VOL. X. NO. 32. 



ROCHESTER, N. Y. -FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, AUGUST 6, 1859. 



(WHOLE NO. 500. 



MOOKE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



JHJRAL, HTERAKY AND PAJTII.Y rTOgSPAPBB, 



CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 

 With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 



r Subject* intimately ft 





Muullonal, Ulcrarj a 



Agricultural BorUoultar 



INQ.UIJKIE3 



•Ppeol 



y couch lightly at pre 





iQb. ii bo very highly 



rtr»nrn. Ward, AtUff. Co., 1 



Cattle are subject to several d iseases— Catarrh, 

 Bronchitis, Inflammation of the Lunga, etc— any ol 

 which, id diUerentstages, would exhibit the symp- 

 toms furnished us by our correspondent. In an- 

 swering qucriesof this nature we are often in doubt, 

 from the fact lout many of the 

 order— those upon which the veterinarian relies 

 for the distinguishing characteristi 

 of so little importance that they 

 mated. Hence we, like many oth 

 pursuit of knowledge under difficulties, and if 

 ID opinion is expressed at all, we are compelled to 

 find ik basi* for such expression in some extraneous 

 matt, r. ob lh<- season, age and condition of the 

 animals, sex, etc. This h our present position, 

 Bad we pronounce (he difficulty Catarrh, for the 

 TOUOO that it is most prevalent at certain periods 

 of tho year.- Spring and Autumn, — or during 

 wet. cool weather, and because young cattle, and 

 eowa after calving, are very liable to its attacks. 



Caute— It is often very difficult to say whence 



Catarrh arises. Very slight change? 



the I 



I of a 



wll i 



If cattle he crowded in 

 be betted to any considerable extent beyond 

 external temperature, you may bo confident of 

 finding it. Where the food is not sufficient tc 

 keep up the growth and animal warmth— furnish 

 iug full aud proper nourishment— it is seldom u 

 herd can be found exempt. Jn the majority of 

 cases it is tho result of mismanagement. The 

 great halt, however, is in the fact that the mis- 

 c evous character of the disease is under csti- 

 '""' , ' l * vc '"k\* is a trifling matter, in the con- 

 ^•i«-n.',ou ol tzuaij farmer. This is a grievous 

 " «_T C br ^ cllcr should bo aware of every 

 1 proper attention for a few 

 a "only a slight cold," 

 me thing that will 

 e adoption of 



beast that c 



day* will prove whether ill 



disappearing in a few days, 



nceil close 



a systematic courae of treatmel 



"there is no disease or achronit 



cattle are so seriously injured, oi 



ally so fatal to them, as catarrh 



those whoso interest is at stake, pi 



Ml,,. 



• by which 



Tlw B 



r may cough on from 



light*. 



■! 



guntit} of milk- is seriously decreasing, or she is 

 rapidly losing flesh, and then medical treatment 

 w Rcnernlly unavailing. The disease has now 

 reached the chest ; the lungs are seriously affected ■ 

 1 lid for confirmed consump- 



■■■ appetite has not failed, 

 " observable on the munle, and the 



uwever. the muzile be drr, the 



ng is perceptiblt 



root of the horn hot, 

 at the flanks, {light a: 

 for food, the usual mode is to bleed. The author- 

 ity before quoted remarks:— To bleeding should 

 succeed a dose of Epsom salts, with half an ounce 

 of ginger in it. The latter ingredient will pre- 

 vent griping, promote perspiration, and 

 the rumen to action, Hot, stimulating drinks 

 be avoided. To the foregoing add warmth, i 

 mashes, warm drinks, warm gruel, and a 

 \ intilated warm constable. The following drinks 

 "■ill be found useful: 



For Cough and Fiver. — Emetic tartar, or, 

 drachm ; powdered digiialis, hall a druchm ; nitn 

 three drachms. Mix and give in a quart of tolert 

 bly thick gruel. 



F<>r Pttrgina. — Epsom salts, one pound; po« 

 dered caraway seeds half an ounce. Dissolve i 



preparation of roil, A--., and oblige— A YodnoFaomek, 



The bat time for " seeding down to grass" is a 

 disputed point. Here, as in all other departments 

 of labor npon the farm, we will find conflicting 

 opinions— Spring and Fall have special advocates. 



i well and roll with a heavy roller; spread 

 , well-rotted manure, evenly and freelv, and 

 •ow thoroughly. If the incipieut measures be 

 carefully and properly taken, a good crop can he 

 insured for a very minute premium. The smaller 

 the seed the finer should be the manure, and the 

 more necessary that it be well incorporated with 

 the soil. Winter killed grass fields arc rare where 

 all the labor has been skillfully aud willingly per- 

 formed. In the N. Y. State Transactions for 1886 

 Wm. M. Holmes, of Greenwich, Washington Co [ 

 thus describes a trial of fall seeding to timothy. 

 He "divided a piece of land in the centre, and 

 sowed half of it with seed and oats together, ihe 

 other half sowed out3 alone— and turned it over 

 shallow after the oats were off, and sowed half a 

 bushel of timothy per acre. This was about the 

 1st of September, aud it gave more lull feed than 

 the spring seeding. The next summer, the spring 

 seeding was full of weeds, while the fall seeding 

 was all clear timothy. Equal amounts of land 

 gave:— Spring seeding, 3,840 lbs.; fall, 5, 004 lbs.; 

 and the latter was worth $3 more than the for- 

 mer. ' \\ ill not some Rural correspondent give 

 his experience for the benefit of our young friend, 

 as well as for all others who may desire similar 



— We shall be glad to hoar from Eon. A. Ii. D., 

 of Steuben couuty, on this subject, (und also in 

 response to the inquiry below,) as the result of his 

 experience must prove of interest and value. 





ROTBTRO that we know of more readily partakes 

 of impurities in the atmosphere than cream or 

 bullej Either kept in a room where there is 

 decaying mutter, or strong effluvia of any kind, 

 leu injured by 



airymen know Ibe imporla 



eof i 



the purest water that they coo obtain for washing 

 .utter. We have never tried water impregnated 

 nth sulphur, but we have injured butter by using 

 impure water, and that which we think far less 

 likely to work mischief than sulphur water. Our 

 correspondent can test tho mutter on a small 

 scale, and any of our readers who have had expe- 

 euce on this point will please give us the result 



Tm.K ob Tins Sowiso.— In a letter to tho Lon- 



■ ml Goiette, J. J. Meciii remarks :— 



am about to "flag" great part of a field of 



at drilled with 4?; pecks of eeed per acre. It 



o thick. Had I sown 2 bushels it would have 



- down in tbo grass. The field was wheat in 



and beans in 185S. So much for deep culti- 



on, drainage and cleanliness. A thick crop is 



always the result of n thick sowing. Much 



»ey is lost by sowing i nr( . ( , ,|„aulities on highly 



farmed lands. If i ,„, , , , - , , 



■ ■ " i ttei QUO a farmer I 



should «y:-IIoir many bushels of crop do you get 



l,l: '" l '"""» VlM-siiii, nobleman told 



VhegolatoSKtopoo,, I spiled that 



THE POTATO. 



mply an enlargemcni 



ground. On this tulijict I am vei 

 light -D. A. W„ Odhsm Co., Hdl . ISM 



Any one who will pull up a potato plant ivh 

 iinnvhiL', nid examine that portion which lives a 

 grows in the soil, will find that the main str 

 passes down from six to ten inches below the si 

 face, growing smaller as il desceuds. From tl 

 -lull; ;m abundance of niniu roots branch out, <•< 

 neeicd with which will be many small, lihro 

 roots, but on none of the=e will a potalo, large 

 pmull, be found. From this main branch will al 

 grow out small, smooth, fleshy branches, thick 



other brunches of the same character, aud on t 



points of these the potatoes are formed. At fii 

 the point is noticed as a little thickened, and 

 L-iU'luulU i. n large.- until the potato is fully gron 

 The aje& of the potatoes are merely the buds 

 these enlarged branches. 



On this subject Prof. Ghat makes the following 

 remarks: — "The potato plant has three principal 

 forma of branches: — 1. Those that bear ordinary 

 leaves, expanded in tho u i r , to digest wbattbey 



while a second set of branches at the summit of the 

 plant hears Hi. wer 4, which form fruit and seed out o 

 a portion of the nourishment which the leans ha vt 

 prepared. S. But a larger part of this nourish 

 merit, while in a liquid state, is carried down the 

 stem, into a third sort of branches under ground, 

 and accumulated in the form of starch at their 

 extremities, which become tubers, or deposit 

 of prepared solid food ; just as in the turnip, 

 lot, dahlia, Ac, it is deposited m the root. 

 use of the store of food is obvious enough. In the 

 autumn the whole- plant dies, except the seeds (il 

 it formed them) and the tubers ; aud the latter are 

 left disconnected in tbo ground. Just as thai 

 small portion of nourishing matter which is de- 

 posited in tiie seed feeds the embryo when it ger- 

 minates, so the much larger portion deposited in 

 the tuber nourishes its buds, or eyes, when they 

 likewise grow, the next spring, into new plants. 

 And the great supply enables them to shoot with a 

 greater vigor at the beginning, and to prod uc 

 greater amount of vegetation than the seed! 

 plant could do in the same space of time; wh 

 vegetation in turn rimy prepare and store up, in the 

 course of a tew weeks or months, the large; 

 quantily of solid nourishing material, in a form 

 most available for food." 



Thinking, from the similarity between the upper 

 and lower branches, that we could cause tubers to 

 grow on the stems above gronnd, by forcing the 

 buds into tubers, we made an experiment which 

 proved quite successful, and which we will endeavor 

 to make plain with the aid of the accompanying 

 engraving. About the first of June, selecting a 

 branch of the Early June variety, ubout eight or 

 ten inches or length, we cut it more than half 

 through, about au inch from the surface of the soil. 

 somewhat similar to a cut for layering. The 

 branch was then laid down and slightly covered 

 with earth for five or six inches of its length, the 

 cut part being left above ground, as also the upper 

 part of the branch. The result was as we antici- 

 pated, potatoes were formed from the buds, the 

 ones being perfect, while the two above, 

 own in the engraving, were only partially 

 changed, the youDg branch and leaves growing 

 T tbo tipper end of the potato. The branch 

 at this point was only covered with the slightest 

 sprinkling of earth. 



\\*Z7L acre 1 



I planted clgbt tli 

 of ground, and h 

 iishcls, and bad n 



oil, llrlilllj), 



I eight liun- 



Tbej lire a good eating p 



think uol null.-iwl.iL.l.-J 



a failed of a c 



:.BETVL'4Lll,.l ; 



■ lookio 





Faou the description given in the Rural of the 

 9th ult., by a Massachusetts correspondent, we 

 have not been led to think very highly of the 



\njf Ltnd. It is said to be a seedling of the 

 Merino, not a very creditable parentage, and to 

 resemble the Bohan, certainly a very bad mark. 

 Then it has another very bad trait — "the vines 

 will be fresh and green uDtil hard frosts in the 

 fall." This is enough in our opinion to condemn 

 it as a table potato. A potato with its top green 

 is immature and watery, and we reject all long- 

 growing, late sorts. They nre only good when 

 planted very early, and when the autumns are 



i ile»ire*ls expressed t 



' and they were shipped to variou 

 \ originally proenred the potatoes 



This may account for the name, but the dealers, 

 it seems to us, might have very easily ascertained 

 the name of the potato they sold, had they ap- 

 plied to the parties of whom they were procured. 

 They were certainly to blame if they sent out an 

 old variety with a new name, which, if not de- 

 signed to deceive pluuters, was very likely to 

 produce this result, causing confusion and loss. 

 But, from the following communication from an 

 intelligent English gardener, it will be seen that 

 there is a variety known in England as the Prince 

 Albert: 



eighborhood of Slough. 



Mr Kir 



> that * 



THE APLABIANS. 

 concludes bis second a: 



i Conv. 



J folly. 



cle in refer- 

 ra:— "Ifcel 

 ind last one, 



that I was forced into this 

 and in future shall make i 

 which may be made on my articles, excepting 

 when I am convinced that I have advocated some- 

 thing that is wrong, and then I will make use of 

 the same columns, in making my acknowledge- 

 ments and correcting my mistake, that first pub- 

 lished the error to the world." I cannot of course 

 tell what impelling power "forced" Mr. K. to the 

 attack. I am sure I had said nothing to bim until 

 I was centurcd, pawonaUy and publicly. Long- 

 tested, and reliable principles in bee-culture were 

 attacked, and ruinous recommendations were ad- 

 vocated instead. Did Mr. K. suppose that I would 

 sit tamely by and tacitly acknowledge that he was 

 right 1 It is rather too late for him to shift to the 

 shoulders of any one else tho origin of this contro- 

 versy. It seems he ia not going to reply to any 

 further remarks unless "convinced" that he is in 

 error. I can assure him it is unnecessary eren 

 then, for he has made bo many palpable blunders, 

 that no one would be any bttUr satisfied after he 

 had acknowledged bis mistake. Everyone would 

 have to t--'t the matter for himself. TMi is oDe of 

 the advantages growing out of such discussion — 

 people get interested, and investigate for them- 

 selves — it is the only way to get rid of the nu- 

 merous presumptuous conceits in bee-culture. — 

 How much better he has made things by writing 

 his second article — quite clear — transparent as 

 mud at lest! Let us review a little. I wish to be 

 fair in this matter, as he says I accused him of 

 what he did not say, iu order to prove something 

 to suit my purpose. 



Mr. K. says, in his lirst article, " that they (the 

 bees.) deposit their honey in the top of the hive, 

 and that after cold weather sets in they collect ia 

 the Upper part of the hive, where tbey have previ- 

 ously provided and placed theirfood." In bia lot 



"In this I claim that I a 





ion HI 



q made use of w 



being of b mnofa lie. 

 il equally as j 

 be quite as g 

 think a bettor produ. 



Flukes, being more r»i 



i, .i.-.i 



nsM, 



nglh. - Jomr Ciuum-ton, i 



We have now the variety we procured for Prin 



Ibcrt and the Flulu u -io>vmg «'de by side, ai 



though we could see do difference in Ou tubea 



color aud gem i ' ipP' ' ' 

 ribed by our cor) 

 them until digging 

 pared to express a 



We shall watch 

 then shall he pre- 

 positive opinion in 



ig. We both admit that 

 capped honey \* in the top of the bive, but Mr. Q., 

 bv his manner ol" quoting, makes me say that they 

 clnster upou capped boDey — which I did not sav, 

 norimply, as I am perfectly aware that with the 

 bee, food does not mean honey alooe." Now, 

 reader, what do you make of this 1 Can il be re- 

 conciled? He aays " they deposit their honey at the 

 top of their hive,"— "after cold weather sets in 

 they collect in the upper part of the hive,-'-" we 

 both admit that capped honey is in the top of the 

 hive,*'— "but Mr. Q., by his manner of quotiog. 

 makes me say that they cluster upon the capped 

 honey," Ac. If any other conclusion can be drawn 

 from il I cannot see it. •' Capped honey is in the 

 top of the hive," yet the bees do not cluster on it, 

 although they collect there at the beginning ol 

 cold weather. I would really like to know what 

 they id cluster upon? Ii may 



eplut 



-iih 1 



:2££g^5 



