TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.) 



'PROGRESS AND I Ml'ROVKREK?' 



[glXGLE NO. FOrR CENTS. 



VOL. X. NO. 33.! 



110CHESTE1!, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, AUGUST 13, 1859. 



1 WHOLE NO. 501. 



! 



MOORE'S RURAL KEW-YORKER, 



RURAL, UTBRAJtV AND FAJUU NBWSPAPBB. 



CONDUCTED BV D. D. T. MOORE, 

 With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 



rrThlrtj. CIul> popcn m 



i 



Qri#P> ■ ' 





: SEASON AND CROPS. 



pressed fenrs that the wet weather will induce rut, 

 but of this we observe not the slightest sign. The 

 lops never looked more healthy mid vigorous, oud 

 we confidently anticipate on abundant crop of 

 healthy tubers. Tno, or even three weeks of dry 

 weather would not result iu injury. What would 



ethe 



nil of e 



i.ofo 



fur although the rains have been so frequent we 

 Jiavo had enough of fair sunshine to enable the 

 fanner to secure these crops without injury.— 

 li right sunshine and clouds and rains have follow- 

 ed each other in quick succession— Iho day which 

 commenced clear, with a prospect of a "dry 

 spell," would meet with a change before noon, and 

 the rain descend with the greatest impetuosity, 

 causing the farmer to conclude that all work for 

 the day was over— but in an hour all would be 

 bright, the moisture soon evaporated by the sun 

 and wind, and work bo resumed with increased 

 energy. Wo hear of no complaints of injury— no 

 one even whispers of grown wheat. 



Oats, we perceive, are rapidly ripening, and the 

 •rop will be at least fair, while many fields that 

 wo have noticed in our travels will give more than 

 an ordinary yield. The BBSS is becoming a favor- 

 ite crop in many sections, and it is not uncommon 

 to see fields of ten or even twenty acres. When 

 ripened early, so us to be secured before tbo fall 

 rains, tbey are quite profitable, but tbej 

 injured, and few lots entirely escape that arc har- 

 vested during S wet time in tbe fall, Most farmers 

 we tiudbave suffered in this respect. As we have 

 been personally applied to for information, we will 

 give a few facts. IL is necessary to havo the crop 

 secured before there is danger or frost, and if the 

 beans are fully formed it is sometimes wise to 

 house them without waiting for further ripening. 

 When the season, however, is favorable, they 

 should be allowed to remain until the latest pods 

 arc turned to a yellow color. Then pull them up, 

 lay in small Leaps to dry, aud thresh as soon as 

 dry enough. This is all well, and cau be done 

 very easily if tbo weather is warm and dry. If, 

 however, cold rains should bo tbe orderol tbeday, 

 the harvesting will be IBQOll mure difficult, The 

 practice of some is to collect them in stacks 

 around stakes, with the roots in the centre. Here, 

 if Miillieieritlj ripened, and the weather is not toe 

 wet, Lhej will sure (ritllOttt a great loss; but iu 

 ' vorablo Reasons, wo h*T« seen them 

 'ally, especially if the slacks are 

 allowed to rest on the soil.— 

 the ground to make 

 rgest at the top.— 



■ 

 made larg 



the stack upon, aud make 

 This sheds tbe i 



« ill be 



,1, !■,-,. I 



advisable to re-slack them, for the s 3 | 

 that the farmer often buds it to hm mi, 

 fork over and re-slack hm hay, but this 

 I- In. I u.ntly necessary. Those who have plenty ol 

 bant room often carry thi 



to the barn, where they occupy every uvoilabh 

 •pace for drying, and in a short lime become suf 

 1 of our roaders 



know of a better method of coring, 

 do bettet than communicate the fact through the 

 i ■ is where many fail, and ilmo ..!i 



ll 



i . looking tolerably well, 

 Sue, though 



i linn an average crop. 



that late planted la , |Ulte abort, though prettr 

 - «>,h a good show of 

 POTATO!, never looked better. Some 



not say, but we see no cause for mournful fore- 

 bodings. Thus far, all is well. 



Everything but the gross crop has given, or 

 promises to give, an abundant harvest. On this 

 point great caution will be necessary, or many of 

 our farmers will find themselves unprepared for 

 the coming winter. To purchase hay at present 

 prices, or at the prices which will be likely to rule 

 the coming winter, will be an unprofitable opera- 

 tion. Tbe profits ol a good wheat or oat crop may 

 be rapidly dispersed in tbe purchase of feed for 

 cattle. Care in housiog straw, stalks, nod all 



and we notice many V4.08.nt spots on almost every 

 form where, even at this late day, we would put in 

 a little turnip seed. If the weather should con- 

 tinue moist a fine crop may be secured, that will 

 be a great help to the cattle and tbe farmer's pocket 



WHEAT GEOWTNG.-THE OTHEB SIDE. 



Ens. Rural :— Tbo opinion is getting to be very 

 general among farmers that they can grow wheat 

 again as well as ever. Tbe assertion of a worthy 

 farmer, a lew days ago, that "wo can raise wheat 

 as well now as we could twenty years ago — that 

 we might as well raise wheat as rye— and that 

 there was no good reason why we could not raise 

 wheat," is becoming tbe general opinion of a large 

 proportion of the farmers of this section. Last 

 year what little wheat there was sown in this 

 vicinity did very well. This induced farmers to 

 sow more last fall, which has made a heavy growth, 

 and where not injured by tbe June frost ia well 

 filled; and now, wheat having eseuped the midge 

 two seasons, formers think tbe insects have left, 

 and that we have nothing more to fear from their 

 ravages. 



Hut let ub see if there is no other reason for this 

 exemption from tbe nudge. Has tbe season noth- 

 ing to do with it'' It may be remembered that for 

 several years wc hod very late, backward springs 

 —that wheat was very late, not being ready to 

 harvest until nearly or quite the Brat of August — 

 and that in every one of these laic seasons tbe 

 midge has been very destructive— while tbe last 

 and present seasons have been much earlier, so 

 that wheat has been harvested some two or three 

 i iliun it bod for several years before. 

 Now, in my opinion, this explains the reason of 

 the midge not troubling tbe wheat last and this 



It ia some fifteen years since I moved from the 

 eastern part of tbe State into this county. The 

 midge bad been very destructive for some years 

 before 1 left, so that I had some opportunity to see 

 how they worked. On coming to this section I 

 found the wheat crop several weeks earlier than it 

 usually was at tbe east, so that I believed that the 

 midge would never be very troublesome in West- 

 cm New York, for that reason— although I could 

 nut altogether divest my mind of the fear that the 

 .same weather and season that was necessary to 

 bring forward and perfect the wheat crop, might 

 bring out the midge in season to destroy it. As 

 time wore on and the midge began to appear, 

 this section, I found that reasons were not want- 

 ing for both opinions. The midge first made 

 appearance here in a few late heads, near 

 fenaea, but increased in numbers and destructi 

 noss year after year, until nearly all the wheat 

 suwn was destroyed, not even excepting the Medi 



gradually growing later and later, until about the 

 time the midge was the worst their backwardness 

 was the subject of general comment by all classes. 

 Th.-u also I noticed that as tbe insects increased in 

 numbers they made their appearance earlier in the 

 seasou each year, until only by sowing early 

 tie* and having forward seasons, can we reasonably 

 expect to eicapa their ravages, 



Another thing I have noticed is, that the ml 

 in common with other iuseel depredators, is 

 as troublesome some years as others. For 

 stance, in some sections in tbe easlern part of tbe 

 State, where they have prevailed more or less foi 

 the last twenty-five years, there have been periods 

 of two or three years wbeu the midge has done 

 little or no damage. Then farmers would take 

 courage, thinking they had left tbe country entire- 

 y, and sow large fields of wheat only to see them 

 completely destroyed, there being in many m, tan- 

 grain enough | e ft to pay for hsj 



ow, Messrs. Editors, I think tl 



era ifl reason "to 



arthat sooner or 



that farmers, thinking they are 



#bltdin* mors with this p„i 



jc the case bore 



,„.ljs 



with heavy losses ami tn'W disappointments. 



Orleans Co., N. T, July, 1959. P. 



Remark. — Having discussed the proposition 

 whether wheal can aguin be successfully grown in 

 this nnd other nudge-infested sections, and perhaps 

 leaned to the bright, hopeful side, we ore glad to 

 receive and publish arguments from practical and 

 experienced cultivators who take a differeut view 

 of the subject. As no picturo is perfect without 

 both light ami sliu-Ie, sn lew questions can be prop- 

 erly understood unless both side? are presented— 

 and a full discussion, pro and con, is the best way 

 to arrive at just arid truthful conclusions. Our 

 correspondent, F , takes the dark side of the ques- 

 tion, and bis reasons and eoBoluiions ore worthy 

 parent of safety, 





. I. "A.. 



ings, and not venture too much upon an uncer- 

 tainly. In common wiih many of tbe most observing 

 farmers of this region we are of the opinion that 

 wheat culture can be safely resumed in this Slate, 

 yet would not advise farmers to "sow wheat as 

 largely as ever," but rather to exercise caution iu 

 returning to the former great staple. As we said 

 two weeks ago— alter expressing the opinion that 

 wheal could still be successfully and profitably cul- 

 tivated in tins section—" we do not wish to excite 

 hopes which may not be realized, and would nol 

 advise those who have changed from wheat grow' 

 ing to other branches of husbandry in UAfOfl thy 

 are now .w/i'rm/i'ti;/, to return at once or fully to the 

 former Btaplc. Tbe soil of a large portion of this 

 State is eminently , I '.<■■ the production of 



wheat, and ia some see tjjns— if the enemies of tbe 

 crop can bo evaded— it will probably long prove 

 the most remunerative crop that can be grown, 

 lience, we believe it advisable for those who own 

 good when', foil, and are nut ji.-ofit.ahly tuguoid in 

 ot/.'i- branches } to try wheat culture again — return- 

 ing to it gradually and on a small icalt, until 

 satisfied as to tbe *«/W^ and //mrft of a full resump- 

 tion." Il must bo remembered, that in order to 

 succeed in wheat culture— against both the midge 

 and late, unfavorable springs— the soil should be 

 rich, warm and well cultivated, and the seed of 

 early varieties and sown early. 



SEEDING TO GRASS. 



II. J. B., of Hector, N. V., says,—" I feel pretty 

 well used up in the grass seed line." He is evi- 

 dently losing confidence. May I be permitted to 

 say to him that I have confidence, although I feel 

 a reluctance in presenting my mode, for it will be 

 odd and unusual, and likely to receive more sneers 

 and kicks than coppers. I have been a cultivator 

 for eleven years, on a moderate scale— a novice in 

 the beginning. The first two years I sowed Timo- 

 thy in March, or first of April, on winter wheat. 

 It proved pretty much a failure, and since then I 

 have sowed no Timolbyaeed in the spring. About 

 that time I got an idea from an agricultural work, 

 of brining clover seed ; I tried it, and for live years 

 past havo sowed no clover or Timothy seed without 

 brining it. My mode of preparing it is, to spread 

 my seed on a smooth floor three or four inches 

 thick, sprinkle on strong brine of common salt, 

 and with a common shovel work it over, add brine 

 and work it till all is saturated -, spread it to three 

 or four inches depth, leave it for six or twelve 

 hours, or any such time, then add a liltle more 

 brine; thou on a bushel of seed would mix from 

 12 quarts to x / t bushel of plaster, putting on the 

 plaster withnseive, a few quarts at a time, and 

 shovel each parcel till tbe seed does not adhere in 

 lumps. You then have nearly twice the bulk and 

 about double the weight of your dry seed. All the 

 time lost in preparing is doubly gained in sowing. 

 1 sow it in tbe same manner that I do wheat, ex- 

 cept in the width of cast ; I go three times where 

 I would twice with wheat, and sow it as evenly as 

 wheat can be sown. 



In no instance do I sow over four quarts of 

 timothy or clover 'o the acre. I wonld sow clover 

 on winter grain about the middle of April ; with 

 spring barley, after put in and harrowed, aud be- 

 fore the roller ; with oats not at all. Oat stubble 

 may be seeded successfully with Timothy, if sown 

 the last of August or first o\' Sept., immediately 

 after a rain, and harrowed. If too dry to sow 

 early, wait and sow about tbe 30th of November; 

 it will nol then vegetate till spring. The freezings 

 aud thawuigs and washings will get it into the 

 ground about right, and it will come out right and 

 grow safely in the spring, and you will have a fair 

 crop of grass to mow the first season, though 

 two or three weeks later tban usual. The next 

 year, if your ground is rigbt, your grass will be 

 tall, if you have not put on the ground th.it - , ir 

 12 quarts of seed to Ibe acre. Sowing Timothy 

 seed about the last of September or first of Octo- 

 ber ia unsafe ; it will vegetate, but its growth will 

 be too small for a hard winter's freezing and 



HOUSE BUILDING.- No. V. 



Tor. durability of the side walls of a building 

 always depends, to a certain extent, upon the protec- 

 tion they receive from the projection! if the roof; and 

 lo support such projection is the chicl practical office 

 of the cornice, which is otherwise merely decora- 

 tive. Each of the several kinds of wood cornices 

 known by the names of bracket, modillion, box, 

 drapery or verge-board, has its own way of per- 

 forming this practical duty, Unquestionably, tbe 

 most bold ond ornamental is the bracket, which is 

 simply, in principle, a brace from the side of the 

 building to the outer end of tbe rafter, or a trian- 

 gular piece of plank fastened to the side of the 

 building, and which sustains the rest of tbe 



Fig, I illustrates one of the first kind, which 

 answers a very good purpose for small buildings 

 where tbe projection is from one and a half to two 

 feet. Such brackets may be made at the rate of 

 from fifteen to twenty per day by a good mechanic, 

 and used to a good advantage in renewing cor- 

 uicea on old buildings. One and one-fourth inch 

 llooring laid on top of the brackets upside dowD, 

 serves the double purpose of roof boards and soffit 

 or plauebcr. 



Fig. 2.— DnACKEr Cornice. 

 Fig, II shows one of the second kind, which is 

 belter adapted to cornices of a greater projection, 

 ns it gives support lo the entire soffit, The upper 

 corner is pierced ond the lower side cut away to 

 make it light, yet not weak, and the curve, which 

 should not exceed one-fourth of a circle, for half 

 a gothic arch,) appears very graceful, particularly 

 when seen from a distance. Tbe lower member or 

 foot should terminate against the building, and not 



was designed to slide down the side of tbe build- 

 ing. A portion of the upper part of the brackets 

 should run into the building and fasten to the studs, 

 or bond timber, and the rest of the cornice be built 

 upon them, instead of being suspended dangling 

 from the soffit. It seems that that style of bracket 

 which not only tools as if it supported tbe projec- 

 tion, but really docs so, and gracefully, and wbic 

 [a BUBospUbls of soy degree ol ornamentation, mas 

 be tbe type of the best bracket that can ever be 

 mvented ; and if so what can fte conglomerate 

 of curves, 0. G.'s aud fillets, hollow,, rounds and 

 beads, loaded down „„h dn-pO-dls aud pendants, 

 devised by American architects and 1 ankec 'in- 

 ventive genius," and pinned up under their cor- 

 nices with acorn, tfmvi, be but absurdities, giving 

 substantial (or -unsubstantial, rather,) evidence 



that this principle is seldom understood, and still 

 ■c seldom allowed to govern ? | , I 



he mOdillinu, which is another style of visible 

 lice support, is, or seems to be, timbers DHtfeCt- 

 through or from tbe wall. They are tbe best 

 when made of solid timber, laid into (be wall or 

 fastened to the studding, the first few inches left 

 7.e, and the outer end tapered in some orna- 

 mental shape, as shown in Fig. III. 



Fig. 3.— Moiullion Coilmob. 

 The box cornice, which is simply the covering 



up of a skeleton work with thin boards, iu imita- 

 n of some Grecian or other model, is not ns good 

 tbe others, as it does not admit of a projection 

 licicnt to protect Ust If from a driving storm, to 

 ■ nothing of (be side walls of (lie building. 



PlO. 4.— Vw 

 The verge -board, or drapery, 

 strengthening the gable cornice, and when used on 

 small gables, or dormer windows, is very appropri- 

 ate and can be made quite ornamental at a small 

 expense. Fig. IV illustrates different patterns,— 

 those atC. D. where the caves ore curved. This 

 can be cheaply done where a cornico similar to tbe 

 one shown in Fig. I is used— tbe upper port of the 

 bracket being cut to the proper curve. It is hardly 

 possible to make a good lootiing cornice without a 

 facia and crown moulding. For the latter a sim- 

 ple quarter-round cove, or 0. G., with fillets above 

 and below is better than a compound moulding, as 

 something that is bold and shows itself plainly is 

 better than a combination of intricate work, loo 

 small to be seen without Hie aid of ladder or spy- 



Eave-gutlers may be made iu the roof over the 

 plate, iu ili' crniec, or hung up under the ends of 

 the shingles. The first is the best and cheapest; 

 the second looks the best, and the lant ia worst of 

 all, being unsightly and troublesome. 



Valleys can be made tight nnd durable by using 

 separate sheets of roofing tin bent into the angle 

 and laid one above the other with a lap of about 

 two inches,— commence at the bottom and nail the 

 two upper comers only. Shingle down on this 

 from each way, leaving a space of three or four 

 inches, which, ir kept well painted, will last aa long 

 as the rest of the roof. J - B - B - 



Pompey, Onondaga Co.. N. v , Isaft 



— 



"ABOUT HOBSES," 



Messus. Eds. :-0n perusing the Ruiul of July 



23d, my attention was arrested by the article 



'■ "' ''" ""- u Pl« 



Not ( 



, J folly e 



I the writer's v 



mts, but from the fact that the 

 article i" question indicates that some stock grow- 

 ers in this vicinity arc waking up to a subject of 

 great importance to agriculturists generally in 

 Western New York— a subject justly entitled to n 

 apace in the columns of all agricultural journals. 

 And I beg leave to offer for discussion the follow- 

 ing proposition, viz: — What kind o( BtalHon, 

 crossed with tbe mares of Western New York will 

 produce the fastest trotters, best roadsters, most 

 itylish aud valuable carriage hor^s, nnd most use- 

 ful stage, cart and farm horses, I have mcdilatcd 

 much ou this subject, and it o 



of this country are comprised of * 

 variety of breeds, style and other qualities 

 'here is q Lmd of stallion from which may b 

 duced all of the different kinds of boi 

 rated in the above question. There is no question 

 of greater importance to Western New York- 

 little understood aud appreciated, and n 



