[OOSE'S RttRAL 3f£W~YOftKEIt. 



IULY23. 



tbo wcond is immediately tmporlt 

 u.Jcarorto m** 10 '* P e '■ , i nen, aod br 

 mu»l diiobuw our minds of the i 



ported tbom until able to cure for thcmselvi 

 impress'On false in theory and injurious in 

 lice. We rear and educate them because « 

 them, and not from the identical motives which 

 induces us to rear a horse. 



2d. Wo must consider thul our boys are reason- 

 ing beings, and, like "boys of larger growlb," 

 are influenced by motives. They must have in- 

 centives to action, like ourselves, based ou consid- 

 erations of personal advantages. They are not 

 machines which can he wound up nl stated inter- 

 vals, and then left to the performance of their 

 staled ta>ka, hut thinking, miniature men, that 

 DSe4 ihc stimulus of direct and controlling motives. 



3d. To accomplish this end, we must give our 

 boys a direct interest in the result of their labor, 

 by allowing them, according to circumstances, a 

 tmiall or large proportion of all the products of 

 the Tann, to be devoted to their own special uses 

 and pleasures,— to bo their own. Prudence and 

 judgment must determine, on the part of the pa- 

 rent, whether this proportion is to he a half or u 

 hundredth, or something intermediate; and, ac- 

 cording to the disposition of the boy, bow these 



>sted; but, 

 direct interest 

 result of all bis labor. Thus situated, his n 

 to industry,— to studying the principles o: 

 mking himself generally 



i tiie 





idl.g... 



n bin prnfessio 



ethe 



ind equally efficient in their operation. 



4th. Our hoys must have ready access to the 

 best agricultural reading. Iteautiful and enter- 

 taining periodicals on farming must bo constantly 

 before them, and their attention frequently called 

 to whatever may appear worthy oi their thought 

 and reflection, 



5th. Our homes must bo beautified, and our boys 

 must assist io making them beautiful. Encourage 

 tbem to plant tices, cultivate flowers, gravel the 

 walks, paint the out-houses— anything, indeed, to 

 create interest and a love of rural life. 



BUl We must allow ourselves never to fed, and 

 so express a sentiment of dissatisfaction in rcfer- 





,, and so does 

 ire is the only 



every intelligent man, that agi 



truly noble profession in exit 



best, are hut mere iucidenlols- 



we tolerate because of necessity. These truths 



we must act, and our boys be made Io feel. 



7tb. We must leach them by precept and exam- 

 ple that intelligence and gentlemanly accomplish- 

 ments are the cultivator's birthright; that the 

 accomplished agriculturist is the high priest of 

 Nature, and needs to be initialed into all her mys- 

 teries ; that these are his duty and interest. They 



LETTER FROM KANSAS. 



is. I hope this may put some on their guard, 

 and may set others thinking. This is my first at- 

 tempt, and nothing short of twenty-five years ob- 

 rvanceofthisgroningi-i it ».. old have induced me 

 appear in print, and I confidently hope and trust 

 the remedy will be given, very much to the benefit 

 of the horse and his owner. * j. n. 



eheads, Chemung Co-, N. T., 18S9. 



ing I found a 

 t with great 

 Here I am. 



that we cannot fori! them,) last eve: 



copy of the Ri.uial Nkw-Vobkki: i 



where I am stopping, and perused 



pleasure, although I saw, but did n 



fore I left my home in Attica, N. V 



however, end to improve the time, will send you 



some notings of the country, soil, etc. 



The one groat difficulty in traveling in this 

 country, especially during the rainy times, is the 

 numerous small rivers aud creeks, as we have no 

 bridges, nnd when those sudden rises happen, we 

 must hold up till the waters subside. The land- 

 scape view.- here are magnificent beyond descrip- 

 tion. Any person in Western New York who has 

 been on the highest spot in the village of Oencseo, 

 and looked north-west over the Genesee Valley, 

 can have tome idea of a thousand (even now in the 

 state of Nature) just such prospects in Kansas. 

 No other person can ever approximate to an ap- 

 preciation of the natural beauty of this Territory 

 Aud the country is good as well as beautiful. I 

 claim thai the ttOM in Kunsos adds millions to her 

 value over any prairie country I have ever seen. 

 So fur as I have been, there is an abuudanco for 

 fencing and building purposes, thus supplying tbo 

 scarcity of timber. The stone are mostly Time nnd 



not ofieu injure the land fur funning purposes.— 



Enough of timber and stone can be found on or near 



ery claim for fencing and building purposes, and 



gone, trees of quick 



supply all future dc- 



This is one important feature of the 



Another is, it Is generally rolling. While 



iio, Indiana, 



many of the prairie lands in Westi 

 Illinois, and other Western States, are flat for 

 great distances, those of Kansas are almost in- 

 riably rolling, in some instauces so much 



o be culled mounds or bluff: 



The 

 i ioose— the r 



'-"V" 



is that— tbo soil being rich 



matter how heavy or long 



ing the earth, pass off, sod do not stagnate and 



kill vegetation. So the fanner is sure nf bis crop 



whether it rain or shine. This in ft feature peculiar 



to Kansas which cannot be too highly valued. 



Where I tit is oue of those beautiful rolling 

 prairio bottoms, surrounded partlj by skirts of 

 timber along the creeks, and partly by mounds or 

 gently swelling bluffs. Between these groves and 

 mounds u, apt-end out as splendid a lawn, for a mile 

 a the eye ever rested upon, tenanted all over 

 unsurpussingly beautiful 

 o blush unseen." Among 

 e Prairie Pink, resembling, 

 -«. our garden Sweet William, 

 but of* much brighter ttn j k» i ■ , / 



ats uset was n, * d sho,T J color - Last night, 



' B m*i n charming *p t in all its 



gorgcousuess. Th.p^,, nt( 



mellow luster to the scene, wbich gav c a heaven- 

 like peace to our weary sp 1M ta, ond we S0Qn fcuuk 

 into repose. This seems to me u> be •• the land of 



lower,. '-bor' 

 t numerous u 



SOMETHING FOR HORSE OWNERS. 



Id] 



eked i 



Why are so many horses lame? Echo answ 

 why? Lameness is so common that we can rai 

 see aborselhat is not either lame, or stiff and » 

 As we pass along the street it is seldom we si 

 horse moving freely, or standing with his hi 

 and feet in a natural position, but generally find 

 some with one forefoot set out as far as it can bo 

 reached. — others with both thrown forward.— 

 some with contracted hoofs favoring their ttct, — 

 some standing tip-toe, with their knees beat for- 

 ward,— others sprawling like a bear on their pas- 



l t i rD9 some with sunken breasts or shrunken 



shoulders,— many with cracked hoofs, ridged sur- 



f UCCB and more with contracted heels. Io it is 



rare to see a perfect foot mi u horse after he i* fin- 

 years old. 



Have you ever examined the foot of your horseV 

 Its parts are somewhat complicated, yet their de- 

 sign is simple and obvious. The foot is not as it 

 appears to the careless eye, a mere solid lump of 

 siblc bone fastened to the leg by a joint, it is 

 i up of a Beries of thin layers or leaves of 

 horn, about five hundred in number, nicely fitted 

 :h other and forming a lining to the foot it- 

 self. Then, there are as many more layers belong- 

 > what is called the coffin bone and fitted into 

 this. These are elastic. Take a quire of paper 

 id insert the leaves one by one into those of an- 

 her quire and you will get some idea of the ar- 

 ii -.in.' nt ul these several layers. Now the weight 

 the horse rests on as maoy elastic springs as 

 there are layers in his four feet, aud all this is con- 

 ed not only for the easy conveyance of the 

 horse's own body, but of human bodies and whal- 

 er burdens may be laid upon him. In the first 

 ace the colt is taken in hand to break. Tbo own- 

 ', perhaps, not a judge of colts, thinks ho will 

 ake rather a fancy horse, and he tells the black- 

 smith that he wants the colt shod forward, — wants 

 done io the most scientific style in order to make 

 his foot look nice, cut the bcel down so as to have 

 wide heeled shoe, cut away the frog, dress out 

 the bottom of the foot and " do it up brown "— as 

 colls should be shod scientifically the first time — 

 he nails home, clinch fast, and dout be afraid 

 rasp. The job finished, the colt looks as if 

 dd travel, and if there is any trot in him it 



The question is again asked, What ii 

 F this lameness* I trust i 





ABOUT HORSES. 



Iditoks:— In the Rural of April Bth 

 portrait nnd description of the lilack 

 Hawk horse "Philip Allen," which was nil very 

 ■JkCJl j but 



IBB rfihjm/ri Luat-vqu. 



of Livings!. hi mi! ..If... 





mcthing that would set fanners to thinking that 



it possibly might be as well to propagate from a 



ry different class of horses. Gilford and lilack 



uwk Morgan horses have been all the cry hare 



for the last twelve or thirteen years, and the horses 



Onondaga county, at least, have been fast run- 



; down all this time, I think the colts raised in 



s vicinity at the present time do not average 



er nine hundred pounds in working coiiditi.ui. 



The Morgan colts will not average that. What arc 



colts worth to farmers* Are they the kind 



in the stiff soil of old Onondaga or Livings- 



or draw the products of said soil to market? 



as for speed, it is nil in the papers, or sires, 



the colts certain!) have no busiuesson the road 



nth the colts that we used to raise fifteen years 



go. Great judgim ui i-lnmlil he used in crossing, 



ut I think for most of our mares the stallion 



should be l.r.j hands high, well proportioned, and 



igh 14 to 16 hundred pounds. If it takes him 4 



nutes to go a mile over our common roads his 



stock will be worth keeping at least, and as for 



selling, nine out of ten will sell at three or four 



years old at fifty per cent more. Look about the 



iiutry; what are our best farm teams r Go into 



ir cities —what are Hie best coach horses, or besl 



lliug horses there? But enough for the first 



South Onondaga, N. Y., 1SC9. J, \v in ,,, 



Keu.miks — Wc cheerful I > give place to the abovo, 



and shall not now particularly dissent from its 



usions. We may remark, however, that many 



of the farmers of Livingston, Monroe, Ac., find it 



profitable to breed small than large horses, 



e former are in greater demand and bring 



r prices than I he latter. Extra size, weight 



trength are necessary Tor some purposes, yet 



ime when " style and speed " are the fashion, 



horses which abound in nerve and muscle (and 



only weigh from POO to 1,100 lbs.,) are the most 



profitable to breeders who mi p ply the demand for 



id and carriage horses— and profit is an impor- 



of Mr. P., " Go into our cities— what are tho best 

 ■ch horses, or best selling horses there. ' we 

 .) that 



BLACK SPANISH FOWLS. 

 Ens. Hi bal: — Fowls are such pests to gardeners, 

 not kept in their proper place, that I have al- 

 ways been a great enemy to them. One v. at ago 

 last spring, my children got a present ol ■ fen ol 

 tbo lilack Spanish breed, and it was only with 

 great entreaty that I consented to let them keep 

 them, and seeing iu the Bubal the profits of fowl- 

 keeping, I thought I would keep an account of 

 mine. I sold a few pairs last fall for two and three 

 dollurs per pair, and kept twelve. They conj- 

 nienced laying when five months old and bare con- 

 tinued living steadily since, omitting a day in 

 every six or eight. 1 kept them worm during the 

 winter, letting them -. .-n mild duys. TI.mi i j 



rthn 





count ou the first of January, and 

 first of July I got 1,153 eggs from eleven hens — 

 two of them are half-breeds — the latter brought 

 out a flock of chickens each, and one I parted with 

 on the tenth of May. The pore bloods seldom want 

 to sit and are easily put off, I have one hen, three 

 years old, that never wanted to sit yet. 1 have kept 

 a regular account of each day's eggs, and the price 

 of those not sold, at the rote that eggs were bring- 

 ing at the lime. I could have sold more in Apnl 

 and May than they produced, nod even now I can 

 scarcely getanyto use. I mean to keep account fur 

 six months longer, and wi 

 of it 



Total- 160 S 



$88 6 



e average price. IT 



Total-»38 



fro/^Y."^" 



tiro 



IMPROVEMENT IN WELL - BUCKETS. 



Eds. Rural:— For some time I have contem- 

 plated writing concerning what I call an improve- 

 ment on the well - bucket represented in your 

 valuable paper. It is this:— Instead of taking the 

 old bucket, make, one out of a board— make it 

 square, and of the following dimensions:— Twelve 

 inches long, eight inches at the top, and eleven at 

 the bottom. This gives a good chance for a large 

 valve. Put on a heavy hoop at the bottom so as to 

 sink it readily. Instead of a rag-wheel put on a 

 break in the shape of a lever — cut a notch in the 

 said lever to fit on the cylinder, or shaft, (hat the 

 rope winds on, and you have the bucket at perfect 

 control. The lever will be fastened to one corner 

 of the curb, and at the other end fasten a strap or 

 chain with a loop so as to slide back and forth to 

 tighten the lever and hold the bucket at any point 

 you please. This is the best fix for lifting water out 

 of the well that I have ever tried. 



Before closing this I must make inquiry of you 

 Empire citizens, if you can beat or come up to the 

 size of a Parsnip that I dug the other day. I had 



get my post-auger to get it out, and did not get 

 all of it at last, as the bottom was crooked and the 

 cut it to pieces, but what I got measured 4l< 

 feet in length, and 15}^ inches around the tor. 



Rural Spirit of tlje JJrcs; 



if corn to the a 



SOWING WINTER RYE WITH BUCKWHEAT 



Ens.: — In a late issue of the Rui 

 quires whs* has been the experienc 

 Winter Rre wi th But* ' 



jg Winter Ry e wi th Buu 



yTsLUit: imrrS. j juiujVBr r purchased 



>w land from which the wood bad recently 



been cut; took po--,-- . um nn the -'Kb ol May; grub- 

 bed, cleared aud plowed nineteen acres, and spread 



)n 500 bushels of lime, and sowed fifteen 

 bushels of buckwheat, fifteen of rye, and two and 

 half of clover seed,— harrowed all iu together,— 

 finished about the eighteenth day of July. The 

 buckwheat and rye both grew finely— an early 

 frost shortened the buckwheat, though we have 

 154 bushels of prime grain, 40 bushels of which I 



it $1,25 for seed — balance made into flour. 

 The rye made an excellent crop, well grown and 



ly filled. We had two hundred and thirty 



s, which I think will average one bushel 

 each, — the gruin is light colored and plump, — we 

 hare threshed a part of it. The clover was a 

 failure — the new ground, filled with sticks and 



was too loose for it to stand dry weather, ex- 

 cept along the edge of wagon roads, or such places 



re more compact. Soil rather sandy. — Wit. 

 PAHEir, CuuiamuKon.y J., 1th J/.,.. Y'th, ls50 



A FEW WORDS ABOUT BEES.- INQUIRY. 



Ens. Rural:— Last winter I kept over twenty- 

 hree swiirms, mid they all appeared iu good cou- 

 lition till after the last snow. A few days after 

 he snow storm I examined them, and to myastou- 

 shment I (ound that three swarms had left lor 

 laxts unknown, their hives being full of good, 

 vhite comb. I have now got twenty swarms, and 

 o-day, June 18th, not a hive has swarmed. There 

 ire quite a number that keep bees about here, aud 

 ! have not heard of a single instance of swarming, 

 ^ast year my first swarm came tho ISth of May, 

 ind they were all done swarming by this time, or 

 icarly so. I took from fifteen hives last year four 

 hundred aud ten pounds of honey. Now, what 

 the most anxious to leam, is how to try out 

 beeswax. We generally place the comb in a cof- 

 ick, put in a loo-gs kettle, and siuk it by put- 

 on weights, the wax rising on tbo top; but 

 always of a very dork color, and not fit for 

 ;ot. Will some one please give me the desired 

 mode?— R. Brail, SawUlt, ,V I'.ls.v 



TURKEY RAISING. 



Eds. Roral:— In your issue of LheSStfa ult., "A 



Reader" asks the experience of some person in 



ising Turkeys. As I have had some experience 



that line I will give it for what it is worth. As 



)n as the turkey chickens are hatched I coop 



them and commence feeding, giving ibem wheat 



ted, and boiled potatoes, together with 



of lobbered milk, not oonliuing them to 



either. Keep til 



willd 



i first, i 



consider it bad food for them. They will soon 

 learn to help themselves to insects. Jn, this way 

 we seldom lose more than one to fifteen or twenty, 

 as about that proportion are weak and p.my. I 

 consider old turkeys preferable to raise from, as 

 their vnung are stronger and need less nursing to 

 raise tb.era.-H. BaowH.Jfiirfl Pfcfn#,JficJ ,1863 



TrjR ff&mettfd well observes, " the true ec 

 omy with land is to treat it us you woold alaboi 

 from whom you wanted the most work. Let it bo 

 well fed, and there is much less danger of ov 

 feeding, than there is in case of man or animals. 

 No more should bo cultivated than can be stuffed 

 with a full supply of plant food. The sun a 



ready to give you eighty bushels 

 e, and it will not cost you a penny 

 moro to draw upon them for the necessary at 

 of beat, light, carbon, and moisture to mak 

 quantity of grain, than to make twenty bushels. 

 Here is au inexhaustible storehouse of riches, and 

 a well ted soil is the key to unlock its treasn 

 Give to the soil generously nnd persistently, and it 

 will give unto you ' good measure, pressed down 



Value of Vetchea. 



A. Woolford, of Canada Wc3t, bears the fol- 

 lowing testimony to tho value of vetches, one of the 

 niFist profitable forage ciupx in use in England: — 

 " Two years ogo 1 imported a small quantity for 

 trial, and I have pleasure in stating that the ex- 

 expectations. I have tried it on all kinds of land, 

 and it has done well on each, but I consider high 

 land the best. Have sown it on a piece of rocky 

 land, where there were not over four inches of soil, 

 and the crop was abundant. I have mowed il 

 three times in one season (upon common clay land) 

 for my horses. I have alsoeot it once for feci 

 left the second growth for seed, which returned 

 twenty bushels per acre. I should also inform you 

 that my cattle have been fed upon vetch straw this 

 winter, and I consider it much superior as fodder, 



Tna IfetD-England Fanner gives the following 

 as the mode in which more than one hundred 

 bushels of Indian corn was raised to the ac 

 the State of Maine — tbo nortRtrnmett of all the 

 States of the Union. "Mr. Willard, of Wilton, 

 Franklin Co., Me., says, that io 1858 he grew fifty- 

 five bushels, eight quarts, on half on acre, of mcr 

 chautable shelled corn, fit for use. It was done 

 after this manner: a piece of gravelly loam was 

 selected, and finely plowed ten inches deep, and 

 manured with six cords of stable manure, il 

 condition for use, one-half of which was spread 

 and covered by the plow ; the other half was placed 

 in tho hill. An abundant suppli of well-seo: 

 seed was dropped, and the surplus plants 

 thinned out so as to leave about one plant to 

 square foot of land. It was carefully cultivated, and 

 kept entirely clear of grass and weeds." 



editor remarks:— "We are glad to see o i 



and carrots, among us. Not that they hi 

 been wholly abandoned, but the culture of them, 

 , has fallen off very much. 



things. We all know that there is great differe 

 in the uutritive power of the articles which 

 use, not only for our own food, but for tho food of 

 our domestic animals; and we also know, that 

 as well as our animal 

 require this same variety for the 

 health and activity. Keep yourself on onesingli 

 article of concentrated food, and you may perhaps 

 grow fat, but you will also become sick, or languid 

 and spiritless. Sailors know this. When they got 

 into situations where they are obliged to live on 

 one kind of food, tbey find their health decline 

 and their strength and vital powers to flag, and 

 they finally have to "give up the ship.' It is, 

 therefore, a duty to cultivate a variety of articles 

 to be used as fodder for our stock, during our long 

 winters. Good bay is the staple crop for this pu: 

 pose. It is to cattle what bread is to their owno 

 the staff of their lives. But roots of different kinds 

 make an agreeable and profitable variety. In olden 

 times, when the potato rot was unknown, the po- 

 tato, being tbc easiest raised and preserved, was 

 much used for cattle food. The potato rot put a 

 veto on this root as stock food." 



Tne Kan.w* Chi,/, noting tin: advantages pre- 

 sented to the Kansas sheep-breeder, remarks:— 

 " It may not be generally known that Kansas is 

 ono of the best countries known for sheep -rui.- ing, 

 but such it is, as we have been informed by per- 

 sons acquainted with the subject. As a grazing 

 country, Kansas is unexcelled. Sheep thrive here 

 with little care, and can find plenty to feed on, 

 summer and winter; and therefore their cost 

 would bo comparatively light. With proper at- 

 tention to sheep-raising, we believe fortunes might 

 speedily be amassed, The wool could be sen 

 profitable market, at low rates of freight; 

 the business were entered into upon a scale of 

 great extent, it would no doubt induce the estab- 

 lishment of manufactories of woolen fabrics at 

 home." According to the following statement, 

 which we find in the Lawrence Republican of the 

 7th iust., some portions of the Territory have 

 taken an important position iulhe export of grain. 

 There is little doubt that very few years will wit- 

 ness Kansas furnishing its full quota of the cereals 

 for tbo sustenance of Eastern consumers. The 

 l'<pui>Uo<n says:— "One of the largest dealers in 

 grain in tbis city estimates that the surplus corn 

 in this county, shipped from Lawrence tbis sea- 

 son, will be nearly 200,000 bushels. The t,.t.,l 

 crop raised in Douglas county hi -a year was frmu 

 five to six hundred thousand bushels. That 11 

 doing well for a county that has been undef actual 

 cultivation but about two years. Now that our 

 lands arc pre-empted and a much larger surface 

 plnuted, another year will clear our farmers from 



debt, and I 



thern ou a career of permanent 

 alth." Speaking ol present in- 

 nls growing crops, the same 



,,111111.1 remarks:— "Corn , n ibis countv l.mki 

 .plcmliil. The weather has been highlv huor.iblu 

 being harvested, 



_- „jin will h 

 prospects for grain En t 



^griraltnrnl Jtlisccllann. 



i- |1M rOl Bt»v Ti!. Ac«» or Wikat!- 

 SDOOuraKe tbo production of Wheat, and 

 ■emtnatlon reliable Inforumion a* to iho 



—we hereby offer a Premium ot Os« Huhdum, Dollab 

 quality eoniUJorcti) grown io this Sun.- .luritiR the ,(,,„ 



roroi GanDis of Onimdoea, (or other oompel 

 smterested penona.) tho premium will be awi 

 Condition* and StoUmtnl.-Tho land upon 





! 



operation*, and now (Tuesday noon) tho »ky I 



i damage caused. In a large porllouof Mlchlgar 



i not yet secured, Bad much depends upon to 



leal crop Is as good as we have anticipated an, 

 ■ed-luough not matured for cutting as early a 

 pectcd, especially white wheat 



any County and l>i-iricl As. S.H-lelie* in tills and 

 her Slates offer yearly copies of Hie Kueal N^- 



The E"chay^c£7^ r n^ 



Iiwresses at Fairs. — A correspondent sapgc«ta 

 jss. T<. pr. ive lis unpraclicabllll;, however, it la only 



Babo 



IrTrT* 



ISZX&M 



T$S£ 



At. \ 









Co., wi 



















deby 

























i application, and we r 







71 



a nch Information, 





oti.-We are indebted 



to Don, A. B. 







Hornby, Steuben Co , 



•or a barrel of 

















cnlh-' -' 



'::;' 



(like editors !j and furl 

 oity people can obtain 



—good enough 











>erj ks-eiied hi* crop nearly oue half. 





Onto 



TYhea 



I Cbop —The Seerelar 



of tbo Ohio 



Board c 



f Agr 



culture hos vL.ltcd the 



o. at growing 



^ , -Qui letters and exchanges 



- . it.ii -The Fair ..f IfcUl 

 , |„- held no lac Da.' Grounds In Caunn.lntgiu 

 ,, 29ih and 80th. The liegulstions, 1'reialun 

 uf llio usuol progressive, ami liberal eanra 



