i 



TWO DOI-LAKS A YEAK.] 



•PROGRESS AND IMPROVKMENT.' 



[SINGLE NO. FOUR CENTS. 



VOL X. NO. 28. f 



ROCHESTER N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JULY 9, 1859. 



I WHOLE NO. 496. 



MOORE'S VMM NE.V-TORKER, 



BUR*] HTHMKV AM) UXOA NEWSPAPER. 



j| in,, i,li,.:-, rl, id | 



A SHOUT CHOP OF HAY. 



Iria pretty generally udn.it led that the crop of 



ii lutly, and, indued, in acveral Suui, 



1 m ivlim nnujnrcd by fro«*, 



bnt in muny purls of the country, as we learn by 



i by paWshod 



, Ihe 1 



irj bj t 



M ,,,t 



DuUriftl Tin: prOBpecl is, Ibcicfure, ttiiil ni 

 many farmers mil liud themselves possessed of an 

 unusually bid all qmmtilv of buy. with which to 

 carry theiu through the "inter, How this de- 

 ficiency [| to he nn-( and provided lor is on impor- 

 tant question; nnd even to those more favorably 

 OtnatUteoeod n few thoughts may not bo uninter- 

 esting. Two plana suggest themselves, one of 

 which, perhaps, is generally practiced under the 



■ U ..il | port ..I. i.i tin- slock ; trend, 

 to endeavor to keep all over the winter on rather 

 short allowance. Both of these plans arc ui 

 ■ad should only bo resorted to in extreme 

 tliiiuu'h <'"' f»rme i is preTerulde to the latter. Ifu 

 port is sold the funnel gem-rally finds that the por- 

 tion of his stock which it is to bis interest to keep 

 sells most readily m the market, and at the best 

 prices, and he is tempted to putt with those 



mills hIiu Ii lit: >li.,iild li\ nil ini'iLii- k 1. 1 - j « . Ann li-s 



which the farmer is forced to sell seldom bring 

 fait pure Such sales are about OS ruinous to tl 

 farmer as getting notes shaved is lo the merchan 

 Then, in the spring, the manure pile is small an 

 the dtwdng g-ven to the poor fields scanty, and 

 '".-nee the next crop is inferior; nnd the 

 evils resulting from this one act run through a 

 series of y ears. The effects of the other course, of 

 attempting to keep stock through the wintci on 

 short rations— just keeping soul and body to- 

 gether without making flesh — is so evidently un- 

 profitable and M revolting to the feelings of every 

 kind-hearted man that we need not dwell upon it. 

 What then can be done to avoid these evils — to 

 save the farmer from the necessity of choosing bo- 

 na or the other— a result from which 

 many are beginning to tbmk it almost impossible 



As the grass in many places, in consequence of 



■ ni uncommonly early, muy we not 



'!• favorable weather, an unusually 



good second grm tti „ lliell ,,„ mil! bc rattde avail . 



" l ,: " '" h '»»»Tmgtbnt already secured, but in 



Tni Huon ,. pMtt, w ,„ advanced 



ftr planting corn for fodder, otherwise we know 



nothing that will ,o well wppl, 1Le pltM of hor . 



■■»' ««, planted corn the midd!ee-f May 



undent ,i the mlddlnof j„i T , tmo months aricr 

 planting, the stalks being from four U> five feet m 

 1 J.: Western corn, sown iu drills zives 

 enormous amount of dry food. Corn grown in 

 this way cannot be well cured on the ground on 

 irons, as it is so bulky and coni ftms 

 w much wat«r that it is apt lo heat and mildew, 

 unless spread out thin and well cared for. U \ a 

 necessary, therefore, in most coses to draw a part 

 of the crop on other ground for curing, and not to 

 '. at a time than can be well taken 

 CTOpI have we seen much in- 

 jured by careU-w curing. This is particularly the 

 ' lute, or the weather proves 

 "". 4T -° r ^ , l*' MftDV h "*« no doubt, availed them- 

 e, and will hove a fine crop 

 ' for any deficency 



mething can be done hy c 



all i 



i that 



.mg 



:d. Those who have planted carrots or other 

 should give them n good chance by keeping 



the weeds down and the ground well cultivated.— 

 i acre of ground in roots, if o good deal of labor 

 bestowed upon it, will give a large amount of 



low Jlutt 

 wn from the 



/■';■■.'■/■. but the Wh it, 

 t lime to the 



II generally 



ipi may be 



middle of August . the 



give the largest crop, but the lata sown will be the 

 uiidest, and the best for keeping. The best soil 

 r Turnips is a deep or sondy loom, and tiny 



flourish extremely well on new land. The best 



.untry wo 

 ier had < 



be next spring, but thinking he might raise 

 turnips, as he was likely to be short of win- 

 d, sowed thinly and broadcast, and with IDC 

 iecided success. Turnips sown in drills are 

 ost easily cultivated and kept clean. They 



., the fly or fly-beetle is most to be dreaded. 

 .1 (■•■ innumerable have been promulgated, 

 ie most of them, just when depended upon, 

 failed. Observation has shown, however, 

 , rough or gritly state of the leaf will put a 

 )s upou their operations, and any Bubslauoc, 

 is ashes, tbatwill thus coat the plant, will act 

 in a preventive to their destruction. After nn op- 



epented. Care in this respect (Vittalnjpsl 

 e cultivator reword for his labors. For 

 English cultivator on this 

 point, we refer our readeis U the following article 



mi h'uropean Agriculture. 



EUBOPEAN AGRICULTURE. 



1\ perusing the Foreign Agricultural Journals 

 which we receive, we frequently note "matter " foi 

 publication, but tbo crowded condition of our own 

 columns frequently denies it admission, as we 

 prefer to talk and present the American tide qf the 

 ij'ttstion. A considerable portion of such segrega- 

 tions, however, is eminently valuable and practi- 

 cal to farmers in this country, nnd we believe a 

 careful perusal of the subjoined will well repay 

 those specially interested : 



To Phkvbxt the Ravages op the Torkip Fly.— 

 At the " Weekly Council " of the English Royal 

 Ag. Society, held June 'jltli, Fisiikr IIobbs, in ac- 

 cordance with the request of the Society, related 

 his experience in preventing the ravages of this 

 fly. Mr. II. gives great importance io the prepara- 

 tion of the soil, care of manure, &c, (which we will 

 not refer to at preterit, as the incipient portions of 

 this labor are performed iu the closing mouths of 

 the yenr,) and this part of the proceedings is 

 based upon the principle that " prevention is better 

 than cure." The "cure" is simply the applica- 

 tion of top-dressings. Sir. IIobbs remarked as 

 follows; — "I have tried various experiments, 

 steeping the seed, and top-dressings, for upwards 

 of thirty years, but though sometimes successful I 

 could not depend on any of them until I adopted 

 my present system, and I think il is only fair that 

 I should state that I derived the chief features as to 

 of this top-dressing from my late bailill, 





' **jr to make i 



Mr O 11 a« 



point 



f engaged to sccur 



ages of the lly, adding 



inly add 



turnip plant from tl 

 that he was willing 

 mediately if be could not do so. I < 

 that for eight years, during the whole 

 with me, he fulfilled all he promised in this respect 

 The following is Mr. Hawkins' recipe for atop- 

 dressing:—! bushel of white gas-asbes, (gas-limc,i 

 fresh from the gas-house; 1 bushel of fresh 1 

 from the kiln, lbs. of sulphur, and 10 lbs. of s 

 well mixed together and got to as fine a powde 

 possible, so that it may adhere to the young pi 

 The above is sufficient for two acres when drilled 

 at 27 inches. It should be applied very early in 

 the morning, wheo the due U on the leaf— & broad 

 cast machine being the most expeditious mode o 

 distributing it, or it may be sprinkled with Hit 

 hand carefully over the rows. If the fly continue; 

 troublesome the process should be repeated , by 

 this meansSOO to 220 acres of turnips, Swedes, and 

 rape have been grown on my farms annua 

 eight or nine years, without a rod of ground 

 plants. The aboveis a strong dressing, to b 

 when the fly is very numerous, and has never 

 "in n applied 4 t night. Numerous experiments 

 have been tried, and amongst them I recommend 

 the following in ordinary cases, and intend to nil 

 it during the present season if necessary :— 14 lbs 

 of sulphur, 1 bushel of fresh lime, and B bushelsof 

 road scrapings per acre, mi,ed together for a fsw 

 days before ,t ,a „«,, and >pp|ied M ^ 



by me*ns of a small drill, or strewed along the 



s by hand. I bav< 





water, applied in a liquid state by means of water- 

 carts during the night, and the horse-hoe immedi- 

 ately lol lowing the water- cart. This has succeeded 

 admirably. In consequence of the dryness of the 

 climate in my neighborhood (the rain-fall being on 

 the average only about sixteen inches annually) I 

 usually saw on the flat; but the dressings above 

 named are equally applicable to crops sown on the 

 ridge." 



Mangold W„m. 



■cspondent of the 

 ipluiuedof the bad 



cek." Tbe editors called 

 dairymen upon the sub- 

 ffera from Warwickshire, 

 Gbeehire, Gloucestershire, and Devonshire." As 

 a gnneral thing, the evil complained of had not 

 beeu experienced' by those who responded, some 

 attributed it to ill- tasted weeds which were mixed 

 with tbe fodder, and o'liers give a remedy where 

 said difficulty exists. We extract a few of these, 

 as queries on ibis point eftcn reach the Rural 



" 1. 1 have found chloride of lime very effectual 

 to remove from butter the taste of turnips, or auy 

 other bad flavor. A drachm of it to every expected 

 pound of butter put into the water of the second 

 washing, after it is taken out of ihe churn, and the 

 butter well but rapidly kneaded in it. 



"2. Do nut feed your cows with turnips until 

 they have been previous^ milked, by which means 

 lhoalwel 



sufficient quantity. I need not add great cleanli- 

 i the cow-house but in the dairy.— 

 No stale pieces of turnip should on any account be 

 allowed to remain in the manger, which should b( 

 clcaued out before feeding. 



I, As soon us the milk is brought into the dairy. 

 ni from the cows,) pour into it, in the proper- 

 of half a pint of boiling wa 

 milk; cover it over with a cloth, fo 

 for half an hour ; then strain and pour it into milk 

 dishes to stand for cream. I have never known 

 this recipe to fail, unless the duiry-maid put a 

 wooden cover over the milk-pail instead of a cloth, 

 which absorbs the steam. 



"4. I occupied a farm of 500 acres, and kept n 

 large dairy of cows, aod neucr had the taste of 

 turnips in the butter, by applying hot water and 

 steam, at different times, to tho milk and cream, 

 which entirely took away all flavor of the turnip. 

 We generally made from \d. to 'id. per pound of 

 our butter more than market price. Our system 

 been curried out for -10 years, and has never been 

 known to fail where properly attended to. 



'• 5. Make a strong solution of nitre, and add o 

 dessert-spoonful of it to every two gallons of milk 

 as it is brought in from the cow. 



"C. The simplest and most convenient preventa- 

 tive against turnip taint, and one to the ellicacy of 

 which I can speak from daily experience, is to let 

 your cows have their feed of turnips 

 after being milked, and at no other tit 



■.il.il|l..|l.-rl, 



How to Use Guano. — Among our European 

 brethren Guano is very much used, nnd the suc- 

 ees.-i which n great nuijoi iiy of Kiijdish cultivators 

 havo bud, has wonderfully stimulated the demand 

 for this valuable fertilizer. American farmers are 

 beginning to learn its worth as a stimulant, ond 

 each year witnesses a large increase in sales, par- 

 ticularly in the Eastern and Southern States.— 

 Such being the fact, tbe following rules, from the 

 Mark Lane fibpn NT, will doubtless prove or utility, 

 especially to those unacquainted with the manner 



"Flrd.— New mix guono with anything; all 



often contain caustic alkali to drive off the ammo- 

 niacal par Is before the soil can surround and absorb 



" Second. —Mix it as much as possible with the 

 soil, not too deeply, but plow it in after sowing it 

 broadcast. 



■' Third.~lf applied as a top-dressing— which is 

 rarely advisable—always npply it, if possible, be- 

 fore rain, or when snow is on tbe ground; and if 

 on arable land, burrow, hoe or scuffle immediately 

 after the operation. 



" F<>m-th.— For speedy and powerful operation, 

 apply on limited nix&OM dissolved In water. 



" J-Jth .— If sowed with drilled groin, or, indeed, 

 with any seed whatever, it should never come in 



'•lastly.— Be sure to get, if possil.h- 

 OrtieU, and use per acre, from two to three hundred 

 pounds' " 



CROP PROSPECTS IN THIS STATE 



our Slate west of the meridian ol Unco, bos ,-iveu 

 o very good opportunity to notice the crops as 

 they appear up lo this lime. 



Grass. — This crop wos affected by the early dry 

 weather, and in many places by tbe frost. In 



, Will,! 



Ihe midland < 



be one third of a crop, even if we bave ruins and 

 a favorable fall. Thousands of acres will not he 

 mowed till August or September. Pasturage is 

 also growing short, ond unless refreshed with 

 timely showers, must soon prove wholly inade- 

 quate to the demands mode upon it. 

 Cons.— A larger breadth than ever hefore has 



good. The frost put back tneploi.l in many places, 



treated to nSepteoibertio-t. ihe yie'd will be large 

 and fill up the gup in the hay crup very well. 



Winter Wheat. —Through tbe great wheat 

 counties there is but a biiiuII breadth, but general- 

 ly tbe appearance of the plant is such as to prom- 

 ise a large yield. The Mediterranean is the pre- 

 vailing sort sown, and should it this year escape 

 the midge, immeu.se quantities will he sown the 

 coming autumn. 



In some localities the frost did immense damage, 

 but the loss is not spread over much surface- 

 Though its extent and severity have been exag- 

 gerated as a whole, the result will prove disastrous 

 in limited sections. 



WiNTun Rye.— The cultivation or this crop, as 

 well as winter barley, is spreading, audi hi* yield Uns 







of which 





well, yet it is too early to predict the barvi 



Fruit is more or less injured, but as i 

 there will be a very good crop in most s 

 especially of Apples. 



As the result now depends, in a great n 

 upon nn early frost — or its absence — we c 

 keep hoeing, and pray for the right 

 weather.— p. 



HOUSE BUILDING. -NO. IT. 



In resuming our subject, let us lake mailers in 

 the same order thai the builder will be most likely 

 to, ond consider iu this number the form and con- 

 struction of the apertures, und tho framing and 

 covering of the roof. Although it is not our in- 

 tention to raise these articles to the dignity of a 

 work on Architecture, yet we must have more or less 

 to soy about style und appearance, and will en- 

 deavor fo do so in a matter-of-fact way, keeping in 

 mind Ruskis's great maxim :— " Until Common 

 Sense finds its way into Architecture there can be 



If you build of wood, make the openings square 

 heuds, except perhaps iu the gables or dormer 

 windows. Couple or triple them if you choose, 

 bni do mil circle tbe tops. You have no use for 

 the oich, (the space above being self-snppoitiog, 

 both apparently and really,) and if you make 

 them circling, you double the expense merely for 

 show, ond your windows will demonstrate more 

 fureibly than words can, perhaps, that you ore 



Iloods over the windows, where outside blinds 

 are dispensed with, can be made an ornamental 

 feature in the modern styles of building, and hove 

 a practical advantage beside — i. e., the upper sash 

 can be lowered in stormy as well as pleasant 

 weather, which is a better ventilator than most 

 houses hove. If your building is of brick or stone, 

 and good, sound cut stone lintels con be easily 

 obtained, il will be your cheapest way to span the 

 openings with them, but if they cannot be had, the 

 better way will bc to use an arch made of the sai 

 material as the building, and the higher it is 

 proportion to the width the better. If what 

 worth doing at all is worth doing well, then ms 

 the arch a semi-circle, or pointed gotbic, if the 

 building is in that style. 



Arched openings u [jduubird I v u dd to ibe expense. 

 as well as lo the bcautv of a building, but nol so 

 materially if the arch "is continued back only to 

 the sash. This is suAScient for all practical pur- 

 poses, and even better on some occounts, as it 

 admits of using cither the common curtain x- 

 turcs, inside shutters, or blinds. t See .llustra- 



If outside blinds ore used, the upper portion, as 

 for down as the spring of the orch, should be 

 Slationarv. In this way they will not appear un- 

 aightly when the lower half is open. Probably 

 the best way yet iuvected to hang the sash is to 

 balance them with weights, and fasten tbem with 



In-nnltcf 



Armoi.u's side-meeting rail sash-lucks, 

 allow the upper sash to be lowered three or fc 

 inches, and yet be burglar proof, and it cost* t 

 per opening than 1 



and the groves wherein 

 they play, should bo nei] 

 oiled and not painted, whicL 

 will allow the BBsh to 111 



| thing else now in use for", 

 aamo purposes. 



roofs, make 

 .. the frame-work light and 

 j. strong. Do not depend on the 

 stifl'iiessuf t imber for the support of the roof, nor on 

 the strength of the pistes to wit [island ihe outward 

 thrust. Either will shew evidences of (heir weak- 

 ness in a few years, and the remedy had belter bo 

 applied in the beginning. The roof may receive 

 its support from the partitions and foundations 

 below, or from a truss ; aod the plates from ties or 

 collar beams nailed to tbe lower ends of the raft- 

 ers. Rafters 2x8 weigh and cost no more than 

 those 4x4, ond will support the same weight with 

 only one-half the sag. The joints of tbe roof 

 boards should come on alternate rafters, and the 

 surface for slating should be true and the joints 

 tight. Shingles and slate ore probably the best 

 rooting materials in general use, (the slate having 

 Ihcudvautoge in everything but the cost and lia- 

 bility to be damaged tyliost,) and for cither, a 

 steep pitch is preferable. Shingles should be laid 

 at least one-fourth of an inch apart at the lower 

 ends, (so that the dirt, us it washes ilmvn, will not 

 clog and dam up the water,) and nailed with one 

 noil only in each shingle, that they may shrink 

 and swell without splitting. I see in o late num- 

 ber of the Ri ual a correspondent proposes to use 

 whot we should cull n tile roor, and what he soys 

 sounds rather "sound." Such roofs are common 

 in the East, and ore said to bo and look heavy. 

 However, if your correspondent can make o good 

 roof, we will invent a support for the weight, and 

 can learn to endure the looks. *■ B - a. 



PLOWING. PLOWS AND TEAMS. 



U K 



e.vci.j.t • 



! | ■ V.iurs entitled "To Plow 



j No. MS « r ft™* 1, New-Vokkkii, is all 

 ind good advice to young or old farmers, 

 me things I will notice. Who ever heard 

 c e farmer being injured in or about tbe 

 breastwhen following his plow 1 Such o thing is 

 now only in the history of the past, when wo were . 

 boys, and our father's plows were mode under the 

 old constitution. This is an oge of improvement 

 nnd experience, and we must be reaii> 

 students to keep up with the age. 



Your having o team steady, and attractive, and 

 well broke, setting the bolt, ond shortening and 

 letting out the tugs is oil correct ; and sinking the 

 first furrow, nnd straightening and inverting when 

 you plow green sward or other lands, is equally 

 right, and about a Plow Boy being a discoverer, '- , 

 alio true. Rut to walk outside ol the fuirow, or 

 talk of breaking ribs or fraoloring breasts, is all 

 out of order and not true. If your plow kicks, (as 

 Buckeyes lay.) there Is something not right about 

 the draft, and the manufacturer did notunde 



:ss2»afi 



