MOOEE'S MJ&&L HEW-YORKE&. 



it tho bottom of the hire*" 

 Tbe"eridence will bo found in tho unsworn of the 

 great majority of the bed keepers, when asked 

 their opinion on the subject, us well as in their 

 practice m using litres of this construction; and 

 to this I can add that my own experience for years 

 in this respect is to me proof positive. I have for 

 rears made numerous experiments in regard to 

 this very point; these hare been witnessed by 

 I, divines, doctors, lawyers and magis- 

 and almost nil classes of men, who are 

 o bear tcstimoDT to the result. The uni- 



iult lit 



it, Hlitno opening" nave 

 been mado in tho bivo at different heights from 

 the bottom, and covered with wire screen, the 

 bees have invariably closed them up with bea- 

 gluo, even going to the chamber; und where a 

 hole bod been bored in the top of tho hire, orer 

 which u box bod been placed, they made the box 

 urtfgbt, noi being able to close the bote, — leaving 

 only the opening al Hie bottom for their entrance 

 into the hive. I therefore regard the evidence as 

 complete, that Goo, who gave to the bee ita in- 

 atinct, designed that tho entrance to its hire 

 should bo at the bottom, and hives with entrances 

 at the top bare in consequence been abandoned. 

 Another evidence we have that bees work up- 

 wards, instead of downwards, is that by taking 

 an old hire full of bonoy, and containing a swarm 

 of bees, and turning it bottom upwards and fitting 

 onotlicr bive of tho same size over it, the swarm 

 will fill the now hivo with comb aud honey, and 

 laic in the season, after they can no longer ox- 

 tract honey from vegetation, they will even re- 

 morc boney from tho old hivo to tho empty cells 

 above, and finally, as winter closes in upon them, 

 they will entirely forsake the old bive for the new 



In regard to tho position, that the proper en- 

 trance for the bee is at tho bottom of tho bive, 

 Mr. (J. soya:— "In tho trees of the forest, we find 

 quite as mauy going downwords as upwards to 

 the hive from the entrance." Now, I would like 

 to bo surrounded by any number of intelligent I 



in the 



,- of t 



rity.-tt 



say, nt equal distances from tho top 

 —and ask them which direction a bee, 

 natural instinct, would tako after cut* 

 tree from that opening, I am satisfied that all 

 would answer promptly aud decidedly, ''upwards.' 

 Even Mr. Q. himself, should ho happen to be pros 

 ent, would, I am confident, if be answered at all, 

 faintly articulate tho word " upward." 



Mr. Q. still clings to bis theory of placing bit 

 Swarms in the cellar, winters, turning tbo hive; 

 bottom upwards. In this I disagree with him 

 and think him a transgressor of sumo of Ket'iit', 



We ,m: 



'"■>--"■ 



depth ; yonr back-furrow will then hardly be dis 

 tioguiabed fi om the general surface. 



The most workmanlike manner of plo' 

 lands, is to begin the lot by striking 

 paces from the fence, and back-furrov 

 itrip four paces wide on cither aide of the lot, i 

 i headland of corresponding width at each end ; i 

 leaves a space wide enough to turn around or 

 After finishing up in the middle of the lot, c« 

 ind go around it, turning 

 fence; nererlurn afurrow agai 



hired men have been accustomed to plow ii 

 igzsg, serpentine manner, take the plow h 

 dies yourselves, boya, 



og head- 

 land ten 







<:■ able In "slims ihe-iii how 



If H. K. T., author of an article on plowi 

 e RtiiAL of June 11th, will show me how to 

 side hill which inclines 45 degrees, I wi 

 knowledge him to be a superior farmer. I belike 

 I can hold a plow as well as any other man, but I 

 cannot dria a team on a tide hill of that desci 

 tiom— J. H., Clew Falls, N. J^, </"««*, 1S59. 



PORTABLE CATTLE BACK. 



Eds. Rural:— While I am writing, I wil 

 tbo plan of a portable rack which I have u 

 great advantogo in feeding hay to cattle, 

 two poles of sufficient size to admit of beiug put 

 together, after form of the bottom frame of a con 

 mon wood-bed, with two iDch auger. The3e poll 

 may ho of any convenient length to suit otbi 

 lumber; place them four feet apart, and fasten ; 

 each end and middle with good rungs, or croi 

 bars; slope tho ends after the fashion of a board 

 sled; mortice in the top with one and a hal 

 auger, and put in post '2 by i inches, 4 to 

 high. If for calves, colts or sheep, 4 feet; for 

 older cattle, 5 feet. Lean the posts or uprights 

 at tho top, so that when finished it will be 20 inches 

 wider at top than bottom. Side up with plank 

 boards 1 by 4 inches, making SJ.£ to 4 inches; 

 fasten up ends in the same way, and your rock 

 done. This rack can be moved as easy as i 

 empty sled, thereby depositing the manure and 

 seed where it is most needed in the meadow or 

 field. 



I bare sets of these racks made 12 and 34 feet 

 long, which I invert during the summer, and I 

 feel confident they will last fifteen years. During 

 the past winter, in feeding 150 cattle, I am confi- 

 dent I hnve saved five tuns of hay, over any other 

 way I have ever seen hay fed in tho open field. 



ri to. The mode of application is external, in 

 tbe form of an ointment (ono part of the bydrio- 

 •f potash befog incorporated with seven parts 

 of lard,) one or two drachms {.about tbe size of a 

 bert) of which should be rubbed into (be dis- 

 ced portion of the udder morning and night. 

 Doses of the bydriodule may daily be given inter- 

 nally, with a little gruel, gradually increasing 

 from six to twelve grains. During tho process 

 the udder most be closely watched, as matter will 

 begin to form, and it should be speedily removed. 

 If suffered to work it* own way to the surface, 

 large, irregular ulcers, difficult to heal, will be 

 formed. Whenever there is the appearance of 

 suppuration, the diseased part should be freely 

 and deeply lanced. While tbe disease is in pro- 

 gress tbe bowels should be kept open, and for this 

 purpose take half doses of tbe following :— Epsom 

 salts, one pound; pondered caraway seeds, half 



fever drink, composed of emetic tartar, one 

 drachm; powdered digitalis, half a drachm; nitro, 

 three drachms — mix and give in a quart of tolera- 

 bly thick gruel. A drink more decidedly diuretic 



resin, two ounces; ginger, two draebms — mix 

 well together in a little molasses, and giro in 

 warm gruel. This latter drink it will be well to 

 continue for two or three weokB after all bloody 



,te number of the Ohio farmer remark* up- 

 f subject as follows :— " It has been said that 

 buckwheat occupies the same position among 



but • 



The 



ded by Dr. Dadd 



perseveringly foment tho tei 

 have become hot and tender, 

 elder or camomile flowi 



tli.* ,- 



>ng, 



i the n 



1 gnu;. 



lallq 



i that 



ntity 



He then gives an aperient — one pint of 

 linseed oil and tbe yolks of two eggs, or m 

 of sweet oil and half a teaspoonful of e 

 pepper— and keeps the animal on light di 

 there is danger of matter forming, rub the bag 

 with equal parts of goose oil and hot drops, 

 the parts are exceedingly painful, a wash of we; 

 lye, or wood ashes, or sol soda, is recommende 

 It" nece.wtv compels the use of the lancet, aft 

 the matter is evacuated tbe part is washed jcle 

 and a stimulating liniment applied." 



IKS akdColc 



i given some 



wo give 





Tln-s 



■ uhl, 





r. i.M B 



.,,.1 ;, 



probably decide the correctness of bis theories on 

 this point. Mr. Q. questions the /act that bee3 

 require drink. Every observer has seen bees col- 

 loct around a pump, and also around water on tbe 

 ground. So tbe evidence that they do drink is 

 established from observation, and if they drink in 

 summer tboy must need drink in winter; and I 

 showed (April 33dl how Nature provided for them 

 in winter. Mr. Q, might as well say that animals 

 with lungs do not need air to promote life, as that 

 a bee does not require water for the some purpose. 

 toy other strong points connected 



Villi ihi- 



,,1.! La; 



vciy ■■ 



Jnquiriefl ani) SInameiB. 



ted something that 



to iotroducc had space permitted 

 I know tho dread that Editors hove of having 

 their columns monopolized by these personal dis- 

 cussions, and I had for this reason, from the very 

 first, decided not to bo led into them by any one. 

 I feel that I was forced into this, my first and last 

 one, and in future shall make no reply to any 

 attacks which may bo made on my articles, ex- 

 cepting when I am convinced tint I have advoca- 

 and then I will make 

 making my ackuowl- 



nsnts and correcting my mistake, that first 



shed the error to the world. 



wletta, N. Y., May 25, 1869. E. Kirut. 



HOW TO PLOW- TO THE BOYS. 



taught men to plow," g _ 

 boys. Soma of ins ideas are good and practicable, 

 and if followed, plowing would not bo so slovenly 

 done, os it now is in too many cases, yet I think 

 notafewof the "Bubal" boys could teach their 

 instructor in the mutter of plowing at least. 



Allow me, Mr. Editor, to giro the Rural How- 

 Hoys my ideas with regard to plowing. I do not 

 consider it as the ultimatum to have a "well- 

 trained team," although desirable, yet t plowman 

 should be able to guide any horse team with accu- 

 racy. In the first place, he particular to puce off 

 jour land of equal width at each end; set a stal 

 at ono end, and make a mark with your heel at tl 

 other; set the plow in the mark; place the lim 

 around yourwuist, look between tbe heads ofyoi 

 horses, and get something between you and the 



Mart your team, turning the body to the right or 

 left to guido them, and be sure to hit tttry object o/ 

 ;i<»t and tin «,,ke. Having got your 

 (am* through struight, it needs a little more 

 judgment and practice to turn the back furrow, so 

 as to lap the edges together nicely. Don't be dis- 

 "* you fail tho first time ; it can bo done 

 U jou get your furrow through 

 keep them straight. 

 * of equal width 

 sionally to see 

 .caused 





possible, we give an answer t 

 nt by publishing an article from the 

 nurican, which first appeared in Vol- 

 tho Rural. This, however, only fur 

 nlth.es tho process of tanntn?— will not some ol 

 ;rs give their modes of coloring?— "Take 

 ■wooled sheep skins, and make up a strong 

 lather of soap; tbe sign of proper strength is 

 wheu tbe lather feels slipper? between the fingers, 

 When the lather is cold wash the skins carefully 

 in it. squeezing them between the hands so as tc 



i of tl.,. 



Whei 



Rural Spirit of tlje press 



.1.1, M„U 



i be : 



till. 





-nin , and is uric of t hi' best crops lor cleaning tho 

 nd and for killing wire-worms and other injuri- 

 is grubs. It has been extensively used for plow- 

 g in as a manure. But though it has proved 

 meficial for this purpose, it is not as good as 

 any other crops that might be used, such as white 

 pin, spurry, red clover, Ac. Buckwheat is often 

 iwn too early. When too early, the hot sun is 

 >t to blast the (lowers. The middle of June, in 

 lis section, is considered the best time to sow ; 

 though in New England, good crops arc often ob- 

 ien sown as late as tbe fourth of July. In 

 where there is danger of frosty nights 

 :he fall, it must bo sown early, as a slight 

 frost, often destroys the crop. We must endeavor 



r betwei 



ngors 



-bin-, 



s in the summer, when sown early , and I) 

 destruction of the crop by fro3t in the fall whe 



late. 1 1 succeeds well sown on clover orgruss 



seed. Formerly it was considered best to break 



■ the land in the spring, but lately the practice is 



posture (he land, and break up immediately be- 



■e sowing. From three pecks to a bushel is tin 



ual quantity of seed. Of the use of buckwheat, 



! need not speak. Everybody likes buckwheat 



cukes on a cold winter's morning. It is good food 



for poultry. Hogs thrive upon and are fond of 



When crushed, il is good feed for horses 



ious, it is said, than oats. It is good for 

 cows, increasing tbe quantity aud richness 



Yes, neighbor, if you will bring it home again 

 to-day. There is no greater trial of one's patience 

 than this everlasting, unluithful borrowing. No 

 benevolent man — such as wc are — will refuse to 

 lend a friend a book or a bat, a razor or a hand- 

 saw, a plow or a pick-axe, if be can have a reason- 





l be t 





immediate pnipo.-..- W which il was borrowed lias 

 been accomplished. But to reduce yourself to beg- 

 gary, by lending all you have, witb no prospect 

 seeing again, in proper time or suitable condition, 





i.p..n 



which is perhaps more than ought to be borne.— 

 We have sometime- doubted the inspiration of tbe 

 proverb, "The borrower is serrant to tbe lender." 

 At any rate, men have so far deteriorated in their 

 sense of propriety, that they— some people— bor- 

 er were a servant to them. Of this, however, we 

 should not complain. Let us lend cheerfully all 

 that is asked, as humblo servants o 



-co nli Jet 







I thing i, ( 



with a little ci 

 straight, the e 

 JJo careful to e 



from end to end, looking ahead o 



if there are any bends; should there b 

 by going around a stump or other 

 straighten it by ruuoiug the plow to land w 

 bends outward, and cutting a narrow furrow 

 it bends inward. If your land is kept atr&i 

 both aides, it obviates tbe necessity f ti 

 nround in the middle, by finishing up with a 

 , which is done by running the wheel ah 



Jt a Bristle, up 



As immense number of inquiries upon the dis- 

 ease known by the various appellations of "In- 

 flammation of the Udder," "Garget," "Knots in 

 tbe Teat," Ac., reached the ignetmn last year, und 

 tbe season for such queries seems to have again 

 come nround, iT we may judge by tbe communica- 

 tions already received. In order to fully answer 

 the questions of our correspondent, uinl all other! 

 who desire information upon this point, we give, 

 at some leugth, the various processes which bear 

 the patent of " regularity." 



In the early stages the most effect mil remedy 

 is to place the calf with tbo mother, that it may 

 suck and kuock about the udder at pleusure. Re- 

 lief, in most cases, soon follows. Should the in- 

 flammation continue, or the bag be so tender that 



complished, lift out the skint 

 in cold water until all the soap is extracted. Hare 

 a vessel of clean cold water ready, to which 

 alum and salt (about half a pound) which 

 been dissolved in a small quantity of hot i 

 arc added, and the skins left to steep all i 

 They are taken out in the morning and hunt 

 a pole to drip. When all the alum watt 

 dripped off they are spread out on a board t 

 and carefully stretched with the hand from 

 to time. Before they are thoroughly dry a compo- 

 sition of two tablcspoonfuls of alum, a: 

 same of saltpetre, are ground to powder In 

 tar, or otherwise, and sprinkled carefully 

 fleshy side of each skin. They aro then placed 

 tbe one on tbe top of tbo other, 

 outside, and hung upon a rack ot slats, in a barn, 

 shed, or dry, airy place, for about three days, or 

 until 'they arc dry ; they should be turned every 

 day. After this they arc taken down and the flesh 

 side is scraped with a blunt knife, and. each skin 

 trimmed for a mat. Tho flesh side may then be 

 rubbed over witb pipe clay, beat with a switch, 

 and will then be found supple, of a beautiful white 

 color, and fit for a door mat for a mechanic or 



Exr-EiUESCB at BlBDiHO Ose Sauox. — I planted 



eight acres of corn,— on land manured the fall pre- 

 vious, thirty loads per acre, — four feet apart ; cul- 

 tivated both ways; made no hills; hoed last time 

 second week of July, and sowed on grass seed, a 

 peck to tho acre; husked early oi 

 then turned tho cows in. The g 

 stalks lasted till November, greatly increasing tl 

 quantity of milk and the flesh of the cows. Ci 

 itanding stalks close to the ground the no 

 ig, in ono day, with a corn-cutter. Th 

 t yielded tho largest crops and the longest of 

 any I ever seeded, out of over a hundred acres, 

 put down with oats and wheat in. the spring.— 

 G. D. C. 



I l...."J .Ul'.i 



L'speciulh, .-I 



become disc 

 blood, then ' 



Mild 11,,: i 





i and mixed with matter . 

 use must receive immediate 

 recommends bleeding, u dos 

 physic administered, the udder well fomented, 

 milk druwn gently but completely off, at h 

 twice in each day, and au ointment, composed of 

 the following ingredients, as thoroughly rubbed 

 into the bag as the cow will permit:— Soft soop, 

 pound; mercurial ointment, two ounces; i 

 phor, rubbed down it ith a little spirit of wine, 

 ounce — nib well together. Apply after every 

 milking, the udder being well fuiiiliitcd with 



.1 the i 



of the o 

 ting. If 



Hcovili.k's Rotaby Subsoil Plow Impro 

 We are glad to hear of the improvement m. 

 ed in the following note, and that the p!o< 

 have a public trial: 



u Sofa 



1 Plow, jiving 



practical w«rkine. 







Ming upon. 1 jo 





to improve 1L 



the Patentee has a 



ode the improv 



jinncipallj by the- New York ami 1 

 wagon« average eighteen cons ot f.> 

 making a loud of Mt^M quarts. T 



The above paragraph, which wc clip from the 

 Portland (Me.,) Transcript, will probably hit 

 good many individuals throughout the country 



ed to meet their particular case will please heed 



The London Omnibus Company, says 

 change, have recently made a report on the feeding 

 of horses which discloses some it 

 It seems that the Company uses no less than G, 



bnihoil outs and cut bay and straw, and the ot 

 ;, mil) g, ? t whole oats and hay. The allowance 

 lorded to the first was — bruised oats, 16 lbs.; 

 hay, 7H lbs.; cut straw, 2>£ lbs. The allowance 

 .ccorded to the second — unbruh 

 ment hny, 13 lbs. Tbe bruised o 

 ut straw amounted to 2(1 lbs., aud tlio unbrutsed 

 ats, Ac., to 82 lbs. The horse which had bruised 

 mts, with cut bay and straw, consumed 

 day, and it appears that it could do the , 



well, and was kept in as good conditic 

 Lorse i>hicii received 32 lbs. per day. Hi 

 saving of lbs. a day on the feeding of each horse 



■ing bruised oots, cut bay, and cut s 

 The advantage of bruised oats and cut b 

 unbruised outs and uncut hay is estimated 

 per day on each horse, amounting to *3iH) per day 

 for the Company's 0,000 horses. It is by no means 

 au uuimpoitaut result with which this experimen 

 has supplied us. To the farmer who expends i 

 large sum in the support of horse power, there an 

 two points this experiment clearly establishes, 

 which in practice must be profitable ; fi: 

 ing of food to the amount of <> pounds a day ; and 

 secondly, no loss of horse power arising from that 



The Indiana 1'irm-r proposes to head the rust 

 by prompt cutting. It says ;—" When nature is 

 bent on rusting the wheat, man can always pre- 

 vent the evils of rust, and, if we understand tbe 

 signs of the times, it is important that we consider 

 how we may do this. Cut it down immediately, is 

 our remedy. Not only cut it down, but see that it 

 cures, after it is cut. The rust is a fermentation of 

 tbe sap, and to arrest it actual drying of the straw 

 is required. In order to do this have everything 

 ready to begin, at least two weeks before harvest 

 time. Watch tbo weather, watch the wheat. A 

 very slight discoloration of the straw may occur 

 without material injury to the grain; but wheu it 

 is manifest the grain is 

 available force, and sepi 

 earth, as soon as posaibl< 

 rusting Is established, 



.?*:«?« 



r.-.-Thero are upon rcc 

 lary of the Interior, at W. 



the sereral Stales T66Agri 



::; 







yi 



3; Ohio, 63; Mas 



'" hii ;:" j '. l4: '""g; 8 , ;^ 





except Virginia 



81; Maryland, 10; Turns. 



ee 





stalk from the 

 the processor 

 i of milk, sap or 

 food has ceased, aud degeneration of the sup 

 Wheu the wheut staik is cut off from 

 he sap ceases to circulate, the stalk 

 dries, shrinks, and thus throws the milk-nap back 

 toward the grain. Let crery former sleep with his 

 armor on, for, just as sure as the sun shines, there 

 is money in wheat this year!" 



Tuc Tennrsiee State Faie la to bo held ot I 



yae- * 



