BffiE3^ 



'*~ft*Jb 



I 



TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.) 



VOI, X. NO. 27.1 



" PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.' 



[SINGLK NO. F'OTJR CENTS. 



ROCHESTER N. Y.— FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1859. 



(WHOLE NO. 495. 



MOORE'S ItURAL NEW-YORKER, 



UUIUI., LITEIIAIH AMI) FAMILY BIWSPAPBE 



II PtnUrmo mur* Africultural. 

 Eitucatkninl. J.llcriry and New. Mall- 



RURAL LETTERS FROM EUROPE.-!. 



Vorw trrnn tin-Inn In Liverpool - I.lfi' <>n 

 Fnim I.I" ii ■■ 



1 . i . , Boston by the steamer Niagara, on tbc 

 ISlh of May, and arrived at Liverpool on the even- 

 ing of ilia S9th. A voyage between these two ports 

 >n of the year, affords little which can 

 t the generol reader. In this 



i hud l 



of rough 



weather, or tbe dangerous proximity of tb 

 woudeiTul objects, "fiooj Green Und* a icy moun- 

 tain*," which |0 me times beset tbe navigator's 

 I..I luive scui ships lo the buiiom of tbe 

 Hi. a voyage made a Little later in tbe 

 Mason, last year, wo tnei with numerous iceberg*. 

 The principal business of tho passengers i or ol 

 those in health, 1 was eating, drinking, and sleep- 

 ing. We were called to breakfast at half-past 

 eight, to lunch at twelve, to dinner at four, to ti 

 ut half past seven, and to supper ut ten o'clock, 

 •end ■ copy of " bill of fore " for dinner, for or. 

 day, from which you will infer that the British an 

 No rib American Steam Packet Company does di 

 neglect the physical wants of its friends. If 

 passenger is seasick, as luuuy will be for a while i 

 least, tbe steward will bring tbe nicest of oal-mcal 

 gruel, aud render the best attention. Or, ifm 

 cal treatment is required, the ship's surgeon 

 politely administer to your necessities, without 

 fee or reward. If your health admits of your 

 walk id* .bout, you may interest yourself in obtain- 

 ing from the Captain, or tbe Chief Engineer, book 

 statistics in regard to the working and manage, 

 meal of the ship. You will learn thai she consume) 

 daily, on ber YOVsge. rixty tun* of coal ; that bci 

 boilers lire supplied from tbe oceun, aud that bv 

 condensing the escape steam, a large quantity of 

 pure fresh water is obtained, which is used for the 

 culinary and other purposes. You may obtain 

 ' bs.pl an inflation.) to go down with 

 the Engineer, and see the ponderous and mighty 

 machines which propel the ship through the water, 

 i-cmictiuits nt iherate of 300 miles a day. To watch 

 ,e Course of tbe ship is opposed 

 heavy sea, and observe with 

 precision tho onward revolu- 



; kept in 

 different localities. 



Leaving Liverpool, we find tbe soil rests on 

 standstonc, nnd is for the most part warm and 

 friable. The cattle we see in the pastures are of 

 he Short-horn family, or crosses of it. Tbcy are 

 ot generally bred into the fashionable fattening 

 ariety, und are mostly rather coorse and largr 

 boned. The sheep are of tbe Leicester character, 

 perhaps entirely of that breed. Tho 

 ell set with good grass, 

 ted on our journey and approach the 

 Cumberland Hills, tbe aspect of tbe country great- 

 ly changes. There is little level land— it is cbiefli 

 many instances showing a surface of 

 rocks, (we cannot always, at the distance, tell 

 what kind of rocks,) and in other places cleared 



witbo 





favorable 





good cultivation uppeai 

 of gross, or, in t 

 Much of the land is in a wild state, having never 

 been disturbed with tbe plow. It is covered with 

 the [latches of which a little grass 

 grows. These wild tracts are sbeep-ranges. But 



ot see the sluggish Leicester which occu- 



fertile pastures below. The Black -I'm m-\ 

 breed of the Scottish mountains is best filled fur 



i mode of life thai must be endured here. 



the hardy animals grubbtng the scanty 



the bare rocks. Occasionally tho ratt'e 

 lin starts some of the young lamb* from 

 their afternoon nop, aud they run off' with almost 

 the agility und wildness of tbe bare. Few catl'e 

 d they ure of the Highland or of the 

 i Millimiiv breeds. Occasionally a more fertile 

 !,l. The fields are divided by stone 



.,,,1 wil 



old build 1 



,jll-„ll. 



.■.'II..M 



of 



> give un idea of the 

 b«s been endowed, and 

 wa, destine,! to attain, 

 •hort. I only wished 



it of 

 tbe 



hy a bead wind one! 

 what certainty and 



the elements, cannot fail i 

 high powers with which, mao 

 of the great cuds which he 

 My stay in Liverpool ww 

 to arrange some money a 

 luwiuary inquiries in regard to the ship 

 livestock. On Tuesday, 3ist ull., \ \ 

 "rail'" for Glasgow, lhat "Dee-hive of the 

 which within a few years lias grown into so much 

 importance, both as a manufacturing and commer- 

 cial eny, having a population of nearly half a 



The opportunity of viewing the country while 

 traveling i„ t railroad car at the rate of fortv miles 

 « hour, (which was about the speed of our train,) 

 "> no >w c h u W ould afford a very minute idea of 

 iu Agmolt im , SljU> MrUin lning9 Cftn bc ^ 

 Some idea rnaj he obtained of the topograpbv of 

 the country, wmclhiDg of its geology, and 

 u»»f 01 the capaeUj and production of it 



and descend to 

 fruitful district, 

 iu the centre of which is the handsome town of 

 Carlisle. Proceeding a few miles north, we cross 

 "The Border" at Gretna, so memorable for the 

 facilities it formerly afforded to persons whose 

 real or fancied " affinities " led them lo the pursuit 

 of marriage uuder difficulties. Here we com- 

 mence tbe passage of the South Highlands. The 

 road lies along the bunk of a rapid stream, wind- 

 ing between high bills, w Inch arc sometimes cover- 

 ed with heath, but frequently with grass. It is 

 almost/entirely a sheep couulry.and the enclosures 

 called " stelta," /or sheltering the flocks from 

 severe snow-storms, often appear. They arc situ- 

 ated in some sheltered spot, and ure simply stone 

 walls, generally forming a circle. The sheep are 

 generally of the Jslm-k-faced breed, though the 

 Cheviots arc sometimes seen. In the broadest 

 parts of the valley, there are farms where cattle 

 tire kept, and some cultivation is carried on. But 

 you no longer see ibo large frames and guy colors 

 of the Short-horns, or if uow and then one is seen in 

 a herd of a different breed, the projecting hones and 

 lean carcass show that it is out of its legitimate 

 sphere. Tbe pastures are blackened with tho 

 short-legged Galloway and the shaggy Highlander, 

 still [initially clad in their winter coat, which I: 

 shielded them from the chilling storms. Or, if 1 

 location is more favorable, the farm is devoted 

 dairying, and the Ayrshire cow is the occupant of 

 the pastures. 



Having overcome tbe acclivity, we descend 

 tbe north through the valley of the Clyde, till v 

 arrive at tbe commercial metropolis of Scotland- 

 Glasgow. From this city my course was to tl 

 southwest, the place from which I date being 

 about seven miles from Ayr. On another occosi 

 I will speak of such branches of Agriculture 

 this district a> appear likelvto interest the readi 

 of the Ri-hal. 



Glasgow, June Bib. —The Show of the Glas- 

 gow Agricultural Society commenced here yester- 

 day and closes to-day. It is a large and very inter- 

 esting exhibition. I have not now the opportunity 



words as thcyiss 

 a than." 

 Sermons in stones," wrote the immortal poet, 



ling, we purpose testing tins " universal appli- 



n" ofourtexlby making the inquiry of Rubal 



:rs whether, in agricultural affairs we had not 



tergo up than down." 



retaining the fertility of the toil, all will 



ly admit its triteness— not a doubter, not n 



skeptic do we fioe. Dm, friends, how does prac- 



le correspond with belief? What is the coooec- 



n between tbe words uf our mouths and the 



labor of our bands r There is no «uch thing a- 



Htandiog still in Hny of the multifarious 



-, aud this lo' 





Some of our correspondents bave bpen "taking 

 liberties ('/)" with the sanctum, (as will be seen by 



referring to fourth page of present issue,) and in 

 e we have strong inclination to ramble 

 farms, take notes and print them, aud 

 ,o were it not we prefer each should tell 



what the balance on hand in one of our bunking 

 I — what your array of 'pedal interest in 

 corporations— the points to be settled are — what 

 of capital in the soil, and are jou 

 keeping tho investment good? "If a person is 

 purchasing a house with all tht ' modern improve- 

 menU,'" remarks a witty writer, "the first thing 

 to be inquired into i3 the amount of tht mortgage* 

 Many a farmer who th 





e feat ful. 



Through imprudence and carelessness there i 

 of which ho is not aware, one wl 

 ! assiduous attention of both 1 



to liquidate. Ho 



hi J. i. 



_ of the toils audtr 

 the lot of humanity, the aru 

 and you seek Dual repose upon t 



shall bui 



where Musing was intended — shall ihose compos- 

 ing the "home circle" bow under the crushing 

 weight that patental bauds bus pluced upon them? 

 Whether we ever prove the fine gold involved in 





rbyt 



"Better 



Tht Product* of the Farm.— Farmers, nswell as 

 e rest of mankind, most plead to u love of good 

 capital invested and for labor expended. 



I a description of it, bui 



Mil I 



tempt in my c 



"BETTER GO UP THAN DOWN." 



A few years since one of the residents of our 

 goodly city made himself tho possessor of a fine 

 piece of property situated just within corporatorial 

 limits. Fronting upon the highway, its situation 

 was considerably above the level of tbe road, and 

 this feature was deemed quite objectionable by a 

 number of visiting friends. A spirited discussion 

 ensued, in which the merits and demerits of such 

 elevation were duly considered. "Gentlemen," 

 remarked the proprietor, "better go up than down. 

 This principle i. rf utllTcnuU application, in reli- 

 in any pursuit." The 

 "With so great failb, 

 motto, friend S, giving 

 he record >" Tbe bint 





it a promiu 





The thought of reward is tbe great 

 toil— it encourages amid failure, soothes amid pri- 

 vation, nnd gives to the depressed spirit a further 

 stimulant to exertion. Though present prospects 

 may be shrouded in gloom, a " good time coming" 

 is to nil tho Lamp of Hope. " Better up than 

 down, in this respect," we are confident will be the 

 response of every tiller of the soil, and a peculiar 

 emphasis accompanying the expression is observa- 

 ble. When a man finds that his course is onward, 

 upward, with what complacency he views the move- 

 ment of the world about him. Pleased with him- 

 self, he would be pleased with every one with whom 

 he comes in contact. But write that other word— 

 dotcn— upon his business, and mark the change. 

 Frowns usurp the place of smiles— harshness rules 

 where kindly feelings were wout to predominate. 

 We have touched the fountain-head from whence 

 emanated the life-stream, and the entire man wean 

 a keep-your-hand-out-of-my-pocket air and appear 

 ance. Noting such metamorphosis, who would no 

 rather "go up than down!" 



Borne and He Surrounding*. — Something (car 

 it be scenes we have witnessed?) whispers "yot 

 are now in disputed territory." The acquisiiioi 

 of a home is the greatest of our earthly blessings 



With what fullness of truth has it been written :— 

 " Happy is the man who possesses n true home — 

 the temple of his household gods, where he reigns 

 as patriarch, priest und kiog — a refuge from envy 

 and malice, a shelter from tho storms of life, that 

 no loss of wealth, no change of circumstance can 

 affect— a rose without a thorn— a sun lhat knows 

 no setting." The joys of a " true borne " nre not 

 alone for the "patriarch" — though this would 

 seem to bc the creed of many who are laboring to 

 procure one — all the inmates bask in its sunshine. 

 To bave children grow up with a love for rural 

 life, and prevent even a desire for other scenes and 

 oltier pursuits being harbored by them, it is tbc 

 duly of ibe parent to provide such incentives as 

 wiH wit, tho bousubold to I'ulm delights. In tbe 

 »uccessful accomplishment of this purpose, we 

 ni-ed progritsive farmer*— those determined that 

 their influence and energies shall be given to the 

 cause of advancement. Admitting the truth of 

 me maxim, "man is the arbiter of his own des- 

 tiny," we have great fuith in the use of proper 

 restraints and wholesome influences upon the 

 youthful nund. Tbese nre the prerogatives of the 

 parent, ond according to the exercise and dis- 

 charge of such sacred privileges, will our off- 

 spring be educated for good or evil. When we 

 reflect that tbe impressions made by the home 

 fireside rcoob out into that dim future which tbe 

 eye of man baih not seen, neiiber can he compre- 

 hend, and we realize how fern ful (lie resposibililies 



ltd with 

 ng truth ii 



[ItlM 



whs 

 " Setter go vp 



THE POULTRY -YARD. 



Ducks are, us a general thing, considered tbe 

 most difficult I o rear of any of our feathered domes- 

 tic birds, and, in the ordinary " take -care- of- 

 yourself" way, scorce one in fifty arrives at matu- 

 rity. Yd, it is the easiest thing possible to bring 

 up an entire brood ; and when they can be made 

 to weigh from five to seven pounds each, ihey will 

 well repay the care and trouble required. It is 

 better to start with the largest and finest breeds, 

 such as will give sizeable progeny, — either of the 

 following named varieties will answer, viz.: — 

 Aylesbury, Cayuga Black and Rouen. I would 

 prefer tbem in the order in which they ar© named, 

 though either variety will be good enough. 



-/nci 



bring oul 



ber is very ho 



Maimyaiuut of the Young.— Do not allow them 

 a wide range — have the yard roomy and dry. In 

 fact they mutt not be allowed any water to dabbh 

 in ; merely sufficient to drink, and that placed in i 

 Bhallow vessel. Tho sun's rays must not be allow 

 ed to injure them. I do not mean by this that 

 they should not have the sun during some pc 

 of the day. Tbey must be kept in these quarters 

 till well feathered, after which they may be turned 

 at large. 



Ftfdimj. — Procure liver or some offal at the 

 butcher's, which cook with meal and potatoes, 

 chopping the whole fioe— net-tr give them, while 

 young, any food that has not been cooked. 



If your readers would give their experience, 

 some of the number might derive advantage from 

 bints thrown out on any subject. 



N. B.— I would here state that I have no duck* 

 to sell. Eats Wight. 



IU-JIi:.iu. M i--.. .Tun.', \-i0 



Tnt Guio 

 lusting layer. Theyaresai 

 of tbe turkey and pheasan 

 Africa, though said by 



I'cntado, is nearly an ever- 



1B0i d to unite the properties 



They ore a native of 



to belong equally to 



asi!y domeati 



a very good substitute for that bird. It assimilates 

 perfectly with tbe common fowl in its artificial 

 habits and kinds of food. Its gait is peculiar as 

 are its cries. They are fond of marshy places — 

 always perch during the night in high situations or 



It i 



farmers do not turn their attention to these fowls. 

 A knowing Jerscyman, named Davio Bonnbr, 

 from England, hired a patch of five acres, four 

 years ago, and commenced raising eggs for the 

 New York market. Bonseh has never hired any 

 help, and at this moment owns a farm for which be 

 paid {4.T00, of which the buildingscosl over $3,000. 

 Ilia farm is all paid for ; be owea not a ceni in tbe 



>rlda 







Fttdiiuj Fm/try —An idea pr 



sfrot 



- wilh - 



mgerf, will 



do for poultry ; but this is a great mistake. A 

 friend of the writer once camo yery near loung his 

 whole flock of valuable fowls from feeding tbem 

 with damaged corn, which had been heated. Tbose 

 who lied largely know belter, and invariably mako 

 it a rule to feed none but tho best, and if of corn, 

 it is all the better for being broken. 



On 



-Then. 



neb i 



»»wy 



..lll.cph 



i than thee 



of breeding from birds that are good layers, a 

 selecting nuleh cows those animals which ate bred 

 from good milkers, though, as in fowls, it does not 

 necessarily alwoys follow tbot their progeny are 

 equully profitable. 



ffttt Egg*.— To those who keep fowls in winter 

 and desire eggs, a good nest is important. The 

 qualities of a good nest egg is a tolerable resem- 

 blance to a real egg. A hen will not lay to an egg- 

 shell, however perfect it may be — for she knows by 

 its want of weight that it is a counterfeit. The best 

 artificial egg is that made of glass, which is SO 

 exact an imitation of real eggs, in form and color, 

 lhat Mistress Biddy would find it difficult to detect 

 it. These eggs may be had at most all the agri- 

 cultural warehouses, seed Mures, and of crockery 



Fi.wU Sating their Egg*.—l% is well known that 

 hens when shut up are very apt to eat their eggs. 

 The best preventive is to keep them well supplied 

 with lime and gnu-el, arid wilh fresh meal in some 

 form. The nest should be so deep in the boxes that 

 tbey cannot reach them without standing on the 



Floor for JhuUry-HouM.—'The floor of tbe boose 

 should be of any material easily scraped cleon; 

 quick lime and coal ashes mixed nod put on hot 

 bind well, and if coated with boiled tar when dry, 

 will be found to stand well- Bricks bsve been 

 recommended by some, but they are objectionable 

 on account of their absorbing moisture. 



Fowl M*nur*.-\ barrel of fowl manure mixed 

 with muck, or leaf mold, will manure half an acre 

 of corn and is as valuable as guano. Tho dung of 

 poultry contains »iliea. •""' r^spa** and carbon- 

 ate of lime; and, along with pigeon dong has been 

 dried and broken down and poonded, and mixed 

 with earthy suhstancei, and applied in moist wea- 

 ther and covered by borrowing of the seed, at tbe 

 rate of forty or fifty boshels of the mixture to the 

 acre. If used fresh, the quantity must be small ; 

 but as a very small quantity of snch excrements 

 will come into the possession of the farmer, the 

 readiest and probably the most econonueul ftpplb 

 cation will be to spread it evenly on the top of n 

 dung-heap, just before it's being turned over, which 

 will mix tbe substances, aud extend th.- benefits 

 equally. 



Azote Fuod Xrce**ary far Fowl*. A letter was 

 read before the British 1 

 of Switzerland, giving a 

 ments in the feeding of fowls. Heal 

 fowls to which a portion of chalk is g 

 food, lay eggs, the shells of which i 



