams tbat fill the ground with water lo that depth 

 «^ B ' roDdor 'Qg 't unfit lo work upon for some 



ed whit * * *°^ (i ° 08 not * <ia " t oT kcing work- 



« iu- very wet. To rrtnedy this we must use 

 the subset ptow, ond , by running that so as to 

 break the bard w\ *\ x „.' B . " , ° 



depth, allow tw w m . r ,' i "^^ below plow 



and give i, a bet* , *«?" *?""* ***" 



bottom. T "away at the 



plowed to the depth of eigut „ ""' ■ ? *** 80U 

 by rendering it unlit u> %rirt _„ ,ucb "' ther <- 

 affect it at all. k "P<»n, would bardly 



Another advantage obtained from decD 1 

 in cloy soil, is found in loceliUoa nibleel t ^^ 

 drouths, as is tbe case with us. It „ n i h , ""j 



. land shallow, (mporal 

 rapidly in hot weather, and hi g | 

 mo»t, after a rain the soil is as dry as before.' But 



that, although it 



hove it to do but once for, when g"> 

 broken in that manner, it never beco 

 ogoio; and in that respect I must dil 

 fiiend that advocates shallow plowing, 

 that ground will settle together harder, from being 

 brokl n op. HoWOTBlildo not pretend to udvoc.il 

 deep plowing on all Boils, for, as I bave befoi 

 staled, there urc some where shallow plowing i 

 preferable. For instance, the interval lands along 

 the Mississippi, where merely stirring the surfiu 

 of tbe soil enough to cover seed and keep dovl 

 the weeds is quite sufficient. But in respect 

 p'owing deep or t>h illow, lurnu-is must depend u 

 ou their owu judgment, und plow according lo ll 

 Boil iluv have to till. Z B. Cuoate. 



Aihiun Pisco, GUnfird, C. W., I8M. 



DHA1NLNG WITH TILE. 



FmttND Bdul :-In your issue of May 28th, i 

 inquirer. J. A. T., of Port Gibson, wish.- iii'.itm 

 tion in regard to tilo draining. Although it rm 

 be difficult for any person to say how long tile may 



i [.,,<>■ 



,-,-,l i 



made tile, fnm suitable day. In order to drain 



deep. With a fair full, bard bottom, pipe tile 

 tbe work wed executed, your Inquirer may 

 assured bo will bo relieved from trouble with 

 fuco water. 1 would not lay borse-sboe tile, 

 using BOlfl tile, I should allow it to meet on mi 

 nf sole. On soft or mucky bottom I would prefer 



As lo the "stono throat," to mo it is evidently 



my fiiend, nnd then neighbor, Wu P, Oiti.iv put 

 down two drains, one, say 25, and tbe othei 

 haps 16 rods, Ho used horse shoo tile, a* he could 

 not then procure the pipe. In part of hisc 

 the bottom whs mil vciy hard, so be laid in h 

 for tile bottoms. Afier plneing Ins tile In- covered 



rift s 



hould full, t 



9 tha 







tight filter 



id thus answer all purposes. The plan, 



iccunon of it, pleased roe at the time; and 



the representation of those drains, to th< 



St lie Agricultural Society, if I um not mistaken. 



for v. In. Ii m.i.I. J- : i rii'U nil. Hi!. .1 in. u /'■■ ii ,;■.■:. 



Medal. 



In order that Mr. Oitllv might underdrain hi; 



wlncll lay so low as to Miffer very much from sur 

 1 laid pipe-tile, connecting 



Inch I 



I «f J 



ti.lt- 



and kept mine thoroughly dry. In a convert 

 with Mr. 0. in Mareh, 1S&8, upon drainin; 

 (■poke of the drains above alluded to, both agreeing 

 that the stones were not necessary. 



I like &tonc for wull, wherever I may need one, 

 and especially for line fences— but for underdrains 

 tbero is nothing, to my mind, that equal, -mid 

 pipe-tile. n. w. r. 



Phelps, N.T., Juno, 1S50. 



CEMENT EOOFS — MATERIALS, &e. 



Dear Sin:— Beading the RcrtAt. of the 14th of 

 lily, I observed tho inquiry of P. H., Milan, Ohio, 

 .bout Cement Roofs, with a request that the un- 

 wcr might be made through tho columns nf the 

 lurtAL. Now, I have not tho least ambition 

 iear in print, but I hove un idea that I think 







11, (IV oil 



iveu I d 



s (if I n 



him for A/.town consideration, and 1 shall he bappy 

 to have him or anj bmly else controvert or gaintny 

 to me tho ideas I shall suggest.* 



I do not profess to bo learned in earths or airs, 

 but from my knowledge of natural laws I under- 

 stand thut iu their natural state all earths are BUS- 

 ceptiblo or expansion nnd contraction— that, if the 

 expansion is occasioned by the introduction of 

 ng tbe earthy parlieles, frost will 



that v 





upttm 



by repi-tinon will cnlmgc and 



till a passage is formed for rratei to pass 

 through. Therefore, judging from this belief, it 

 would be my opinion (but no cement made from 

 earths could be mude to remain impermeable to 

 waler. lint 1 do believe ihul a cheap, tight roof 

 and covoring to a building can be made from an 

 earth; but it must be changed from its natural 

 state ; heat and carbon must be introduced, and it 

 must become vitrified — then water cannot pene- 

 trate it — air will not pass through it, and fire will 

 not ignite it. If this is all right it must bo matter 

 of consequence, for if the torch of the incendiury 

 could bo rendered harmless nnd the fire insurers 

 could bo made producers, active labor would lee^ive 

 an accession, nod valuable lives nnd properly be 

 saved to their possessors. 



We know that tho metallic part of clay is alu- 

 mina, and that good a and is silex— that when these 

 are brought to an incandescent beat they fuse,— 

 that when so fused they vitrify, and when vitrified 

 are impenetrohle to water and air, and are incom- 

 bustible. Why, then, should we not do away with 

 shingles, aud siding, and lathing, uud adopt what 

 i so safe, durable and cheap 7 I have never seen 

 brick burned larger than about 12 inches square, 

 id tbe reason given is, that tbey cannot be dried 

 of larger dimensions because tbey crack in drying 

 ind that they con tu>t be dried larger. This I 

 ;now to he fallacious, for I bave tried it, and altho' 

 is rather peculiar, it can be done with 

 hen dried ns much as the sun will do 



irr coloring suh.Uucc m 

 plastic mass, and if tliey aro to be fastened to 

 leave boles for screws ; then dry tliein— i which you 

 will hod tbe most tl flioi.U task unless you are f»r 

 liiuuli- enough lodoitrinht.) When dry enough V 



ui fit 



he lengibo 



000< 



I Dl - 



mid 



will complete iho job. Wb 

 is hard us you desire, tbey will bo ci 

 particularly if brought to a high or inci 

 They i 





n a root or side, inside c 

 rcwa, and ifiher do not 

 unst which you place the 



hem they should he brought to one-fourth 

 an inch of each oilier, und ibis space filled 



highly 



carbonized c'ay could bo made sn-ceptiblo, for, 

 the cluy in hands ol the i-oiter," the sidewalk, tl 

 wharf, the gutter, the arch aud tbo puvemeut, tl 

 tloor of building*, Ac., Ac. 



I shall bo very happy lo hear from you, M 

 P. 0., and I wish you would bo good enough 



start nil the objections y -an think of to my pla 



and direct to Wu Lvuas. 



Moscow, Llvlngtton Co, N. T. 



PUBLIC ROADS. 



In traveling over and 

 in tho town in which [ 

 portion (perhaps nine-i 

 constructed thai in time of a freshet tho surface 

 water runs into the center of tho rond. I lately 

 saw a path-master drawing gravel on to the t 

 of the highway, on a gravelly declivity to 

 over the stones washed bare by the Spring 



the road so formed 

 tho wagon track. I inquired of bim why 1 

 tot raise the center or turnpike tho road. 11 

 r cr was tbat " it bad already been turupiked 

 t the ditches are al! filled up," said I, "and 

 ; opening again, and (ho grovel you are .Ira w- 

 'ti will only make it worse." "Why so?" saic 



s declivity." 



an isolal 



try towns. Not that I would say our country ] 

 plo ure ton ignorani to work roads, but tbey do 

 consider what they are doing, and so more t 

 half of the road assessments are worked out 

 such a way that no good results from the labor— 

 whereas, on a gravelly soil, like Monroe county, 

 is seldom actually necessary to grovel n road ot 

 to keep the dileli.-s open and tbo roud br-1 raided 

 ihe eenier in si... I off the water. a. h, 



IS, BEX-HIVES, ftc-BREETLY. 

 iitAi:— In your paper of April SO, 



bee-bouse on any plan. His too much aharbur 

 for unts and other insects. Tho be: 

 niiiinon, is to put four posts in the g 

 a pluiik, tet on your hives, and cover 



uud 





aplai 



The best hive is ILe old fushioned square hi 1 

 with two diawers iu top, six inches square by 

 fourteeu inches long. 



As for SvLvtsiEit Oavisti's bee-hive and bee- 

 feed, they are perfect butnbugB; neither are worth 

 using. If you think a recipe for making ihe feed 

 woriu publishing, for the sake of exposing the 

 humbug, I will send it to you. 



Five years ago I had forty-fire swarms of bees 

 and in two winters l hey all died, leaving plenty of 

 honey. They did not freeze, t 

 kill them. On you or any of jour readers tell 



VH-i.-vv.lk, I. 



, 1 -■''■'■ 



Nkw Wheat.— A small lot of new wheat was 

 offered for sale at St. Louis on Monday, tho 30th of 

 May, and brought (1,1 per bushel. It was May 

 wheat, and was grown by Dr. Dockeiiy, of De Soto 

 county, Mississippi. Tbe same gentlemen ex- 

 hibited the earliest wbeatut St. Louis the two past 

 years, also—in lb j*, tho 5lh of June, and 1857 the 

 36th of June. 



China Tea Wiikat.-Iu regard to ihe. Inquiry In a 



variety of wbeot to bo Injured by tho midge, Mr. M. D. 

 Covsli., of Pullney, Steuben Co., writes :— " I eowed 

 Ave bushels lasl year (tho Stlh and 251h days of March,) 

 on drv, gravelly ground. The straw was as largo as It 



ttiunl Spirit of tlje {Jtcss. 



louLDiTBB DoskT— The common an- 

 W ben the oil baa beeu 



.nd feel, uod the "yolk" | 

 a root of the btne. This 

 needs to be looked aitci 



the skin of tbo 

 Id he Walobed by the shepherd, 

 hould he done just as the second 

 ii.ut. The shearer should cut as 

 along tbe dividing lino between 

 If ibe second year's growth is 

 shearing, you 



vo years, tho wool is 





*eak. This lowers tbeprice. Besides, if theshear- 

 mg is long delayed, tbe fleece for tbe nexl winter 

 will be thinner, ard tbe sheep more liable to sicken 

 and die. Ou Uio other band, if you shear 6*/or« 

 ibe second year's growth has started at all, somo 

 oi tins \ ear's growth will be left at the outer ex- 

 ■ remity of the uem year's fleece. This remnant of 

 this year's fleece, will diminish the value of tho 

 ueit year's fleece, for the reason mentioned abo' 

 We B ay. ibea, shear your sbeep, if possible, when 

 the now fleece is just beginning 



Preparations FonSfiBAGiNo— Sweepofi'theborn 

 floor, scatter a little straw over it, und nail over that 

 a bit of coarse canvass, or old oil cloth. This will 

 inuko asuft bed fur tbe sheep lo resl on during shear- 

 ing, aud it can be kept perfectly smooth and clean. 

 It you uso low benches to Bhcar on, tbey should 

 ne prepared in u similar way. Tho place wber 

 the slioep lie dining the procesH should, at leas 

 bo very clean und smooth, to avoid filth in tho woo 

 ur tearing it with a rough surface. Drive into tb 

 outside barn-yard, sheep enough to lasl tho stieai 



a smaller enclosure, (a stable or purtof the " bay,") 

 near tho burn floor. Strew the floor of this cnclo. 

 sure with clean straw, that the sheep may not be 

 come dirty, if they lie down. 



CAUTION'S ABOUT PREPARING.— 1. Watt till th( 



dow is off, before shutting up the sheep, undet 

 cover. 2. Do not, if you can avoid it, confine o 

 greater number of sheep at once lhan the shearers 

 can shear in half a day. It does the sheep no good 

 to be long shut up, and tbe shearing 

 more easily und neatly if the body of 

 full of food. 8. The above cautions 

 weather. But if the weather should bo wet, you 

 must watt a few days, till it becomes clear, or keep 



can. For it should bo always kept in mind, tl 

 shearing should not he done when the wool is w 

 Sometimes in "calching" weather, sbeep tl 

 confined, can be let out to feed in a pasture n. 

 by, aud driven under shelter again, if a shov 

 Theae facts, as well 



of the v 



u.ploy.i 



rot goi 



hands us you 

 as possible. We would want "good hands," for t 

 poor shearer wastes more than uis wages, in bag 

 gling the wool and injuring the sheep. 



Mont qy SuEARiNii. — Every shearer has bis owi 

 way. We would not dictate to any. But the fol 

 lowing is a good mode: — Place the sheep on bn 

 rump, with his back towards you, and his leftside 

 resting against your left leg and thigh. In this 

 position the sheep may have "bis jacket opened 

 tbat is, the shearer will commence ut tbe briskc 

 and shear down the belly on ihe right side; then 

 shear the outside of hotli ihiijli^, then up, on tbe 

 left side of the belly lo the brisket ; nnd then bolt 

 sidesof tho neck, with the head. This is "open 

 ing tho jacket." The sheep is then hid upon bit 

 side, and tbe shearer commences at the rump, and 

 shears thence townrds the bead. Then the .sheep 

 is turned over, und the other side is sheared 

 manner, tlreut care should be taken in tl 

 iho sheep, to prevent his struggling nod kicking 

 tbe lleei-e tu pieces. Prudence and gentli 

 qualities that will pay here, as well as everywhere 

 else. A few suggestions must closo what we say 

 now. Remove all straw, burs and olber filth froi 

 the fleece, before beginning to shoar. Also wipe 

 the feet of the sheep, if they liavo dung on the 

 Keep tho platform clear, by frequent sweepings. 

 Use uo violence, and remember with pity the fears 

 of a dumb animal. Shear closo and even, ond be 



. i. ! , 



tho t 



which i 



u done by unskillful or careless shearers. Do 



cut the skin of tho sheep, or prick il with the 



it of tin- shears, When the operation is done, 



thut nil tags aud stray locks are cut off, from 



legs, tail, belly, and every other port. Leaving 



such tags is very slovenly, and gives protection I 



the ticks.— OhiO Former. 



Tim; B 01 ton CuKimtor, of the 21st inst., hi 

 the folio wing from one of its contributors:— "Thei 

 re many farmers that seem to know lilllc of tbe 

 nlue of salt for stock ; many give their cattle 

 t all, while others give it to them at staled i 

 als, say once a week or fortnight, and the i 

 ot having had salt for so long n i 

 at too much, which does more barm thun good, 

 have trough fixed under a shed, so as not to be 

 exposed to rain, and in a convenient place, where 

 the cattle can visit it at pleasure; and in this 

 trough I keep Rock Island coarse salt constantly, 

 pulling in half u bushel at a time, nnd as soon as 

 thecatllehavcealen that, I replenish it, andfollow- 

 ug this plan, the caltle will eat what they need, no 

 noro. My cattle ore generally very healthy and 

 free from most of tbe diseases ibat trouble stock at 

 Jason of tbe year, and I very seldom, if ever, 

 have known them to have any kind of vermin on 

 i- equally good for horses, and if you 

 would have jour horses strong and healthy, always 

 keep salt in their mangers, and you heed llHi no 

 fears of their eating too much if you keep il where 

 bey can get at it when they choose. Many cattle, 

 ,beu first turned upon grass in the spring, suffer 



nuch from lores of - e kind, but by following 



this plan, that difficulty will be entirely obviated— 

 least, this has been my experience." 



I ni.vr about DoBsaa-tTo ODlerrs of Ag. Boolett**.) 

 .arce prrrniums are offered for "»tjte nn.l ipeed " «t 

 . Fairs nnd Horse Showi— ihe speed meaning, of 





Why nol offer premiums 



VlTBBOtABT COLLCOB 



50 by malL Ad.lrees Lewis 



ta, commeneo,„- . . 

 .1 for ta.. best ph.* r„r ail wort 

 i; soil plow for Huh; toils; plo 

 I plow; combined *od aoD iu 



Pyrin ■!*.■. In any i|UBMIljC( 



»I( < 



oanbi per bu ih< '*. shipped loose In bouts. W hen want- 



.1, rat Ii- ittin-ui.t, efiy liveiily-tlve barrels 



., D . . r ■.■ sgrli littoral <■' eiperimcnlul objects, II 



the name, emiutioualy. so fur as my personal services 



value of sail 01 a top-iln fling f. r grain and other crop*, 



vice by faciiuailog any trials of Its efficacy fn tbat 

 reaped, within my power." 





1 correspondent of I 



igs on wheat boiled wllh potatoes, and fieri J them to 



omparcd wllh most other food for siocK-nn evil which 

 irnicrs can readily remedy by refusing !<> huy IL 



