MOOKE'S &XJ&AL K3EW-YO&EEX. 



Inquiries ani) ^Insuicrs. 



■ good fotkmg op of tb 

 er, followed by a mulching of refuse stuff 

 would have naved. It is strange tUt people will 

 upend their money for trees and allow 

 before their eyes without an eflort to 

 The dry weather affected the Vioetadle Gaudex 

 very materially. The peas ripened up without 

 giving half a trnp, and the early potatoes are few 

 and imtfl. Corn can endure a great amount of 

 beat and dry weather if the ground is kept mellow. 

 ■mg the soil is the greatest protection 

 against cul effects from drouib. A good hoeing 

 among ttio garden vegetables or what is belter, a 

 forking is as good as a shower. This it is pretty 

 hard to make people believe, but whoever tries it 

 will be satisfied of its truth. Within the few days 

 put we bave been blessed with copious showers, 

 and all nature is revived. 



Many v»rirlies of Qfrrritl arc still on the trees. 

 Ourraut» and Uoottbirriu are ripening, as are the 

 RotpbtrrUi. Oo these small fruits we lhaH giTS a 

 chapter nftT a little iurther opportunity for exam- 



VINE CUITTTRE AT HAMWOSDSPORT. 



Uimi at Hammondsport to-day, and waiting 



for the shower to pass, a sensible man who hod the 



1 1 to me to read for the limo being. It 



seemed very much like shaking hands with an old 



friend lo lake hold of the old familiar sheet. 



It's a beautiful drive from Rath, and the best corn 



1 hare seen was along the route, several fields 



being in ta**<l, and some showing silk. The wheat 



along the hillnides looked beautiful. It will not be 



harvested till next week, (the 16th and later.) 



Other crops, except gross, nre looking very well. 



But what moil Atruok toy fancy, is the tendency 



■ inning lDB farm its on the north side 



of the valley. The hills rise rather abruptly lo 



quite a distance, and are being rapidly Converted 



Thi attempt to raise grapes in Ibis 



region ba* been very successful, and it will be but 



.- r-m sing or talk of their 



I lis," They are cot, us a general 



well as they 0tigb1 oi mfghl w»o ovi ■ 

 ■ ■ [niteod of j'l.i ■■ 



■ Lonld trench them low 



1 irroeu about 9 feet wide, running 



round the lull. Tbe fruit will ripen much bettor, 



for no part of one row will shade the other; bo- 



wiafl u sciious 



diH'icidly upon thee steep hills. 



The land already appropriated to the vine in the 

 towns of Crbauii and Pultncy would be quite nu 

 i m, Ultimately all the available land 

 will be used for that purpose, and will add largely 

 b) the ffHltb of these towns. It will be but a few 

 years before the domestic wines will entirely su- 

 persede the foreigu article. Pic-plant, currant and 

 ltuiic virus -,-.ui In* produced to un unlimited cx- 



MAMMOTH RHUBARB. 



i i ], :— Col . J.F. Moroax, of our village 

 to-day presented me with a stalk and leaf of rhu- 

 barb, grown by himself,— which would throw 

 Maivsu's entirely into the shade, especially if placed 

 over it,— the dimensions and wetghl 

 are as follows i— Length of stem, 23% inches, cir- 

 ■ , inches; weight of stem, 1% lbs.; 

 eight of stem and leaf, 3 lbs. 11 oi. ; length of 



km, 1 li'i I ■ 



uofai 



inn', " feet 'J inches; 

 M. Noktox, Akron, Eri, 



Oxb of our subscribers brought us a branch of 



ie Flowering Currant, covered with 

 shown in the engraving. On cxamir 

 through a glass we found they am 

 ransporeot eggs, attached togetbc 

 f gropes. These we sent to our 

 poudent, Jacob St* 

 who with his usual courtesy and promptness fur- 



.u Bubal;— Yours with the enclosed twigs 

 of a gooseberry bush, i.os I judged,) covered with 

 small brown excrescences, or "scales covering 

 masses of transparent eggs," as you Btate, are the 

 remains of the female scale insects— a species of 

 Caeeidas, an order embracing several genera and 

 species. 



tare a prolific race, and like the aphides, 

 d annoy- 



tbe horticultur 

 They have become so coi 

 .rsery is infested with o 



and arboriculturis 



These 









remarkably di 



almost evory species being peculiar to some 

 particular plant, so that they usually bear the 

 of the plant they feed od ; for instance, the 

 : cacti, found on the cactus opuntia, or prick- 

 ly pear tree, in South America, produces the 

 commercial cochineal, and with several other 

 species, used for their coloring matter, are cul- 

 tivated by certain attention lo the breeding of 



dork colored fluid often exudes from some 



species common with us, and perhaps at the 



proper season, treated as the cochineal insect is, 



they might prove a good substitute. I would call 



cntion in that direction. 



There is this singular fact that many of these 



lecls, when fully matured, become more and 



■ ■.', losing all traces of articulations 



the body as well as of tbe limbs, becoming, in 



it, inert, and fixed masses of animal matter, 



motionless, and eventually a dry, senseless scale, 



under which, however, the numerous eggs are 



hatched and sheltered until tbey venture forth to 



IPTlie males are much smaller and more active 

 than tbe females. Fig. 1 and 2 from, beneath one 

 of these scales sent me, are highly magnified— fig. 

 of the twig with its scaly granulations 

 upon it. 4, an enlarged scale. 



The lemulcs have n three-jointed promiueit, ap- 

 parently arising from the breast, capable of being 

 greatly extended, which they insert iuto tbe bark, 

 Ac, of plants— tbe males appeal' to be destitute of 

 of a mouth of any kind, become winged and fly 

 about. When at rest their single pair of wings 

 are carried horizontally— one covering the other. 

 Fig. 5 and 5 — 1 illustrates tbe Puct-lo oooevt, male 

 insect, much like the c. cacti. Several species of 

 birds, such as the chic -n-dee and wren, prey upon 

 them, A minute Ichntumonou* fly also oviposits 

 into the female cocci, for a nidus, and thereby 

 many are destroyed, and a check put upon their 



LliOi RntnuRB.— Having noticed an article 

 your valuable paper beaded Large Stalk of Vicloi 

 Rhubarb, end asking ell to beat it, ond as a neig 

 bor Of mine, Mr. C. A. Dittos, has fairly done 



I will give you the dimensions. The length 

 stalk, exclusive of the leaf, was 2(. inches ; largest 

 cirunm fere nee, V inches, and weight, 2 pounds and 



II ounces, which exceeds the weight of Mr. Finn's 

 by eleven ounces, leaf and stalk together, llnl , a* 

 we consider the stalk the most valuable part, we 

 have made no account of the leaf. However, I 

 don't see how Mr. M arsu gets so large a circum- 

 ference of the leaf t B o small a diameter. I am 

 Burt it can't be by geometry, or else be bos token 

 one more lesson than I have. Perhaps he can 



I Brink he will bave to try 

 ■j#ia._GtO T.mws,,, /.;;„„.. Srit <•„. X Y „ 



Rnr "* n " ° ■■ " o«U \ M,. i,, speaking of 

 a sUlk of rXubari which weighed fi/Um ouncu. 



says, "beatit who 



brought a stalk 



weighed on my small scales, 



ounce*, clear of leaf. He has 



. i 



My neighbor.) I tUjZJBB, 



rillage market which 



ud and eleven 



c«ly u large. 





Wiu-n'om anu Qiace O.om—iO 



>■.■■■' <■■''■ ■■■. — The. *ona 



JW daserUft n the wire-worm. Enough salt to 



- dU destroy tbe plants. If salt had 



bc*u g, T , u t ar |y ia |h e season, so that its strength 



might hate been expended before tbe plants were 



set, enough might hove been given to trouble the 



worms, and destroy some of them. Salt mil d«- 



il will require a very large 



dose-eneuiih we wouU tbink to |)n;TerJ t the growth 



of all vegetate f or B , .., 



Where these iusects once gain possession of a 

 plant or young tree, its disfiguration and death ia 

 almost eei tain, tin r.m-b exhaustion, by the myriads 



prompt and energi iic action, otherwise it is next 

 to impossible to exterminate them. 



The recipe of Mr. Harris is perhaps the best, 

 which is to make a wash composed of eight parts 

 of water, two of sofl-soap, with quick-lime enough 

 added to bring it to the consistency of a thick 

 white-wash. This ought to be laid on early in 

 June, when the insects are young and tender, with 

 a brush covering tbe surface of the branches ond 

 filling the cracks with it. 



Tbe apple tree bark louse noticed in your i 

 f July S>lh. (vol. 10, No. 23,) I judge is si mil a 



be M formi* of QONRLIS. Fif 



epresents some that I found on an apple 

 .eautifully striated, covering numerous ovale 

 — 1 is a section showing a lower ridge Fig. 

 species found on the lilac, of a drab color, ond 

 oval shape. In last year'e Rural, vol. i>., ji 

 (No. 29, July 7,) you figure the vine Bcnle i 

 FHg. is the OOCCUI vtii*. as I have seen it repre- 

 sented, and is a different species. Fig.Tis a 

 tiful pearly species, checkered with radiating dark 

 spots, (7—1, tbe underside and posterior end 

 ed up, wlnrli I found on a grape leaf— a i 

 specimen only — and may belong to o different 

 genus. Fig. 10 is taken from a branch of maple 

 (Acre Datycarpurt Wild,) an ornamental tre 

 the S. W, comer of South QuecD street, iu 

 city, giving the tree a very unsightly aspect 

 will evidently be its destruction* if nothing is t 

 speedily. 



This latter belongs to the wooly tribe of scale 

 insects Their eggs are so numerous that their 

 bodies are insufficient te cover them, hence tbry 

 have the faculty of emitting a fine cottony excre- 

 ment, of » viscid consistency, capable of being 

 drown out into the linest cobweb-like threads, of a 

 pearly whiteness. The embedded eggs are ex- 

 ceedingly numerous and of an oval shape. My 

 I;miii uv , wrote an account of this 

 species in the ft™, Journal, for \i:A, and pro- 



prove a species of tyrthttui Bote, the Uionopt of 

 Lbacb. I hove my eye on some close at band, on 

 tbe maple referred to, and shall become better ac- 

 quainted with this insect, as to its transformation, 

 before long. Much more might be said on this 

 subject, but this is already sufficiently lengthy. 

 Ever reody to respond, I am very truly yours, 



DISEASED PEAE THEES. 



Messrs. Emrons :— In reading (in your paper of 

 Saturday List i the very interesting utid instructive 

 proceedings of the Fruit Growtrs' Socitly of Wett- 

 ,, w York, I find that Dr. Si-encb, and other 

 members of suid Society have been troubled with 

 'a mysterious disease utHictmg their pear trees." 



Having for a number of years noticed the differ- 

 nt phases of said disease, ond tried various reme- 

 lies therefor, I have by tbe merest accident 

 liscovered a certain remedy. It is this:— Care- 

 fully examine both body and limbs of your trees, 

 rilh a sharp knife as carefully remove the 

 bark of the diseased ports, leaving only the 

 inner bark, with but a small portion, if ODy, 

 i outer bark remaining thereon. The second 

 rd day thereafter, give the body and limbs a 

 thorough coating of soft soap. Do this in the 

 ier months. 



rpn-i 



,!v ,■ 



the t 



disease; yet from having seen the tracks, but 

 the worm itself, I believe it to be caused by a 

 v small worm, the egg from which it is pro- 

 ■ il huviiig 1 ir i-ii deposited in the outer bark, by 

 ie insect at present unknown to fruit growers. 

 its first stages the disease discovers itselfby 

 brown or purplish specks showing through the 

 clear and otherwise healthy outer bark. 



I bave tried the above remedy two summers pre- 

 ous to the present, and with decided success in 

 ■ery instance. Geo. C. Bebcbbh. 



Livonia, N. Y.,1858- 



American Black Rah pampas.— The finest quart 

 of Raspberries we hate thus far seen the present 

 season is one of the Jmwiean Blacky presented us 



iarket, near Rochester. Mr A. thinks they will 

 rove more profitable than any other sort ; for, 

 although injured by the. Juae frosts they are yield- 

 good crop. The specimens sent us were the 

 largest we hnvo ever seen, as large ns Antwtrps are 

 lually grown. 



— A fine basket of the same sort came to band 

 st as we were going to press, from II. II. Doolit- 

 e, of Oaks Corners, Ontario County. Mr. D. 

 ls made a specialty of this fruit, and bis system 

 of propagating and managing the plants was given 

 the Rural of March 5th. Though far inferior 

 quality to the Antwerps, Brinekle'a Ora not, etc., 

 tbe hardiness and productiveness of the plants, 

 ,d the firmness of tbe berries, mukes the Am-.ri- 

 •i Black Ji.tsjilnrri/ very popular and piolltuble 

 a market fruit. 



Pif-Fi.avt Wine.— Some time since we received 

 from the Oneida Community several bottles of wine, 

 madefrom pie-plant, the native grape, and currants. 

 Thelobelson the bottles did not correspond with 

 the description given in a note accompanying 



would have done. One bottle of the pic-ptant wine 

 bad a strong ihtrry flavor, and it seemed fully 

 equal to any of our domestic wines. We hope the 

 time is not far distant, when not a single bottle of 

 wine or spirits will be imported. We have soil 

 enough, and can raise fruit enough to make all tbe 

 wines, and cordials, and syrups we need. There 

 is no use of spending our money for foreign 



UNION SHADE TEEE ASSOCIATION. 



Tub beauty of a village, as every person of taste 

 is aware, does not depend on its showy buildings so 

 much as on its shady trees. Any place properly 

 ornamented wfth trees is handsome ; without them 

 the most costly architecture is bare and unattractive. 

 The citizens of Union Springs, a thriving village on 

 the banks of Cayuga Lake, resolving to profit by 

 these tntilis, formed an Association, with the fol 

 Hawing regulations in substance :— Each member 



pays an admission 

 plied in procuring 



plant — any additio 



o 





I dollar, wbicb isap 









forty or fifty d.dUrs- 

 ,J.iy laborers tube expem 



re committee, after expl 



ing the adjacent country, found a fine natu 

 nursery ul maples and other native trees, whi 

 they secured at live dollars per hundred. Thev 

 dug iriM tkt roots, (the roo 



1 off in such C 



edis"- 



patcbed for them. Over six hundred 



been thus procured at a small c.wt, and have been 

 placed ulong the streets; and if bolf of them grow 

 and flourish, . ■ i .irktt valueof 



the lots thev adorn, .it l-?a=t ten times the amount 

 of the expenditure. This may not be the best 

 mode, m every pai tn-'ular, of accomplishing so de- 

 siralle an i.bjVel; but it may furnish hints for an 

 improved mode of proceeding in other places. It 



Bom an 



hargj here. 





Bos Un 



r. ro« S«aw. 



r™—WUI roo. 



™° n * b „?" 



TJZTZ 



tta te b."meZl°' 









Urel,. or .,»<! 





luomiriuf. 





clng ipaded, be b< 



Tbe .oil 1, 





and pard, .bsded 



ma.-T T 



m«,Jf(oi,18». 



Spade the turf under 



deep. Work the 



mixed. Tins is better than burying il at tbe bot 

 torn, or spreading it on thi [| | .■;, 



shaded with f L ,.. •, A ill ls 



"draw" upon the soil as to injure the strawberry 



CROCUS bulbs, if taken up after the lop* haTe 



ed, tuns, here-planted in the Autumn. It is best 



allow them to remain in the same bed about 



throe years, then take up and re-plant, or they 



will become too thick ond the ground impoverished. 



ood qualities. Now 



will you, or eomo 



perlencein the mall 







particularly rosp- 



ackberrieaf Uow ft 







d bo most depend- 





p raspberry answer 



l believer In tlio strongest 

 doses of allopathy, and by way nf retaliation, I should 

 like to bare him lake his own physic, 

 effects, the re-meii) it worw (has thi EL \ ., 



S*n*ca Co., A'. 71,189*. 



While leaving these inquiries to be 



the main, by our readers, we will give a few 

 facts. Raspberries and strawberries arc too ten- 

 der and pemlmble to ship a gTCOl 



- ■■ • -■- ■• - -~~~ -pi,,, , 

 a good market cannot pnl I 

 profitable use than in growing these fruits. 

 Generally, the Itcd Antwerp would not be injured 

 this section by the winters, though occasionally 

 ; canes are more or less killed. Large growers 

 • market, even around New York city, find it 

 in- pie III able to lay doivu the canes in the fall, 

 d cover them with a little eortb. The growth 

 the spring is more vigorous, the crop better, 

 and perfect safety secured against nn unfavorable 

 The Dorchester, or High Bush, and the 

 New Kochelle arc tbe two best varieties of black- 

 berries. Which would prove best for field culture 

 say. We would plant a portion of each. 

 nt is a most profitable crop when well 

 inr people don't begin to know thevalue 

 of this fruit. Tbe currants sold In OUT markets 

 things, grown without care or culture, 

 not prized, nor do they deserve to be. 

 For the last two seasons the gooseberry caterpillar 

 has been exceedingly destructive to the currant 

 here, destroying not only the fruit, hut in many 

 the plants. The raspberry may bo planted 

 for field culture .1 or 8J^ feet each way, so as to 

 admit horse culture both ways, or 2 feet apart in 

 the rows, and the rows 3 or 3 1 j feet apart. A lit- 

 tle wider planting is necessary for the blackberry, 

 as it makes a larger growth. Some cultivators 

 set raspberries as wide as five or six feet apart 

 and three plants to each hill. Nothing keeps bet- 



the c 



edelie 



Thos 



., and in tbe 



Wasu to Destroy Ixsects.— In the Journal of 

 tht Horticultural Sodttt, of PhrU, it is stated 

 an excellent wash for destroying insects is n 

 by boiling \% pints of water, 02 groins of red 

 American potash, and tbe same number of sul- 

 phur, and the same of soap. If it is necessary tc 

 make it stronger, double the quantity of sulphui 

 and of potash, leaving the sonp the same. Immer- 

 sion for a second kills ants, large caterpillars, and 

 cockebaffer grubs. Tbe solution does no barm tc 

 plants. This is important, if true, and il can bt 

 easily tested. The large white grub of the Cock 

 c7iaftr, or as it is commonly colled here, tbe May 

 Bu/j, has been doing a good deal of mischief tht 

 Ia3t two or three years, particularly to strowberry 

 beds, by destroying the roots. Specimens have 



beds olmost ruined. The potatoes, too, they hove 

 attacked most voraciously. Last summer wo as- 

 sisted D. N. Langwobtht in killing about twenty 

 in one hill of potatoes, the tubers being almos 

 entirely eaten up by them. 



Chebbies.— The cherry crop has been much bet- 

 ter here this season than for many years previous ; 

 indeed, most abundant. To many ol 

 ore we indebted for fine specimens— among others, 



to A.W..N &BXOU 

 andtoHnsRT Br. 



i for fine TiHeus Xpa», 



BEEFSTEAK, SALAD DRESSING, &c. 



i^« i»»ai.-ai u is through your agency 

 that we are favored with to mB oy v«duuble recipes, 

 I think it but right to acknowledge your benefits 

 in striving to improve and odd lothi 



.:, by contributing niy "mil«" occa- 

 sionally, so please accept tht foilow 10K (or all 

 those who are fond of preparing good things : 



Friko Bkefstbak.— Take a nice, tender steak, 

 which is about an inch thick, lay it cvraly m j 

 frying-pan, over a u.uick fire , add salt ond abule 

 boiling water; cover it close and boil twenty 

 minutes ; then add a large piece of butler, and fry 

 both side* until done. Take on to a bot platter, 

 sift pepper orer, pour oo the gravy and serve.— 

 itior to broiled steak, as it retains its 

 flavor more perfectly, and is much tenderer. 



Fricasbed Tdberv.— Cut up a small turkey and 

 rinse in cold water; put It into a stow-pno, with 

 but little wattf. If tbe water boils out before the 

 meat is tender, add more. It should be covered 

 closely, and boiled gently until done. Skim ofl 

 Jum as it rises, and when tender, add }( of a 

 lb. of butter, a large teaspoon of salt, and half a 

 one of pepper. When the butter is melted, dredge 

 in a tablespoon of flour, or rolled crackers, and 

 brown nicely. Turn the pieces, that they may 

 bave a fine color, then take them up, put a cup of 

 boiling water into the gravy, then strain It over 

 the turkey mid serve. 



Shi. .in DtiESSisr..— One cup good cider vinegar, 

 a teaspoon of oil, one of made mustard, a salt- 

 spoon of salt, and the yolk of a bard boiled egg 

 rubbed fine ; pour over the salad, and send to the 

 table. 



Battkii PuDDist,.— Five eggs beaten light; one 

 ijuait of sweet milk and one pint flour. Bake ten 

 tes without a crust, and eat it hot, with butter 

 and sugar for sauce. 



ion Pie.— The yolks of four eggs well beaten ; 

 tablespoons brown sugar; one of water, and 

 the grated nod and pulp, cut fine, of one lemon. 

 Line o plate with rich pie paste, pour in the mix- 

 ond bake till done. Beat the whites of four 

 eggs light, with four spoonsful of double rcfiued 

 white sugar, pour upon the top of the pie, and 

 bake three minutes longer, and you will have a 

 dy delicious pie.— Cora W., Lima, X. V., 1859. 



STRAWBERRY SHORT CAKE. 



. i ftVUJU Herewith pleuse lind U recipe for 



drawberry short cake, in answer to the inquiry 



it by a " Bachelor." I am somewhat interested 



thai species ol human beings, therefore l wish 



promote his happiness os far as short cukes are 



oeerned. I can make one as nice os the next 



in ikes it as I write the recipe, I eoo 



! . uuilcfmBK 11 ;.^™.;..!.; 



which dissolve one teaspoon of soda; a little 



md Bolt. This is the cnk<\ Hull your 



berrieu, dissolve sngnr in cream, and pour upon 



them. Eat it, and I guess you will not wish for 



anything better.— Mollik I'i .< - , Orov- '!■■'!, V 



"Baodbloii" wishes a rechne for strawberry 



short cuke, and calls upon some of the Mautiias lo 

 Unfortunately I do not happen to bear 

 consequently I suppose that my recipe 

 will be unappreciated ; yet, perhaps, there is some 

 (with whom Lime is a favorite name,) that 



Mrti." 



r e M 



ii- benefit of 

 ake a cake th 



t, so I w 



for soda 



for in- 

 biscuit. 



and bake 



whole. Ha 



ring pr. 



viously p 



epared 







with rich, 























the berries ond 



put together, an 



serve 



"" 



—Li 



zie, Jitly'ith 



1668. 







A BATCH OF CARES. 



li, , -event) recipe*, which 1 hope will 



prove serviceable to torn*, of the many renders of 

 the Rural. I have tried them, and I know them 

 to be good. 



RAUB0AD I-'vke — One cup full of flour; 1 do. of 

 sugar; i eggs; 1 teospoonful cream tartar; ^ of 



Mot ntain Cake.— One lb. of sugar, 1 jb. of 

 flour; ^ lb. of butter; S eggs 

 milk; 1 teaspoon of soda; a 1 

 added with the juice. 



grilled, and 



Pa i " 



_ r of butter; 2 of 

 sugar'r&of'llourrwhitcs often '**'•*?%£ 



sweet milk ; '2 teaspoons cream tartar, 



M. of melted butter; W«»P| « rf »«^ | '»' - 



teSApOOnfulB ot criain i- 



of flour ; grated peel of a lemon.-VER.TAs.a^y 



Vah,/\i. _ 



t is » ^^ Stvle.— The ilarrisburgh 



, nv a:-'- As the tomato season wiU 

 the following method of preparing 

 then for tbe table, we are assured by one who bos 

 made the experiment, is superior to anything yet 

 discovered for the preparation of that excellent 

 article :— Toko good ripe tomatoes, cut them in 

 slrces, and sprinkle over them finely pulveriezd 

 white sugar, then add cloret wine sufficient to 

 cover them. Tomatoes are sometimes prepared 

 in this woy with diluted vinegar, but the claret 

 wine imports to them a richer and more pleasant 

 flavor, more nearly resembling the strawberry 

 than anything else." 



a know the, 



Pickling Beep.— We would Ul 

 best way to pickle beef, and bow, .. — 

 way to keep beef good more than one year. Per 

 bops some of your correspondent* can tell US.— S, 



■vS^" 



