

MOO&E'S RURAL EEW-YORK3SR. 



WHAT SHALL WE TEACH, AND B0W1 



It in characteristic of our A[ 



drive ahead >n •" the Jcportmei 



I. tins go.»h<-a'i principli itbii 



■■„n thnl we sxi 



■ thing*, m»j 





oiha depart ■'■ 



leed restraint. Tbero is do 



H fraught with 



Uiittos'i results, as id tbe leaching of children. 



parents are superficial, and in looking for the 



... ,,,,1 delving hard la rapidly Mouma- 



,„ costly eqoiptgw,— neglect their 



■ 



, consequence, the 



nofthei. chUdwisloWlyojer- 



I 



| display, bj storing the 



, l,o -. ■ ■ 



rnnuiM utioD. Teachers— knowing the roots— nc- 

 ,,,,.,,,,,,1 w ,n, (!„■ weakness "t their patrons-seek 

 1 incing them- 

 .,,,■ favor of their employ* 



nhodelig n the inilruotlon of the young, I coll 



Hon teachers to relied upon the OOW 

 di i, an Mtramganl career, lietbink 



you of tbfl importance of your mission-look ut the 

 , i„f,,re you, -the immorlul mind, Na- 

 irn,. ■ , i fowulBg ele nt, planed in your hands to 



mould, miking fon the agent of mm ■ 

 tiif y i in in- in your possession ihe casket of seeds 

 . tineas and happmess, Itisofpara- 



ii importuoa, then, that you ion them judi- 



- (J 



jtut i rqa-wtum Bow shall thoyl 



,,i, "«lnii ■ Lull In- tun -Iii ;■" Keen though it ho to 



neare the approbation and pal age of the most 



Influential, deflate not from instructing your pu- 

 pil* in thi' most IhorniKih manner t 'i*in im- 1 ■ ■- i ny 

 ill tin- fOOl "f the Hill of Science, make sure und 

 Itoadfasl OTOrj itepol Hi' 1 advancing scholar. Let 

 ■ I..- luuglit ;n llinugh it were .if the 

 Ugfaes porlain-e. 'I'll-' i:ri-,it,-t (unit iiile.iclimg 



i i been n I -n id lueeosston of studies. Tbe 



i led from letters to reading, - through 



nil the BueOeSSlTO series of readers — and attains 

 mieli a flippancy of speech and pronunciation, that 

 ii is really charming to hear the little fellow go on, 

 c-ipcciiilly if lie possesses a good development <.f 

 tJu perceptive faculties. Hi* alowclMB-matnerai 



; Imi.l I. ..ir i lli.' MiLipK'sl words, hut his "quick 

 neighbor" tells bim nil the hinder ones, while nei- 

 ther reads iindcrsUndiiigly. In a course of read- 

 ing, teach thoroughly; have your pupils obtain a 

 Ihcu a correct pronunciation, nod 

 i of what is proDonuecd. Let not 



e p.i- ■ 



.nlilyourcliii 



ngive 



i prominent words. — 



Onc;rupli\ is not hull k.in.cd, nnd il ' IN importance 



»■ in ii lull) ti'. ili. -I'.l, il won 1. 1 In- taught he tier 



(Iikii It i>. Arithmetic it to bo understood, therc- 

 i mi' icin-li 1 1 nmli-vniiuiilingly, -be not in haste to 

 lli.. thi mental for the written, — the simpler 

 branches for higher, but master each in its order. 

 Ml Hi,' In .■K. -i brunches in u y he taught "with suc- 



union schools— providing the nidi- 



liivnl • Iiiim' been leiinied Correctly. 



But 1 fear 1 hare already been too prosy, there- 

 fore will leave the subject for the present. In 



the teaeheri of our Common Schools, more Ihan 



any other class of citiieus, lies the destiuy of our 



.,iii , In I. hen nro reared so will the nest 



generation be. It is their mission to mould our 



i, :1 ii,.i,.ili[v, In eradkato existing evils, und build 



an editicc of morality They should moke them. 



and influential reformers. Let their 

 nun ho In-li, i In- 1 r wmk liniurf inn! deep— and they 

 trill 1 mid with the highest honors of the 



land, nnd the jii- 1 a|-.-.iol>,u ...n ,.i H-.-.i-. . 

 BL Join 





. ll:,M 



swill 



-engtb for future efforts. Teacher, it is for 



ju to direct these efforta. Toor purposes, direct- 



1 in the path of knowledge, virtue and truth, will 



d your pupils. If you are feeble, inefficient, 



lacking in that power which wills, and it is done, 



your pupils will be your prototype. How 



- I ha. 





ting 



, liii* 



I principle, and the i 



pn^-.""MTi^ a 

 way possible 

 s bis teacher, while the teacher deplored 

 llfulness of human nature. 



accompanied a teacher on her 



bad been playing truant It was tbe second offence. 

 We found the father ut home, snd immediately in- 

 troduced the object of our call. With tears be 

 make Johnny be a good 

 boy, but be will not. I hare punished him, and it 

 no good. If yon will correct him, I shall he 

 much obliged. I cannot do anything more 

 with him; I fear be is mined." A boy of nine.— 

 Wns the boy to blame for possessing a power 

 stronger tbun this specimen of a man ? There was 

 home will to guide and nid the little fellow in 

 purposes. He must use the power. Qe willed 

 do wrong, and did wrong because the weak 

 father did not teach to will to do right. Nature 

 teaches us to cullirote the will ; not to make it the 

 tool of wicked purposes, hut the acting force for 

 — E. A. B., in N. Y. Teacher. 



£l)c Hcuieiucr. 



l.l.T, -l,„ L . tO Si 



wuo are willing In ihtnk. It glre 



mowlcdga on o 



no port of Natural History now Drs 







cuotry. It i- a 











eat, loo, are rplendenl In beauty, an 





a Is wonderful. Their modes of lif 



nre wonderfully 



liYcraifled, and often exceedingly ai 







learlj divided i 









Entomology fron 



a Greek word of the same Import a 



iiii.-iiMliilily V 



Thero should bo 

 Look. Please lo 

 llioLnily Bird, p 



principles or present i 



otopy, Embryology, Mental 

 Health, Beauty, Longevity, Ac. 

 Hint Hie pbysleal improvemcn 

 and easy of accomplishment Uy 



N. Y., ISM. 



perf 



d by Daw 



physiological deduction 

 belief lb.nl nhytl. ,|,.jry i,- H 

 nfluence an era of physic 

 dawn on our race. From 



, nor ,.!,,.,.. 



THE WILL, 

 mes hlTI wo heard both parents 



hePuwihe™ 



i possess t 



It duty 



und teacher 



broken T It may be made to bend, but never, it is 

 never broken. "If John was not bo willful, he 

 w.,ulil do well enough," say the parent and teacher, 

 I1C0HS that crowns Ins endeavors, is 

 the fruit of tin- will, tlunle this heaven-born gift, 

 i.i.l ,l„ , l,,U in placing this firm, strong lever be- 

 ncath good and noble purposes, and much will be 

 accomplished, When the Will joins hands with 



B ' i 'i,,i Religion, it> power will be for good. — 

 Btrong will is the great characteristic of all those 



in the world's history. The will is the most prompt 

 and tocMre taeulty of the mind, and impels to im- 

 mediate actiou. 



It is necessary for 

 fira ue»s of purpose, th: 

 m Us pupils. If they tiud a w fu l0 mee t 

 faithfully, thej willh, n,. ri ,,,l U1 ih the 

 InglnlhsirduUos. 



I lure often seen this spirit cultivnicd in a class. 

 For insane* : Not long », n « a difficult problem 

 was given a class, with this remark: Who will 

 have the wili to orcreome the d I 

 tinder wa« struck, a strong purpose lighted even 

 the most indolent eye. The morrow came, and 

 the question. How many have failed • brought u» 

 many bands. " Then io this class there is no will- 

 lever to move obstructions. Shall I say you give 

 it upr* For a moment there were glances passed 

 from one and another in the cl 



i. 11 upon my ear. One, more excit- 

 able than tbe others, started from his seat, Baying 

 " I will, I *Ul bare it," and more than one heart 

 responded, aye. The nextrecitation did not bring 

 >■ gnat river of the will passed the 

 barrier, and in ita right channel moved on towards 

 of power. It is not one Unci* gained. 



Books Received. 



" New r York 8 * V?. 





x n z e bl * 



VR-ITALY. 



Tub accounts published in the papers of the silu- 

 tion and movements of the two great armies now 

 menacing each other in Italy and awaiting the 

 int of deadly combat are mainly uuintelligi- 

 ad, therefore, uninteresting. This arises from 

 the fact that but few arc familiar with the geography 

 of the county, or even the names of the towns and 

 , and therefore when it is slated that tbe Aus- 

 i bad retreated from Vercelli or that Napolean 

 had arrived at Alessandria, and as soon as he 

 reached Casole il was expected active operations 

 would be commenced, no idea is conveyed to the 

 mind of the movements of the troops or the advan- 

 tages gained or lost by either. To aid in making 

 latter clear, so that hereafter all we publish 

 e subject may be well understood, we have 

 prepared a map of Northern and Central Italy, tbe 

 of the war. For the sake of clearness we omit 

 small and comparatively unimportant places, 

 giving only those likely to be mentioned in the 

 nts given of the progress of the conflict. 



■ divisions of It,\lv, as shown in our map, are 

 Lomlmnli/, PUtii ■/,!, S-n ,<;/, P,tmui, M'^hnu, 'fin- 

 ny, de. Lomhunly belongs to Austria ; I'orma, 

 "bdtna, Ivteany, Ac., are independent States. 

 The Government of Sur.lhr.i embraces Piedmont 

 and Savoy as shown on the map, and tbe islaud of 

 Sardinia, South of Corsica, which is not shown. 

 The Eustern portion of Piedmont is a part of tbe 

 great plain of Lombardy, and is divided from 

 Lombardy proper by the Ticino river. On the 

 West it is enclosed by the Alps nod Appenines. 

 Savoy contains about 000,000 inhabitants, and a 

 little over 400,000 square miles. The country is 

 nountainous and infertile. Suvoy aud Pudmont 

 :ontuin about 5,000,000 inhabitants, and keep a 

 itnnding nrroy of 00,000. 



i;i.v, the capital of Pardina is situated on the 

 ,..,r, 79 miles South-West of Jfl&n, ItlieBin 

 :h aud well-watered plain, studded with fine 

 residences. Population about 150,000. 



oa is the next city in importance, and is sit- 

 uated on the Gulf of ilmoa, (Mediterranean sen.l 

 i strongly furliGed seaport, containing over 

 lOiVinO inhabitants, and is 70 miles South-East of 

 Turin. 



Af'-wandria is a fortified town -ll! miles South- 

 East of Turin, and nearly the same distance North 

 of Genoa. Population, including suburbs, 40,000. 

 Martara is about '.'5 miles North-East of Ale.tsan- 

 dri'i. It is forti6ed, but contains only about 0,000 

 inhabitants, as it is considered unhealthy on account 

 of the miasma arising from the rice-Gelda with 

 which it is surrounded. 



Casale is a city of over 20,000, on the river Po, 

 38 miles North-East of Turin, and about 20 Soulh- 

 West of Mortara. 



Vercelli, (shown by a star in the map,) is on 

 the right bank of the 5'Wa river, 14 miles North of 

 Casale. Population about 20,000. 



Suta is a small town about 80 miles West of 

 Turin, at the junction of tin* pi nn ijuil routes across 



The principal river of Italy is the Po. It rises 

 in Monte Viso, flows East in n tortuous course nnd 

 empties into the Adriatic. Length 340 miles. In 

 many parts it is above the neighboring plains, and 

 care is necessary to prevent inundations. 



The 7Yein<iisl25 miles in length, rises inSwilzer 

 land and empties into tbe Po, forming the boundary 

 between Pitdmont and Lombard;/. The Setfa is a 

 small stream about 30 miles West of the Tkino, 

 and empties into the Po near Casale. 



The Dora is a small stream rising in the Alps, 

 running East and Soutb-East for about 90 miles, 

 <mptying into the TV about 20 mileaEastof Turin. 



i line receives its rcinforee- 



EISE AND FALL OF T.ATTE ONTARIO. 



That there should be variations in the surfuce 

 the Lake, sometimes higher and a! others lower, 

 is to be expected. They have long been noticed. 

 Uut, the ab-ence nf any regular und continued 

 of the fluctuations, has permitted the 

 of many absurd notions. One of these 

 as the notion of a regular rise for several years, 

 id then a regular full lor about as many more. 

 For tbe last thirteen years the variation;, him- 

 -en measured for every month, at the mouth of 

 ie Genesee. They are given in the following ta- 

 ble. They show the above notion to be baseless. 

 They exhibit also n regularity in the lime of high- 

 and lowest level in each year, subject to a 

 diflerence depending on the quantity of water in 

 7, on the great water-shed which 

 passes through the great chain of Lakes to the 



Then 



and t 



', the 



iigher is the lake, and vice versa, while in other 

 rears the level is nearer the mean. To this should 

 je added the small difference in the quantity of 

 .filter evaporated in different years. A3 Lake On- 

 tario is the eastern of this chain of great Lakes, 

 :he variation of level must generally be later than 

 ;bat in Luke Erie and the Western Lakes. Tbe 

 -angc in the year, and (he greatest nod least level 

 in several years is shown to be about the same in 

 all the lakes as far west as Sault St. Marie. The 

 table will be readily understood. 



e 

 s 



1 



Is 



1 



si 



111 

 Ii * 



1 \ i 

 if 



\ i- - s \ s i 



ifciffiiifi 









2 



: £ I 



. 



• 



| 388-33j|fti8<S8S'* 



■'. 



\ fic^S&SSXSSSS 10 



■., 



-'->~;r>£SS3~ 



s 



\ 1 -/:.-,-£ = -3353552 3 



Jlsssasssssssss 



- 



|I^SS?33SS3SS2 



' 



1 1 a-sa&wss 



7- '■ - '■■ t ■?■?■"',-■■,' : ; : ;-;' : ; : 'r 



■ 







STUDY AUD LAB0B. 



IX look.ng over the It, „. u of Mliy uth.Isiw 

 that there was a qucation opened for discussion 

 for Ihe -i oung Ruralista. M r [ D& 01le of tbat da53i 

 I will contribute my mite to auauin the question. 

 The question, ■• Can a man be holh . , (nd „ t „ d 

 a tanner at the same time," U a tery sensible one. 

 To sustain my position, I would reason from the 

 two-fold nature of man. He is a phy.Koi Au ^ an 

 intellectual being. The development of boththeso 

 parU is necessary to form a man. I 

 labor is necessary to develop the body ; study de- 

 velops the mind. The question is, "whether wo 

 combine the two so as to make the labor 

 both profitable nr.d pleasant." The experience of 

 Vinton seems to prove the negative of tl 

 at least to him. If he had examined Ihe Milijccl, 

 or rather himtrff, a litllo closer, before he had 

 come to his conclusions, perhaps he would have 

 found other thing* that tended to make bis experi- 

 ce prove as it did; not so much the dote study, 

 the little carelessness which he manifested, 

 iV certain degree of common sense is necessary 

 choose what studies we ought to follow with our 

 ■ining; and also Ihe time io pursue these studies. 

 Forafarmcrto study medicine or law, and then 

 attempt its practice, :it the .-Dine time that he was 

 ng on his farm, his sncce»-s utvjht not bo with 

 prolit or pleasure. We see that here is a wrong 

 combination of the two. But to give up study 

 ilh'ih/, simply because men sometimes make mis- 

 Jtfls in their choice of studies, would be like giving 

 p trying to do right because some men will do 



rong. If we should -lu.|y a iliiu ; ; that would 



Id to the interest of fanning, at a time when wo 

 ivc leisure, and not when ;mr mind is busily en- 

 jged in business, so us to forget business entirely, 

 e would find that wo could make farming both 

 profitable and pleasant. Dua.vs. 



mpey.N. Y., 1S59. 



THE SUPPLY OF STBEAMS. 



is. Eds.:— My views about the supplj 

 i are different from those in a late num 

 of the Yoi'Nfi Ri'Uai.ist. Ruins and auow c 

 ribute Io the HUpply uf sln-nni. hut their const 

 supply is from a depth, the w. 

 nipply of rivers bus not the appearanco of ir 

 ng down an inclined plane, like flooding astro 

 is it would be were streams supplied from i 



valoi 



,aysn 





ialt 



water made it fresh. The Altering process carried 

 on by the Mediterranean Sea, us described iu the 

 YuiiNO Ruralist, will make Bait water fresh, ir 

 , hi i ,1 inland farther. Inland seas in depressed 

 valleys are suit, for the reason that fresh water 

 goes up to higher fountains, not by capillary at- 

 traction, but by the weight of tbe land. Laud is 

 heavier than water. Water is fluid, and rises to 

 an equilibrium with the land. Fresh water is 

 lighter than salt water and will use higher. 



Water stands near tbe surface all over the land, 

 and tbe influence that governs the tides of the 

 ocean, keeps it flowing or issuing. Thus ore 

 springs, lakes and rivers supplied.-— W. M. Mason, 

 Polo, IU. 



Ren auks.— Tbe above contains some very curi- 

 ous statements, to which we call the attention of 

 our young friends. Are they well founded, or con- 

 tradicted by science and experience? 



WRITING. 



aplly l! 



ik rightly Is of 



pp. «■&] New -< 

 Tn-s Piaoiorrs St-os 



Composition," "Hi 



le*» rt/mo.- 

 E Co. gold by 





■pp. ISA] Sold hy Dimnr. 

 and Social Conseque 



Mimher of in, Inslitul-- .,f Franc*, 

 om the French, with Preface, by R 

 B»q. New Tort : D. Applelon Jt 



Lectures ( 



1.] Sold by Daw*- 



Bjj 





eh (Sew York.) [16mo.— 

 ii. Liac ,ln. For sale by 



rOT«L fly Aj-rmosT Tr.OLL-: 



l*i T.-w.'rs." -Il...K.r Tlmrr 

 ■S.J New York : Harper Jj B 



ByOuvnBcxcE. [lamo. 

 Eudd & CarlcUn. Dn.iv. 





, crossed Ihe 

 ) Piedmont, with an army said to 



r 100,000 Strong, and advanced westward 



r Sesia, thirty miles into the Sa 







ilesof that capital. Tbe object of 

 the Austrinns was supposed to be to take Turin 

 before the French could furnish their allies aid. 

 Iu this they were checked by heavy rains, which 

 swelled the rivers and flooded the flat country, as 

 well as by the rapid movements ot tbe French, who 

 soon had an army sufficient to intercept their foes, 

 with some confidence of success should an engage- 

 ment take place. About tbe 10th of May they 

 retreated from Vercelli, re-crossed the Sesia river, 

 nnd fell back about 20 miles, to Mortara, which is 

 only 25 miles North-East of Alessandria, whore 



Raw 



1 I:. St .1 



The French and Sardinian* at the outset estab- 

 lished themselves in two lines nt right-angles with 

 each other, the one on the Dora, a little river, about 

 CO miles west of the .S •''<■ " nJ emptying into the /*», 

 about l:, miles North-East of Turin This position 

 seems to be well chosen to protect the capital, 

 while it was convenient for reinforcements from 

 France over the Alf, by the way of ,V-_.„. The 



1. That the lowest was in February, ls.'J, and 

 the highest in August, 1658, making the greatest 

 range of the thirteen years to be 51 inches, and 

 that the lowest in 1867, was only a little greater 

 than in Feb., 1840, in Nov,, 184S, in March, 1B49, 

 in Nov., IB50, in Feb. and Nov., 1851, in Feb., 1852, 

 in Dec, 1S54, in Feb., 1855, and in Nov. and Dec, 

 1850. 



2. That the level has been very high only in 

 8u7 and 185S. 



3. That the range was far the greatest in 1357, 

 ittle more than one-third as much in 1858, when 



the lake was high, and still less in 18*16 when the 

 was low through the year. 

 That the summer months generally have the 



These results will satisfy some inquiries made 

 i correspondent, and render absurd any 

 tempted compari 



, with the 



of Lukes 



Rasos and Hb.art9.— The author says that to 

 large hands belong the spirit of minuUe and of 

 detail; Frederick I. of Prussia, curnamed the 

 King Corporal, bad large hands. To moderate- 

 sized hands belong tbe conception of details and 

 of the whole; such were those of Waller .vott, 

 Mnntcsquiu, Tasso, Racine, CorneiHe, We.-i, Leih- 

 nitz, Ac. A -subtle nnd disputation- spirit is con- 

 nected with small hands baring delicnl<-' I tigers. 



nriiSL « atuaio. i << < ' „ m ,,,,lcd p„'ni,-, I.--I 

 doing, not --o much by Ui-< ' , ■ ^,,,-n . ni . 



hvtii.iiMif-ti.ii-i-i-'*; 1 -;;;; i;] t ,. ll -, l , eC(Jvir , eof 



''■"-•'"--V 1 ' 1 '"•"-''' li.bi In- well debm-d pur- 



a man s lite, not > -_ fynllfcd ,,| iin ,, the faint dav 

 d^tamsV^ichare bang in all the chambers of hia 



What a mullum in parvo is contained io the 

 words *' lo write aptly is of practice." Writing is 

 said to be the "world's messenger." Through its 

 medium wo arc enabled to treasure up Ihe wisdom of 

 the present generation and hand it down to genera- 

 tions yet to come. Through ita medium we are 

 enabled to drink at the fountain of ktiowlcdge, 

 learn of nations and governments that were, but 

 are no more; nations once second to none, now 

 known only in history. Uy it we are enabled to 

 chain the mighty thought ere it escapes from the 

 mind, and its foot-prints are forever erased from 

 the tablets of the memory. " No talent among 

 men hath more scholars and fewer masters. 

 Many there ore who have dabbled in both poetry 

 and prose, and yet have never become very pro- 

 licietit in either, for want of thai "practice' 

 makes perfect. How many t 



•which 



. -III,,. 



Th.il n 



fluently and learnedly upon the 

 day that are mere novices at writing, 

 ment, more powerful than the sword-me peu-u 

 wielded but by few successfully. 



A Wonn roa~FA^ UoTS-Boye, improve 

 the moments which von catch for reading some- 

 thing useful. However busy you may be-plnnt- 

 iog, cultivating, baying, harvesting-find some- 

 , !_ tt itic twenty-four hours lor reading some 

 which will do you good in future life. Ten 

 -lea eac b, day, for the sis working days of the 

 week give you one hour. Sands make tbe moun- 

 tain minutes the year.— J. R. J. 



Ql-ESTIOKS FOB DsBATI. A YotJKC RuRAUST 



wishes some one who has had experience in Young 

 H«u'l Debating Clubs and Lyceum, to furnish 

 profitable questions for discussion. 



To-Mor cow. —To-morrow is like o, jngglei 

 deceives us; u quack tbat pretends to cure us 

 thin ice that will bear its own weight. H is » 

 beyond our grasp ; a glittering bubble that bi 

 and vanishes away; a will-o'-the-wisp that I 

 many into the mire, and a rock tbat many m 

 have struck and suflered shipwreck. I is an 





i all wh 



to those 



neglect 





