AUG. 20. 



MOOHE'S RXFKJlL KW-YO&KESt. 



rill rc-t 111. 



MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOLS. 



Haider iLut the little children compos- 

 ools, are soon to enter the great field 

 the thinkers and workers upon wh 



dest'BJ Of Oltl country, 







patrons to a scdbb of their duty. 

 The child's mind is a canvas upon whic 



principles and character of those wilbwbom helms 

 daily iDlcrcourse soon becomes impressed. A 

 word may changehiswholeuftcrlife— may awaken 

 tin- energy and the power lo rank first among llio 

 honored Ol our land, to achieve works of true 

 greatness, or may crush that spirit, und Hie cliild 

 become the " vilest of the vile," nn inhabitant of a 

 prison cell. Yet how many parents there are who 

 new enter the school-room to look after the inter- 

 ests of their children* The lowest applicant is 

 usually employed, without any regard to reputation 

 oa a teacher, and the work is begun and ended 



I MM 



Certainly you "haven't 









,,..,.. 



Perhaps you never thought 

 how a few hours spent in the school-room now and 

 then, would encourage pupils and interest teachers 

 in their work. The same round of duties, day 

 after day, becomes irksome— the cliild longs for 

 aome change, and the thought (bat some one is 

 interested in their welfare, and desires to see them 

 progressing, will give to each a now relish for 

 study and a new determination to improve. 



Some say "our school is small, hardly worth 

 tracking, much more visiting." If you possessed 

 ind, would you Deglect to culti 



becausi 



you 1 



t fifty, 





youi 





PHIPP3 TNION FEMALE SEMINARY, ALBION. >f. Y. 



more abundant? In either case the 

 suggests itself to our minds as a < 

 one. If the few are not educated, 

 mass to become so? That little 

 contain another Washington, a I 



J educated judiciously, then, 



iiijifin v may 





ive his pUtc 



s within the reach of every o 



with them about the matter. If tbc-y neglect 

 send their children regularly, tell tbern the ct 

 resulting from such a practice, and gel them L- 



poor to afford to buy a book, bnj Syrwo 



terested- 



ono yourself— tbo 



and the conscious. 



xpent 



ould 1 



Mil,-, 



ess of having performed 



action would more than furnish a recompense.— 

 Since immortality is the birlh-rigbt of every human 

 being, let no one be lelt in ignorance of those 

 divine truths which refine the nature, and prepare 



Emily Ellis. 



QUALIFICATIONS OF THE TEACHER. 



ritha 





Rpral, (by the way, 

 very welcome visitei 





ind having 



' appearing 

 your paper is a regulc 

 at many a happy home 

 try,) under the caption "Educ; 

 interested with other porli 



glad to hear it spoken of, as I often do, as the pa- 

 per that does more for the Farmer than any other. 

 lint particularly am I interested with your Sugges- 

 tions to teachers, from which alone I hare gained 

 more than enough to pay for my year's subscription. 



The education of the young has of late occupied 

 the minds of the people more than in former days. 

 Mni.v improvements have been made in the system 

 Of Common School teaching, and many advantages 

 are now enjoyed of which we knew nothing a few 

 years since. But although much has been done, 

 much remains lo be accomplished. Many of our 

 people have a great deal yet to learn, both with re- 

 gard to choosing teachers, and treating tbern 

 properly after they are employed, Or, if tbeso 

 lessons ore already learned, they need to be bro't 

 into practical uso. 



In this age of dollars and cents, when gold and 

 silver gain respect and influence for a man who 

 deserves neither, and when bank notes are a pass- 

 port lo office, many seem to lose sight of the prop- 

 er qualicalions for a teacher, and, too often, of two 

 applicants tor a school, the one who obtains em- 

 r !°y m * nt B**»*t, not because he is the better qual- 

 liicdofihe two. but because he will teach for a 

 ew dollars tea* thui ooe e , 9e , h lh h 



(IBM Will IOO& come „>,, ,. . ,. .„ . , . 



. ""- " Qt, i the truth will be learned 



. '-, ., ""'' art P°" r tergains at least, in the 



majority Of instance* T~ f, . 



j j usances. lnie,u, e re are cases where 



. .. ,. „ e would urge, is, Ibis 



should not be the reason why ihov nr » j 



„ ■ . * Qe J art employed. 



1 rem experience and obsorvnti„T, i _ . - 



j ij .• r .. ttm ^caking, 



andwouldnoticefurtber.thallbaveknownte^h 

 destitute of right moral principles— t S1 J^ 'f^ 8 

 mg more-gain employment where those „f "° d 

 moral character were refused. This U not as it 

 should be. Parents do not rightly estimate the 

 amount of influence that a teacher is calculated to 

 exert. The teacher's example will cither be useful 

 °r injurious to the pupils through life. Impres- 

 * made upon the youthful mind, can never he 

 The teacher may, by exerting a proper 



>el may vainly strive for years lo pro- 

 r access ai 



'"the youth, but those who will labor 

 right moral principles. 



of the prominent and most pleading char- 

 of Western and Central New York con- 

 sists in its finely located and well sustained 

 Academies and Seminaries — almost every town 

 of note having at least one institution of merit and 

 reputation. The edifices occupied by these insti- 

 tutions are mostly substantial and beautiful struc- 

 tures, and many of them admirable in location 

 and surroundings. This ia particularly true of 

 reral heretofore presented in the Rural — such 

 theElrniru Female College, Auburn Theological 

 Seminary, Brockport Collegiate Institute, Trncy 

 Female Institute, and others. And we take pleas- 

 view, and brief notice of another 

 excellent institution — that of Phippa Union Fe- 

 male Seminary, above represented. 

 This Seminary has long ranked among the first 



! its class in this section of the On , hating 



been incorporated by the Regents of th<- Universiiy 



of New York in 1840. The last Annual Catalogue | of Criticism, and the class in Algebra and Trigo- 

 (fortbe year ending June 23d, 1859,) shows that nometry. would have done credit to similar classes 



the institution is well patronized and in a very 

 prosperous condition. Tbo annual Examination 

 of pupils (June 21st. 2:d and 23d, | is said to have 

 been highly creditable. We make the following 

 extract from the Report of the Examining Com- 



" Seldom, if ever, has there been witnessed more 

 perfect order, and clearer evidence of thorough 

 scholarship, Hum wero exhibited during this exam- 

 ination. While all evinced good training and 

 commendable proficiency in their respective de- 

 partments, it is but just to mention some classes 

 that excelled. The large class in Cornell's High 

 School Geography, showed a thoroughness and 

 practical readiness highly pleasing to all. The 



in any of our best Colleges. The young ladies not 

 only answered promptly, but explained many of 

 the lending and moat dillimlt parts of these sciences 

 in the most lucid and satisfactory manner. They 

 gave clear evidence of diligent application, and 

 that thoroughness which can only be acquired by 

 persevering effort, and faithful, earnest, and la- 

 borious teaching. Another excellence manifest at 

 this examination, of which the Committee would 

 speak particularly, was the care given to teaching 

 penmanship and composition. More neat, or im- 

 proved writing-books, it has never been our privi- 

 lege to examine. The Graduating Class deported 

 themselves most becomingly. Their compositions 

 were of a higher order of sentiment — well written 

 and Will rend ; worthy of the highest commenda- 



8TATE TEACHERS' ASSOCIATIONS. 



The New York State Teachers' Association h< 



its Fourteenth Annual Session at IVnigtihc-p-. 

 on the 2d, 3d, and 4th inst. The following pern 



President- James N. McElligott, LL. D., N 

 York. Vice- President* — Jas. Johonnot, Syracuse ; 

 W. N. Road, Newburg; Asa Baker, Johustown ; 

 Edwin A. Charlton, Lockport. Recording •Secre- 

 taries— James Atwater, Lootport ; G. N. Harris, 

 rer—Vfm. U. Hugbos, Albany. 



Board of Editors/or tfos A'eto York Teacher.- 

 J. W. Bulkley, Brooklyn; E.A. Sheldon, Oswego; 

 A. Z. Barrows, Buffalo; W. W. Raymond, Skune- 

 ateles; D. H. Crittenden, New York; Emily A. 

 Rice, Schenectady; Helen M. I'hilleo, Iloouville ; 

 E. W. Keyes, Albany; A. B. Wiggin.Owego; Ed- 

 ward Webster, Rochester ; J. W. Barker, Niagara 

 Falls. 



The Association resolved lo hold its next Annual 

 Meeting at Syracuse, July 81st, 16C0. 



Tan Wisconsin Association held its Sixth Annual 

 Session, at Madison, last week. There were some 

 three hundred teachers present. The session was 

 continued four days, and the exercises were highly 

 interesting. The following officers were elected 

 for the ensuing year : 



President— J. B. pRAnr, of Sheboygau. Vice- 

 Presidents— U. P. Kinney, Racine; George Galo, 

 Trempeleau; J. J. Mclntyre, Berlin. Secretary— 

 James H. Magoffin, Waukesha. Treasurer— E. S. 

 Green, of La Crosse. Councillors— A. J. Craig, 

 Palmyra; J. L. Pickard, PlatteviUe; E. C. John- 

 son, Fond du Lac; E. P. Larkin, Milwaukee; T.J. 

 Connaugbty, Kenosha. 



The next session of the Association will be held 

 at Milwaukee, in July, 1860. 



MAKING A NEEDLE. 





i girt, who may read 1 

 people are all tbo tim 

 lings which she every 



) a red-hot furnace, 

 I backward and for- 

 i are straight. This 



KkvsihMathevatics.— Theattention of teachers 

 and parents should be called to the use of " Keys " 

 by pupils in Arithmetic oud Algebra, in some of 

 our schools. The title page says they are designed 

 for the teachers only; but the booksellers in some 

 towns inform as that the demand for them nearly 

 equals the sale of the corresponding text-books. 



What 





fthei 



,- „t thci 



s of teachers, there can b 

 by pupils. Tbey preveol 

 reliance, defeat the primary purpose of cduca- 

 i and directly foster indolence, superficiality, 

 conceit. The pupil who has simply copied a 

 solution, comes lo tbe recitation with the compla- 

 cent assumption that ke understands tbe problem, 

 when it can be truly comprehended only by being 

 worked out. " Wo get along so fast with them " 

 is the poor plea which seems lo satisfy those who 

 do not consider that mental discipline is gained 

 " tually by doing a few things wcU, than 



field. A 



child 



endence upon such ; 

 'ill soon be fixed, and 

 -MauachtttetU Teach 



accelerated efforts 



be permitted, t 



id if.) 



GntATNRSs.— A great, a good 

 ■ a kind of divinity lodged in 



he blessing of a slave as well a. 

 From heaven, and to heaven it n 



and aright mind 

 flesh, and may be 

 a prince; it came 



USt return; and it 



s a kiad 



f heavenly felicity 

 nd enjoys in some 



degree, 



?Z\?1 



Oman or EmjcATicK.-.The, real design of edu- 

 cation ia to giy e children resources that will endure 

 as long ia IK, endures ; habits ibat time wiU ameli- 



evcr thought how 

 work in making 

 uses. What can be more common, and, you may 



think, more simple than a needle? Yet, ifyou do 

 not know it, I can tell you that it takes a great 

 many persons to make a needle, and n great deal 

 of time, too. 



Let us take a peep into tbe needle manufactory. 

 In going over the premises, we must pass hither 



back again, and take a drive to a mill, in order to 

 see the whole process. We find one chamber of 

 the Bhop is hung around with coils of bright wire 

 of all thicknesses, from the stout kinds used for 

 codfish books, to that of the finest cambric needles. 

 In a room below, bits of wire, the length of two 

 needles, are cut by a vast pair of shears fixed in 

 the wall, A bundle has been cut off; tho bits need 

 straight. ■ning, for they just came off from the 



The bundle is thrown in 

 and then taken out and rolli 

 ward on a table till the win 



process is called "rubbing straight." We noi" 

 a mill for grinding needles. We go down intc 

 basement and find a needle pointer seated ot 

 bench. He takes up two dozen or so of tin 

 wires and rolls them between bis thumb and tin 

 gers with their ends on the grindstone, first on< 

 end and then the other. We have now the wire; 

 straight, and pointed at both ends. Next is c 

 machine which flattens and gutters tbe heads of 

 ten thousand needles an hour. Observe the little 

 gutters at the head of your needle. Next comes 

 the punching of the eye, and the boy who does it 

 punches eight thousand an hour, and he does it so 

 fast your eyes can hardly keep pace with him. — 

 The splitting follows, which is running a fine wire 

 through a dozen, perhaps, of these twin needles. 

 A woman, with a little anvil before her, files 

 between tho heads, and separates them. Tbey 

 are now complete needles, but rough and rusty, 

 and, what is worse, they easily bend. A poor 

 needle, you will say. But the hardening comes 

 next. They are heated in a furnace, and when 

 red-hot are thrown into a pan of cold water. Next 

 tbey must be tempered, and this is done by rolling 

 them backward and forward on a hot metallic 

 plate. Tbe polishing still remains to be done — 

 On a very coarse cloth needles arc spread to the 

 number of forty or fifty thousand. Emery dust is 

 strewed over them, oil is sprinkled, and soft soap 

 is dashed in spoonfuls over the cloth ; the cloth is 

 then rolled up with several others of the same 

 kind, thrown into a wash-pot, to roll to and fro 

 for twelve hours or more. They come out dirty 

 enough, but after a rinsing in clean hot water, 

 and a tossing in sawdust, tbey look as bright as 

 can be, and are ready to be sorted and put up for 

 sale. But the sorting and doing up in papers, 

 you can imagine, is quite a work by itself. 



ABOUT INSECTS. 



Isski t- are largely endowed with the faculty of 

 sight ; for their eyes, though unable to tur 

 infinitely multiplied, and compensate by qui 

 for their want of motion". To give an idea of the 

 numbers some orders possess, I may mentioi 

 to one species of butterfly, by no means among the 

 largest, is allotted nearly 35.000 eyes. These 

 distributed over every part of the body, and tl 

 whatever may be tbe position of the animal 

 danger can approach unperceived, as a sent 



thin; 



HIGH NOTIONS, AiALN. 



Kc,riAL: -I have read with tr 



''""'■ ,i "■ ' Y„ lu ,g Kuralisf 

 it is an essential p tt rt of your n 



hail wiib , 



week. Now, my name is not very" often seen in 

 public print, but I have made bold this time for 

 the following reasons. 



In the Kt ral of June 4th, I saw an article writ- 

 ten by "Cnirs," hwled "High Notions," which 

 suited my fancy exiieUy. I felt thai I could in- 

 dorse every word of it. Judge of my surprise 

 then, on opening the Riiial of July ;;'Hh, to find 

 an article over tbo signature of* 1 W. S." of Niagara 

 Co.. wholly setting aside, or lukibg back said nr- 

 ng that "he was evidently lubor- 







Tbe passions of love and fear 

 liigher emotions, are exhibited very signally in 

 ;ome orders of insects, and are even expressed 

 idiiiicls. which, while not without significance 

 he human ear, are doubtless full of meaning 

 may be demonstrated 



The I 



l_<n',i,_-c 



i blue-b 



b will 



.liately raise its note in a surprising manner, 

 the tone being one of unmistakable alarm. In 

 tropical countries I have noticed the same pecu- 

 liarity, with but little variation, in mosquitoes; 



and the adroitness with which these little janissa- 

 ries avoid capture indicates an organization still 

 more subtle. 



Few a 



[l!c- 1 « 



"Thsrb are some members of a community," 

 said tbe sagacious and wilty Thomas Bradbury, 

 "that are like a crumb in tho throat, if iln.-v go 

 the right way they afford but little nourishment, 

 but if they go the wrong way, they give a great 

 deal of trouble." 



ity of spiders, exhibited so constantly within Hie 

 pherc of familiar observation. Let a fly be thrown 

 in a spider's web and a strange spectacle will l<d 

 low. Tho terror and despair of the fly at the first 

 approach of his inexorable enemy, his energetic 

 :s to esoape from the tyrant's clutches, and 

 ,st touching death-struggle, with tbe exulta- 

 ragc and malignant cruelty of the spider, are 

 id mimicry of the mightier paroxysms of man, 

 which few will be able to contemplate with apathy 

 indifference. 



I need not dwell here on tbe affection of insects 

 for their progeny, as that is a passion which, by 

 tho wise providence of tbe Almighty, prevails, with 

 few differences of degree, throughout the whole 

 range of nature. But il would be an omission not 

 to say that they experience more than usual diffi- 

 culty in providing for the necessities and require- 

 ments of their younu', vet pursue this object, 

 every disadvantage, with unwearying foi 

 tenderness and persev-e ranee. — Fullum. 



it, calling it "on 'old fogy' influence" which 

 he was trying to spread, Ac. Now, if it will not 

 arouse any one's dander to hear one's chosen oc- 

 cupation,— one so pleasant and delightful, loo,— so 

 greatly depreciated as " W. S." would have it, then 

 we do not know what would. 



Where do you find the most true enjoyment — 

 true happiness? Is it with Ihoso who follow a 

 Commercial life * Is it wilh those who follow the 

 Plow, and obey that mandate, " earn thy bread by 

 the sweat of tby brow." Do you see any real 

 happiness depicted on the countenance of those 

 pale-faced, young men, that are seen behind tbe 

 counter of every- city store? On the contrary, you 

 hear them complain of sickness in some of its 

 forms. Poor fellows! Wo pity Ibem from the 

 bottom of our hearts. Evidently W. S. did not 

 read "C. P. O.'s" article in the Ruual of July2d, 

 or perhaps he is disposed to try the now " drive- 

 wheel" again. We would tell " W. S." it will not 

 go. It is not made of the right material. It has 

 been tried enough to satisfy candid and thoughtful 

 persons. The "drive wheel " of Honest Society, 

 must be made of Agricultural pursuits. We would 

 not be understood to say that every body must bo 

 Farmers. No ! no ! that would never do. It has 

 often been truthfully said that "one trade isde- 

 pendenton another." It takes all of tbern to make 



but if the "drive wheel " keeps constantly dimin- 

 ishing, and the other parts increasing, then the 

 motion 8top3. We are for every person making a 

 free choice of occupation, as well as " W. S.," but 

 let all occupations be held up in tbe same light- 

 then we can see to make a choice. Our "drive 

 wheel" has been weakened and constantly dimin- 

 ished by so doing, and what has been the result? 

 Alas! the answer is known too well. But of late, 

 we are happy to assert, much has been done to re- 

 place the old "drive wheel," so that things may 



go on with lh 

 log replaced. 

 "drive wheel' 



farming as well as to anylhi 

 fewer. Go up< 



ivi-.nf. .-d regularity; and i 



s be- 



and the Old 



full operation again. 



appertaining I 





nts of the day, i 



1-regulatcd farm 





other appurtenances, and there are few unpleas- 

 ant features. Farming has been let run to too 

 low a figure; but, for a few years back, through 

 the instrumentality of first-rate agricultural pa- 

 pers, together with the go-aheadativeness of the 

 people, it has been revived, and is still reriving. 

 Farming m a very pleasant, healthful, and useful 



occupation, and it can be male i 

 be. The time is speedily coming 

 will hold his proper place in comi 

 many of our most influential m 



so, and will 

 i the former 

 ■y. A great 



re directing 



THE DOGS. 



THE RELIGIONS OF CHINA. 



The national religions of China are three, m 

 ly, the system of Confucius, that of Taou, and 

 of Buddha. Besides these, there are about a 

 lion of Christians and quite a number of Mahome- 

 dans. The religion of Confucius addresses itself 



oral l 



The i 



a of y 



is inculcated, and the duty of compliance wilh the 

 precepts of law. But it ignores, or but faintly re- 

 cognizes the higer sanctions of rewards and pun- 



Taouism is materialistic. Its ideas of the soul 

 are physical and chemical. It regards the stars 

 as divine, and it defies hermits and physiciunn, 

 magicians and alchemists. 



Buddhism differs from both. It is commonly 

 said to he a form of materialism, and yet it is emi- 

 nently subtle, metaphysical and imaginative. It 







d they supple- 



Lat one doe 



not absolutely 





ct that this ml 





d tolerated by 









on*f a tolerant 



on of mind 





I wish to say a word for my 

 friends, the Dogs, in answer to Mr. Pbarsoit, in 

 Rural of July lGth. I cannot see the noble 

 ture so cruelly maligned and not speak a word 

 is defence. Instead of waging an indiscrim- 

 inate war of extermination against htm, let ns edu- 

 cate bim. No animal, except man, has faculties so 

 susceptible of cultivation; and in the place of uselass 

 untrained curs which make night hideous, we shall 

 have faithful and valuable servants. I extraot a 

 few items from an able article on dogs, in tbe 

 last New American Cyclopedia, as comprising what 

 I wish to say much better than I could SBy it i 



"It would be useless here to introduce anecdotes 

 proving the sagacity, faithfulness, affection, grati- 

 tude, courage, velocity and other useful qualities 

 of the dog; these have been known from remote 

 antiquity and are recognized in the earliest sys- 

 tems of Pagan theology ond astronomy. 



" In France and several other countries, especi- 

 ally Holland, dogs are frequently employed u 

 draught animals, and in Kamstchatka and Green- 

 land, almost exclusively for the soma purpose— 

 From the above remarks it must be evident that 

 tbe dogs are the most complete and useful conquest 

 ever made by man; all their faculties have been 

 rendered subservient to him, for bis pleasure and 

 profit, for his safety agaiust his own kind and other 

 animals." 



Whot a crowd of anecdotes, illustrative of the 

 sagacity and courage of the canine species, does 

 Ihe nameof.sV. ^/-/(tirisuggest! His noble deeds 

 of rescuing snow-bewildered travelers in the Alps 

 mould atone for all defects in the manners of his 

 liumbler brethren. In conclusion, I would advise 

 Mr. Pbahson to read the article from which I 

 quote, and then buy himself the best-looking pup- 

 py he can find in St. Lawrence county. x. 

 Cazenovla, N. Y,, August, 1S59. 



GasniNB Goohness is no stagnant pool, but flow- 

 ing and melodious like a mountain stream. Even 



tried and tempered like Meel in the 

 of experience— virtue, which is purity of heart, 

 >rence of the world. 





, commands the 



